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Araneidae
| Description | Orb-weaver spiders or araneids are members of the spider family Araneidae. They are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel-shaped webs often found in gardens, fields and forests. "Orb" can in English mean "circular", hence the English name of the group. Araneids have eight similar eyes, hairy or spiny legs, and no stridulating organs. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araneidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Araneae : Araneidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | orb-weaving spider | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific Name | Araneidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 127 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 15 (12%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 130 - 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | terrestrial (based on Arachnida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Arachnida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vision | limited (based on Xiphosurida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | carnivore (based on Xiphosura) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | chitin (based on Arachnida) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | D. Penney. 2001. Advances in the taxonomy of spiders in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Arthropoda: Araneae). Palaeontology 44:987-1009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Kruisspinachtigen, Orb Weavers, Hjulspindlar, Orb-weaving Spider, Orbweavers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araneidae |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Araneinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | Orb-weaver Spider | 2 | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant |
 Nephilinaesubfamily | listed (PBDB) | 31 | 130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Tetragnathinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Acacesia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Acantharachne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Acanthepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Acroaspis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Acrosoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Acrosomoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Actinacantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Actinosoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aculepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Acusilas genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aerea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aethriscus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aethrodiscus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aetrocantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Afracantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Agalenatea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Alenatea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Allocyclosa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Alpaida genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Amazonepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Anepeira ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Anepsion genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Arachnura genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea genus | listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Araneometa ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Araneus genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 28 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Araniella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranoethra genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Argiope genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Argyope genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Artifex genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Artonis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aspidolasius genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Atelacantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Augusta genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Austracantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Backobourkia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bararaneus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Bertrana genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Caerostris genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Carepalxis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Celaenia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cercidia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chaetacis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chorizopes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chorizopesoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chrysometata ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Cladomelea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Clitaetra genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cnodalia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Coelossia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Colaranea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Collina genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Colphepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cryptaranea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyclosa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyclososoma ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Cyphalonotus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyrtarachne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyrtobill genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyrtophora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Deione genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Deliochus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dolophones genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dubiepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Edricus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Enacrosoma genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Encyosaccus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Eoaraneus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Eochorizopes ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Eonephila ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Eozygiella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Epeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Epeiroides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Eriophora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Eriovixia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Eustacesia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Eustala genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Eustaloides ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 19 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Exechocentrus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Faradja genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Fossilaraneus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Friula genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Galaporella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gasteracantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gastroxya genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gea genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Gibbaranea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Glyptogona genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Gnolus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Herennia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Heurodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hingstepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hypognatha genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Hypsacantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hypsosinga genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ideocaira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Isoxya genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Kaira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Kapogea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Kilima genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Larinia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lariniaria genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Larinioides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lariniophora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Leviellus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lewisepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lipocrea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Luxurionephila ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Macracantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Madacantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mahembea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mangora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Manogea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mastophora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mecynogea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Meditrina ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Megaraneus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Melychiopharis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mesozygiella ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Metazygia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Metepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Micrathena genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Micrepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Micropoltys genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Milonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Miranda genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Miraraneus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Mirometa ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 23.0 Ma Miocene | 23.0 Ma Miocene | |
| Molinaranea genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Nemoscolus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nemosinga genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nemospiza genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Neoarchemorus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Neogea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Neoscona genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nephila genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Golden Silk Orb-weaver | 9 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 0 Ma Extant |
| Nephilengys genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nephilingis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nicolepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Novakiella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Novaranea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nuctenea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Oarces genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ocrepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ordgarius genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Palaeonephila ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 8 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Palaeopachygnatha ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Paralarinia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Paraplectana genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Paraplectanoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pararaneus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Parawixia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Parmatergus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pasilobus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Perilla genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pherenice genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Phonognatha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pitharatus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Plebs genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Poecilarcys genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Poecilopachys genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Poltys genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Porcataraneus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pozonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Prasonica genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Prasonicella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pronoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pronous genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudartonis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudopsyllo genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Psyllo genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pulchellaranea ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Pycnacantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pycnosinga ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Rubrepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Scoloderus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sedasta genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Singa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Singafrotypa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Siwa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Spilasma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Spinepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Spintharidius genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Stanneoclavis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Stroemiellus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Taczanowskia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Talthybia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tatepeira genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Telaprocera genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Testudinaria genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Testudinaroides ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Tethneus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 8 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Thelacantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Thorellina genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Togacantha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Umbonata genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ursa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Verrucosa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Wagneriana genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Witica genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Wixia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Xylethrus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Yaginumia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zealaranea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Zilla genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Zygiella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea bosenbergi species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea crabroniphila species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea eumeniphila species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea fishhoekensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea fratella species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea goniaoides species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea moluccensis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea multiplicans species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea novae-pomeraniae species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea pia species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea pseudo-centrodes species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea sagana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Aranea sinistra species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cylosa verrucosa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Empeira mayo species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Micanthena pichincha species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Obsolete Names
| Name | Source | Taxon Rank | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epeiridae | GBIF | family | Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Araneae : Epeiridae |
| Argiopidae | GBIF | family | Animalia : Arthropoda : Arachnida : Araneae : Argiopidae |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1895 | Araneidae Simon |
| 1922 | Argiopidae Petrunkevitch p. 254 |
| 1922 | Epeirinae Petrunkevitch p. 260 |
| 2013 | Araneidae Dunlop et al. p. 160 |
| 2017 | Araneidae Wheeler et al. |
| 2020 | Araneidae Magalhaes et al. |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
Klaipėda County, Lithuania