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Hippuritida

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Megalomoidea sp.

Woodville, Sandusky County, Ohio, USA

Megalomoidea sp.

Woodville, Sandusky County, Ohio, USA

Megalomoidea sp.

Woodville, Sandusky County, Ohio, USA

Description

Rudists are a group of extinct box-, tube- or ring-shaped marine heterodont bivalves belonging to the order Hippuritida that arose during the Late Jurassic and became so diverse during the Cretaceous that they were major reef-building organisms in the Tethys Ocean, until their complete extinction at the close of the Cretaceous.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippuritida, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	9280936	https://www.gbif.org/species/9280936
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	244354	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=244354

Rank

order

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Hippuritida

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Heteroconchia
-	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Cardiiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Hippuritida	Newell 1965

Common Name

rudist

Scientific Name

Hippuritida

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hippuritida	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated with evidence	Newell, 1965
Hippuritida	order	belongs to Bivalvia	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Hippuritida	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated with evidence	Giribet and Wheeler, 2002
Hippuritida	order	belongs to Autobranchia	implied	Nevesskaja, 2009
Hippuritida	order	belongs to Heterodonta	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010
Hippuritida	order	belongs to Cardiiformii	stated with evidence	Carter et al., 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

379

Extant Size (PBDB)

16 (4.2%)

First Recorded Appearance

439 - 433 Ma
Silurian

Environment

marine

Motility

stationary, attached

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder

Ecospace Comments

ECOSPACE CODE: 261.

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite, aragonite

Primary Reference (PBDB)

N. D. Newell. 1965. Classification of the Bivalvia. American Museum Novitates 2206:1-25

Common Name(s)

Rudist

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippuritida

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Hippuritina suborder	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Radiolitidina suborder	listed (PBDB)		4,507	439 Ma Silurian	0 Ma Extant
Requieniidina suborder	listed (PBDB)		228	161 Ma Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Hippuritacea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)	Rudist	40	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Antillocaprinidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		143	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Caprinidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		154	140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Caprinulidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		68	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Caprinuloideidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		131	140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Caprotinidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Cycloconchidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		42	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Diceratidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		36	164 Ma Middle Jurassic	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Dictyoptychidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Epidiceratidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		18	161 Ma Jurassic	140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Hippuritidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1,158	439 Ma Silurian	0 Ma Extant
Ichthyosarcolitidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		77	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lyrodesmatidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		84	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Monopleuridae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		112	140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plagioptychidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		151	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Polyconitidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		50	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Radiolitidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2,365	136 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Redoniidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	485 Ma Cambrian	485 Ma Cambrian
Requieniidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		210	157 Ma Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Trechmannellidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		56	86.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anodontopleura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Balabania ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		4	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Baryconites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Branislavia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		6	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cryptaulia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cumularia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Dechaseauxia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dessia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Eodiceras ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		11	161 Ma Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Eomegalodus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Glossomyophorus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hardaghia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hatayia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Hatayin ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Heterodiscus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Juramegalodus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Kipia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Klinghardtites ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Lithocalamus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lovetchenia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Macrodiceras ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		11	161 Ma Jurassic	161 Ma Jurassic
Megadiceras ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Megalomoidea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	439 Ma Silurian	433 Ma Silurian
Mesodiceras ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Miseia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		17	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Monnieria ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	151 Ma Late Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Oryxia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Palus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paradiceras ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	151 Ma Late Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Paramonopleura ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parasauvagesia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Pileochama ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Praecaprina ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Protodiceras ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	190 Ma Early Jurassic	190 Ma Early Jurassic
Pseudopironaea ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Rhedensia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Synodontites ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Tetravaccinites ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1965	Hippuritoida Newell p. 16
1980	Hippuritoida Vokes p. 193
2002	Hippuritoida Giribet and Wheeler
2002	Hippuritoida Sepkoski, Jr.
2009	Hippuritoida Nevesskaja
2010	Hippuritida Bouchet et al.
2011	Hippuritida Carter et al. p. 15

References

Newell N. D. (1965) Classification of the Bivalvia, American Museum Novitates 2206, 1-25

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Giribet G., Wheeler W. (2002) On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data, Invertebrate Biology 121 4, 271-324

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Nevesskaja L. A. (2009) Principles of Systematics and the System of Bivalves, Paleontological Journal 43 1, 1-11 doi:10.1134/S0031030109010018

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

Carter J. G., Altaba C. R., et al (2011) A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca), University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4, 1-47

The Paleobiology Database (2016 version). Available online at www.paleobiodb.org. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) (2019 version). Available online at http://www.marinespecies.org. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Carter, J. G.; Altaba, C. R.; Anderson, L. C.; Araujo, R.; Biakov, A. S.; Bogan, A. E.; Campbell, D. C.; Campbell, M.; Jin-hua, C.; Cope, J. C. W.; Delvene, G.; Dijkstra, H. H.; Zong-jie, F.; Gardner, R. N.; Gavrilova, V. A.; Goncharova, I. A.; Harries, P. J.; Hartman, J. H.; Hautmann, M.; Hoeh, W. R.; Hylleberg, J.; Bao-yu, J.; Johnston, P.; Kirkendale, L.; Kleemann, K.; Koppka, J.; Kříž, J.; Machado, D.; Malchus, N.; Márquez-Aliaga, A.; Masse, J.-P.; McRoberts, C. A.; Middelfart, P.U.; Mitchell, S.; Nevesskaja, L. A.; Özer, S.; Pojeta, J. Jr.; Polubotko, I.V.; Pons, J. M.; Popov, S.; Sánchez, T.; Sartori, A. F.; Scott, R. W.; Sey, I. I.; Signorelli, J. H.; Silantiev, V. V.; Skelton, P. W.; Steuber, T.; Waterhouse, J. B.; Wingard, G. L.; Yancey, T. (2011). A synoptical classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Paleontological Contributions. 4: 1-47. - via World Register of Marine Species

Newell, N. D. (1965). Classification of the Bivalvia. American Museum Novitates. 2206: 1-25. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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