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Cingulata

Description

Cingulata, part of the superorder Xenarthra, is an order of armored New World placental mammals. Dasypodids and chlamyphorids, the armadillos, are the only surviving families in the order. Two groups of cingulates much larger than extant armadillos (maximum body mass of 45 kg (100 lb) in the case of the giant armadillo) existed until recently: pampatheriids, which reached weights of up to 200 kg (440 lb) and chlamyphorid glyptodonts, which attained masses of 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) or more.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)9311453https://www.gbif.org/species/9311453
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)57076https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57076
Rankfamily (GBIF)
unranked clade (PBDB)
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cingulata
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-AmericatheriaShockey 2017
-Xenarthra
familyCingulata
Scientific NameCingulata
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Cingulatasuborderbelongs to Xenarthrastated without evidenceTrouessart, 1898
Cingulataorderbelongs to Edentatastated without evidenceMcKenna, 1975
Cingulatasuborderbelongs to Xenarthrastated without evidenceMacFadden et al., 1993
Cingulataorderbelongs to Xenarthrastated with evidenceHerrera et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)266
Extant Size (PBDB)49 (18%)
First Recorded Appearance58.7 - 55.8 Ma
Paleogene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietomnivore (based on Xenarthra)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)C. Illiger. 1811. Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cingulata

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Pachyarmatheriidae
family
listed (PBDB)3328.4 Ma
Oligocene
0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Eocoleophorus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
348.6 Ma
Eocene
29.0 Ma
Oligocene
Holozaedyus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
36.80 Ma
Miocene
5.33 Ma
Miocene
Lumbreratherium
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
148.6 Ma
Eocene
48.6 Ma
Eocene
Parutaetus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1348.6 Ma
Eocene
29.0 Ma
Oligocene
Prodasypus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Proeocoleophorus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
148.6 Ma
Eocene
48.6 Ma
Eocene
Punatherium
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
137.2 Ma
Eocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene
Yuruatherium
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
237.2 Ma
Eocene
33.9 Ma
Oligocene
Dasypodoidea
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)76558.7 Ma
Paleocene
0 Ma
Extant
Euphracta
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
Glyptodonta
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)
Peltephilidae
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
4033.9 Ma
Oligocene
10.00 Ma
Miocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1898Cingulata Trouessart
1975Cingulata McKenna p. 40
1993Cingulata MacFadden et al. p. 235
1995Cingulata Downing and White p. 378
1995Cingulata Gaudin
1997Cingulata McKenna and Bell p. 82
2007Cingulata Croft et al. p. 783
YearName and Author
2007Cingulata McDonald and Naples p. 151
2008Cingulata Carlini et al. p. 142
2008Cingulata Rincón et al. p. 198
2009Cingulata Shockey et al.
2010Cingulata Kramarz et al.
2017Cingulata Herrera et al.
2017Cingulata Shockey

References

Illiger C. , Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium
Trouessart E. L. , Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilum 5, 665-1264
McKenna M. C. (1975) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia, Phylogeny of the Primates, Plenum Publishing, New York, 21-46
MacFadden B. J., Anaya F., et al (1993) Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Inchasi: a Pliocene mammal-bearing locality from the Bolivian Andes deposited just before the Great American Interchange, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 114 2-3, 229-241
Downing K. F., White R. S. (1995) The cingulates (Xenarthra) of the Leisey Shell Pit local fauna (Irvingtonian), Hillsborough County, Florida, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37 12, 375-396
Gaudin T. J. (1995) The ear region of edentates and the phylogeny of Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15 3, 672-705
McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640
Croft D. A., Flynn J. J., et al (2007) A New Basal Glyptodontid and other Xenarthra of the Early Miocene Chucal Fauna, Northern Chile, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 4, 781-797 doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[781:ANBGAO]2.0.CO;2
McDonald H. G., Naples V. L. (2007) Xenarthra, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 2, 147-160
Carlini A. A., Zurita A. E., et al (2008) New Glyptodont from the Codore Formation (Pliocene), Falcon State, Venezuela, its relationship with the Asterostemma problem, and the paleobiogeography of the Glyptodontinae, Palaontologische Zeitschrift 82 2, 139-152
Rincón A. D., White R. S., et al (2008) Late Pleistocene cingulates (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from Mene de Inciarte tar pits, Sierra de Perijá, western Venezuela, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 1, 197-207
Shockey B. J., Gismondi R. S., et al (2009) Paleontology and geochronology of the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Moquegua, Peru, American Museum Novitates 3668, 1-24 doi:10.1206/662.1
Kramarz A. G., Vucetich M. G., et al (2010) A new mammal fauna at the top of the Gran Barranca sequence and its biochronological significance, The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia, 264-277
Herrera C. M. R., Powell J. E., et al (2017) A New Eocene Dasypodid with Caniniforms (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from Northwest Argentina, Journal of Mammalian Evolution 24, 275-288 doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9345-x
Shockey B. J. (2017) New Early Diverging Cingulate (Xenarthra: Peltephilidae) from the Late Oligocene of Bolivia and Considerations Regarding the Origin of Crown Xenarthra, Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 58 2, 371-396
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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