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Strigidae

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Description

The true owls or typical owls (family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls (Tytonidae). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy unites the Caprimulgiformes with the owl order; here, the typical owls are a subfamily Striginae. This is unsupported by more recent research (see Cypselomorphae for details), but the relationships of the owls in general are still unresolved. This large family comprises nearly 220 living species in 25 genera. The typical owls have a cosmopolitan distribution and are found on every continent except Antarctica. There are three accepted subfamilies of Strigidae including Striginae, Asioninae, and Surniinae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strigidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	9348	https://www.gbif.org/species/9348
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39403	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39403

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Strigiformes : Strigidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
-	Terrestrornithes	Livezey and Zusi 2007
-	Dendrornithes
-	Raptores	Baird 1858
superorder	Falconimorphae
order	Strigiformes	Wagler 1830
family	Strigidae	Vigors 1825

Common Name

true owl

Scientific Name

Strigidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Strigidae	family	belongs to Striges	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Strigidae	family	belongs to Strigiformes	stated with evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Strigidae	family	belongs to Strigiformes	stated without evidence	Olson and James, 1982
Strigidae	family	belongs to Strigiformes	implied	Carroll, 1988
Strigidae	family	belongs to Strigiformes	stated without evidence	Alcover, 1989
Strigidae	family	belongs to Strigiformes	stated with evidence	Olson and James, 1991
Strigidae	family	belongs to Strigiformes	stated without evidence	Guthrie, 1992
Strigidae	family	belongs to Strigiformes	stated with evidence	Livezey and Zusi, 2007
Strigidae	family	belongs to Strigiformes	stated without evidence	del Hoyo et al., 2014
Strigidae	family	belongs to Strigiformes	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

104

Extant Size (PBDB)

54 (52%)

First Recorded Appearance

48.6 - 40.4 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Vision

well-developed (based on Strigiformes)

Diet

carnivore, insectivore

Reproduction

oviparous, brooding (based on Strigiformes)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Owls, Uglefamilien, Uilen, äkta Ugglor, Typical Owls, Strigidés, True Owl, Ugglor

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strigidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ieraglaucinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Striginae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Surniinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Aegolius genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Asio genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		47	4.20 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Athene genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Athene genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		51	11.1 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Bubo genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Eagle-owl	57	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Ciccaba genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Glaucidium genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Pygmy-owl	4	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Grallistrix ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Gymnoglaux genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Heteroglaux genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Jubula genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ketupa genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Lophostrix genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Margarobyas genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Mascarenotus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Megascops genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	1.81 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Micrathene genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Elf Owl	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Mimizuku genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Necrobyas ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Nesasio genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ninox genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Oraristrix ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0.30 Ma Pleistocene
Ornimegalonyx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Cuban Giant Owl	3	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Otus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Scops Owl	26	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Pisorhina genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudoscops genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pulsatrix genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pyrroglaux genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sceloglaux ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Scotopelia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Speotyto genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Strigogyps ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Strix genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		30	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Surnia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Northern Hawk Owl	7	3.20 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Syrnium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Uroglaux genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Xenoglaux genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Surnium umbrinum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1825	Strigidae Vigors
1902	Strigidae Hay p. 536
1933	Strigidae Lambrecht p. 613
1982	Strigidae Olson and James p. 37
1985	Strigidae Olson p. 130
1988	Strigidae Carroll
1989	Strigidae Alcover p. 99

Year	Name and Author
1991	Strigidae Olson and James p. 67
1992	Strigidae Guthrie p. 324
1992	Strigidae Parmalee p. 314
2006	Strigidae Walker and Dyke p. 97
2007	Strigidae Livezey and Zusi p. 93
2014	Strigidae del Hoyo et al.
2017	Strigidae Clements et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Olson S. L., James H. F. (1982) Prodromus of the fossil avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 365, 1-59

Olson S. L. (1985) The fossil record of birds, Avian Biology VIII, 79-256

Alcover J. A. (1989) Les Aus fossils de la cova de Ca Na Reia, Endins 14-15, 95-100

Olson S. L., James H. F. (1991) Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part I. Non-Passeriformes, Ornithological Monographs 45, 1-88

Guthrie D. A. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from San Miguel Island, California, Science Series (Los Angeles) 36, 319-327

Parmalee P. W. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama, Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36, 307-318

Walker C. A., Dyke G. J. (2006) New records of fossil birds of prey from the Miocene of Kenya, Historical Biology 18 2, 95-98 doi:10.1080/08912960600639434

Livezey B. C., Zusi R. L. (2007) Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 1, 1-95

del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Jirle, M. (2015) Officiella svenska namn på alla världens fågelfamiljer – Taxonomikommittén SOF/BirdLife Sverige – version 10 (11 februari 2015. ). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Gill, D. (eds.) (2015) IOC World Bird List (v 5.1). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.5.1. Online: http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Murariu, D. (2010) Systematic list of the Romanian vertebrate fauna. Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” LIII: 377–411 - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Dickinson, Edward C., ed., 2003: null. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, 3rd edition. 1039. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Alroy, J. (2015) Fossilworks. Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. Online: http://fossilworks.org - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Murariu, D. (2010) Systematic list of the Romanian vertebrate fauna. Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” LIII: 377–411 - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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