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Protopteryx ✝

Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)91348https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=91348
Rankgenus (PBDB)
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Protopteryx
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
subclassEnantiornithesWalker 1981
genusProtopteryxZhang and Zhou 2000
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Protopteryxgenusbelongs to Enantiornithesstated with evidenceZhang and Zhou, 2000
Protopteryxgenusbelongs to Protopterygidaestated without evidenceZhou and Zhang, 2006
Protopteryxgenusbelongs to Euenantiornithesstated with evidenceCau and Arduini, 2008
Protopteryxgenusbelongs to Protopterygidaestated without evidenceZhou and Wang, 2010
Protopteryxgenusbelongs to Enantiornithesstated with evidenceO'Connor and Zelenkov, 2013
Protopteryxgenusbelongs to Enantiornithesstated without evidenceO'Connor et al., 2014
Protopteryxgenusbelongs to Pygostyliastated without evidenceLefevre et al., 2014
Protopteryxgenusbelongs to Enantiornithesstated with evidenceWang and Liu, 2015
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
First Recorded Appearance130 - 125 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance129 - 122 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Theropoda)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietcarnivore (based on Coelurosauria)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)F. Zhang and Z. Zhou. 2000. A primitive enantiornithine bird and the origin of feathers. Science 290:1955-1959

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Protopteryx fengningensis ✝
species		listed (PBDB)2130 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous		129 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
2000Protopteryx Zhang and Zhou p. 1955
2006Protopteryx Zhou and Zhang p. 79
2008Protopteryx Cau and Arduini
2010Protopteryx Zhou and Wang
2013Protopteryx O'Connor and Zelenkov
2014Protopteryx Lefevre et al.
YearName and Author
2014Protopteryx O'Connor et al.
2014Protopteryx Wang et al.
2014Protopteryx Wang et al.
2014Protopteryx Zhang et al.
2015Protopteryx Wang and Liu
2015Protopteryx Wang et al.

References

Zhang F., Zhou Z. (2000) A primitive enantiornithine bird and the origin of feathers, Science 290, 1955-1959
Cau A., Arduini P. (2008) Enantiophoenix electrophyla gen. et sp. nov. (Aves, Enantiornithes) from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Lebanon and its phylogenetic relationships, Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 149 2, 293-324
Zhou Z. -H., Wang Y. (2010) Vertebrate diversity of the Jehol Biota as compared with other Lagerstätten, Science China, Earth Sciences 53 12, 1895-1907 doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4094-9
O'Connor J. K., Zelenkov N. V. (2013) The phylogenetic position of Ambiortus: comparison with other Mesozoic birds from Asia, Paleontological Journal 47 11, 1270-1281
Lefevre U., Hu D., et al (2014) A new long-tailed basal bird from the Lower Cretaceous of north-eastern China, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 113, 790-804
O'Connor J. K., Averianov A. O., et al (2014) A confuciusornithiform (Aves, Pygostylia)-like tarsometatarsus from the Early Cretaceous of Siberia and a discussion of the evolution of avian hind limb musculature, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 3, 647-656
Wang M., O'Connor J. K., et al (2014) A new robust enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous of China with scansorial adaptations, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 3, 657-671
Wang M., Zhou Z.-H., et al (2014) A new diverse enantiornithine family (Bohaiornithidae fam. nov.) from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information from two new species, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 52 1, 31-76
Zhang Y., O'Connor J., et al (2014) New information on the anatomy of the Chinese Early Cretaceous Bohaiornithidae (Aves: Enantiornithes) from a subadult specimen of Zhourornis hani, PeerJ 2, e407
Wang M., Liu D. (2015) Taxonomical reappraisal of Cathayornithidae (Aves: Enantiornithes), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2014.994087
Wang M., Zheng X., et al (2015) The oldest record of Ornithuromorpha from the Early Cretaceous of China, Nature Communications 6 6987 doi:10.1038/ncomms7987
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
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