Rakovanite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Rakovanite
Formula:
(NH4)3Na3(V10O28) · 12H2O
formerly given as Na3(H3V10O28).15H2O; later, the ammonium ion was shown to be present and essential
Colour:
Orange
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine
Hardness:
1
Specific Gravity:
2.407 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Professor John Rakovan (b. 1964), Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, for his contributions to the field of mineralogy.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
40447
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:40447:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
c806c7cd-8ed5-476b-8991-d2eb72ae9b4d
IMA Classification of Rakovanite
Classification of Rakovanite
4.HC.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
H : V[5,6] Vanadates
C : [6]-Sorovanadates
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
H : V[5,6] Vanadates
C : [6]-Sorovanadates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Rkv | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Rakovanite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Rakovanite
Sub-Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Orange
Streak:
Orange-yellow
Hardness:
1 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.407 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Rakovanite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.776(5) nβ = 1.803(5) nγ = 1.910(6)
2V:
Measured: 56° (1)
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.134
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r < v, strong, parallel
Optical Extinction:
X = b; Z ∧ c = 8° in obtuse β.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = light yellow; Y = orangish-yellow; Z = yellowish-orange.
Comments:
Absorption: Z > Y > X.
2Vz = 58(1)° [540 nm], 56(1)° [589 nm], and 53(1)° [650 nm].
2Vz = 58(1)° [540 nm], 56(1)° [589 nm], and 53(1)° [650 nm].
Chemistry of Rakovanite
Mindat Formula:
(NH4)3Na3(V10O28) · 12H2O
formerly given as Na3(H3V10O28).15H2O; later, the ammonium ion was shown to be present and essential
formerly given as Na3(H3V10O28).15H2O; later, the ammonium ion was shown to be present and essential
Crystallography of Rakovanite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.0248(17) Å, b = 17.121(3) Å, c = 18.140(3) Å
β = 106.242(8)°
β = 106.242(8)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.702 : 1 : 1.06
Unit Cell V:
3,585.55 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crystals vary in habit from blocky to prismatic on [100], commonly exhibiting steps and striations parallel to [100].
Comment:
Space group P21/n.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0018383 | Rakovanite | Kampf A R, Hughes J M, Marty J, Gunter M E, Nash B (2011) Rakovanite, Na3{H3[V10O28]}*15H2O, a new member of the pascoite family with a protonated decavanadate polyanion The Canadian Mineralogist 49 595-604 | 2011 | Synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0018393 | Rakovanite | Duraisamy T, Ramanan A, Vittal J J (2000) Novel self-assembled decavanadate clusters forming 1D molecular chains and 2D molecular arrays: [HMTA-H...H2O][HMTA-CH2OH][H3V10O28{Na(H2O)4}]*4H2O and [Na2(H2O)10] [H3V10O28 {Na(H2O)2}]*3H2O Crystal Engineering 3 237-250 | 2000 | Synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
11.270 Å | (100) |
8.709 Å | (78) |
7.696 Å | (81) |
6.892 Å | (63) |
3.445 Å | (24) |
2.935 Å | (42) |
2.798 Å | (31) |
2.433 Å | (24) |
Comments:
Slick Rock Mining District, Colorado, USA. The data are from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] | |
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins | <0.4 |
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Type Occurrence of Rakovanite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rakovanite is transparent orange, with an orange-yellow streak. Crystals of rakovanite are up to 1 mm in maximum dimension and vary in habit from blocky to prismatic on [100], commonly exhibiting steps and striations parallel to [100].
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The two cotype specimens used in the description of the mineral are housed in the mineral collection of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County under catalogue numbers 63357 and 63358.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Colorado Plateau, sandstone hosted, vanadium-uranium, role front type deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Rakovanite
Relationship of Rakovanite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Huemulite | Na4Mg(V10O28) · 24H2O | Tric. |
Hummerite | K2Mg2(V10O28) · 16H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Lasalite | Na2Mg2(V10O28) · 20H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Magnesiopascoite | Ca2Mg(V10O28) · 16H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Pascoite | Ca2Ca(V10O28) · 17H2O | Mon. 2 : B2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
4.HC. | Beckettite | Ca2V6Al6O20 |
4.HC. | Ammoniolasalite | (NH4)2Mg2(H2O)20] [V10O28] |
4.HC. | Protocaseyite | [Al4(OH)6(H2O)12][V10O28] · 8H2O |
4.HC.05 | Pascoite | Ca2Ca(V10O28) · 17H2O |
4.HC.05 | Lasalite | Na2Mg2(V10O28) · 20H2O |
4.HC.05 | Magnesiopascoite | Ca2Mg(V10O28) · 16H2O |
4.HC.05 | Hughesite | Na3Al(V10O28) · 22H2O |
4.HC.05 | Hydropascoite | Ca3(V10O28) · 24H2O |
4.HC.10 | Hummerite | K2Mg2(V10O28) · 16H2O |
4.HC.15 | Sherwoodite | Ca5.5(AlV4+V5+12O39) · 28H2O |
4.HC.20 | Bluestreakite | K4Mg2(V4+2V5+8O28) · 14H2O |
4.HC.25 | Wernerbaurite | {(NH4)2[Ca2(H2O)14](H2O)2}{V10O28} |
4.HC.25 | Burroite | Ca2(NH4)2(V10O28) · 15H2O |
4.HC.30 | Caseyite | [(V5+O2)Al10-x(OH)20-2x(H2O)18-2x]2[H2V4+V5+9O28][V5+10O28]2(Na,K,Ca)2-y(SO4)2-z · (60+8x+y+4z)H2O (x = 0-2.5; y = 0-2; z = 0-2) |
4.HC.35 | Gunterite | Na4Ca(V10O28) · 20H2O |
4.HC.40 | Kokinosite | Na2Ca2(V10O28) · 24H2O |
4.HC.45 | Nashite | Na3Ca2[(V5+9V4+)O28] · 24H2O |
4.HC.50 | Okieite | Mg3[V10O28] · 28H2O |
4.HC.55 | Postite | Mg(H2O)6Al2(OH)2(H2O)8(V10O28) · 13H2O |
4.HC.60 | Schindlerite | {(NH4)4Na2(H2O)10}{V10O28} |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Rakovanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-40447.html
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References for Rakovanite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2010, CNMNC Newsletter No 7. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (1) 27-31 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.1.27
Kampf, A. R., Hughes, J. M., Marty, J., Gunter, M. E., Nash, B. (2011) Rakovanite, Na3{H3[V10O28]}·15H2O, a new member of the pascoite family with a protonated decavanadate polyanion. The Canadian Mineralogist, 49 (2) 595-604 doi:10.3749/canmin.49.2.595
Localities for Rakovanite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| Williams et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Williams et al. (2011) +2 other references |
| Färber (n.d.) |
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Sunday Mine, Slick Rock Mining District, San Miguel County, Colorado, USA