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Rana

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Description

Rana may refer to:

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2422253	https://www.gbif.org/species/2422253
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	37481	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37481

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura : Ranidae : Rana

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Temnospondyli
-	Lissamphibia
-	Batrachia
order	Salientia	Laurenti 1768
order	Anura
-	Neobatrachia
superfamily	Ranoidea	Rafinesque 1814
family	Ranidae	Rafinesque 1814
genus	Rana	Linnæus 1758

Scientific Name

Rana Linnaeus, 1758

Name Published In

Linnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Rana	genus	belongs to Ranidae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Rana	genus	belongs to Raninae	stated without evidence	Holman, 1985
Rana	genus	belongs to Ranidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Rana	genus	belongs to Ranidae	stated without evidence	Shoshani et al., 1989
Rana	genus	belongs to Raninae	stated without evidence	Sanchiz, 1998
Rana	genus	belongs to Ranidae	implied	Böhme, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

11 (92%)

First Recorded Appearance

47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene

Environment

brackish,freshwater,terrestrial (based on Tetrapoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Temnospondyli)

Diet

carnivore (based on Temnospondyli)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Ob. Brungroda, Brown Frogs, True Frogs

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Rana aberae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana aberdariensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana abyssinica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana acanthi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana albolabris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana amieti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana amurensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana anchietae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana andamanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana angolensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana aragonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana arathooni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana arborea species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Rana arnoldi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana arvalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana asiatica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana asperata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana aurora species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana barani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana barbouri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana beddomii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana bibronii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana binotata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana bolavensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana bosci species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana boylii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana brevipalmata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana bufo species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Rana burnsi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana cacondana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana caeruleopunctata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana calchonota species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana cancrivora species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana cangyuanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana cascadae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana catesbeiana species	listed (PBDB)	American Bullfrog	16	10.3 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Rana chaochiaoensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana chapini species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana chensinensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana chevronta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana chobiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana chunganensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana clamata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana coerulea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana compotrix species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana cooperi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana coreana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana coriacea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana corrugata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana crassipes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana cryptotis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana cucae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana culaiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana cultripes species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Rana dalmatina species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Rana darlingi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana delalandii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana derooi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana desaegeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana diuata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana doriae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana draytonii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana dybowskii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana ehrenbergii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana eiffingeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana erlangeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana eschatia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana fasciata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana floweri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana formosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana fulleborni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana fuscigula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana galamensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana gigas species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana godmani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana gracilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana graeca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana grayi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana greenii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana guerreroi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana hanluica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana heinrichi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana hieroglyphica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana himalayana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana hongkongensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana huanrensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana huguettae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana hymenopus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana iberica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana indeprensa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana ingeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana iriodes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana italica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana japonica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana johnsi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana johnstoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana kandiyohi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana kangtingensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana kaulbacki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana keilingi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana khalam species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana khammonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana kl species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana kohchangae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana kosempensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana kuhlii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana kukunoris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana kunyuensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana latastei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana leithii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana lemniscata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana leonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana leptodactyla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana leytensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana lighti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana limnocharis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana loloensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana longicrus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana longirostris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana luteiventris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana maccarthyensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana macrocephala species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana macrocnemis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Rana macrodon species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana macroenemis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana macrognathus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana macroscelis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana macrotympanum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana macularia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana magna species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana malabarica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana mangischlakensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana maoershanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana martensii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana maxima species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana megalonesa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana megastoma species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana melli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana merumontana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana micrixalus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana microdisca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana microtympanum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana mitrata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana modesta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana monticola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana moodiei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana moorei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana mortenseni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana mossambica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana mulleri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana multidenticulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana muscosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana mwanzae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana nasica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana natalensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana neumanni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana nilotica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana nitida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana noblei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana nulo species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana nutti species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana obscura species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana occipitalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana omeimontis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana orba species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana ornativentris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana pachypus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana pagypus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana papillosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana parvaccola species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana phrynoderma species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana pileata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana pipiens species	listed (PBDB)	Northern Leopard Frog	36	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Rana pirica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana plioceneca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana pliocenica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Rana pretiosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana pseudodalmatina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana punctata species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Rana pygmaea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana pyrenaica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana quekettii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana raja species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana retropunctata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana rhacoda species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana rolandae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana ruwenzorica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana sakuraii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana sauteri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana schubotzi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana semipalmata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana shuchinae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana sierrae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana stenocephala species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana straeleni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana subcoerulea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana submascareniensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana suluensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana tagoi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana tasanae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana tavasensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana temporaria species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Common Frog	62	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Rana tenasserimensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana tigrina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana timorensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana torrentis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana tournieri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana trinodis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana tsushimensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana tuberculosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana tweediei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana umbraculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana upembae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana vandijki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana ventricosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana vernayi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana verrucosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana vertebralis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana vesicaria species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana viridis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana vitrea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana vittigera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana warschewitschii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana weigoldi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana wittei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana woodworthi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana yakani species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana zenkeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana zeteki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana zhengi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rana zhenhaiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Rana johnsoni La Rivers, 1953	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana johnsoni*
Rana ephippium Taylor, 1942	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana ephippium*
Leptodactylus abavus Holman, 1965	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Leptodactylus abavus*
Rana fayeae Taylor, 1942	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana fayeae*
Rana meadensis Taylor, 1942	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana meadensis*
Anchylorana moorei Taylor, 1942	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Anchylorana moorei*
Ranaria Rafinesque, 1814	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : *Ranaria*
Aurana Bauer, 1985	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : *Aurana*
Anchylorana robustocondyla Taylor, 1942	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Anchylorana robustocondyla*
Anchylorana dubita Taylor, 1942	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Anchylorana dubita*
Rana noeggerathi Meyer, 1952	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana noeggerathi*
Rana valida Taylor, 1942	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana valida*
Rana miocenica Holman, 1965	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana miocenica*
Pseudoamolops Jiang, Fei, Ye, Zeng, Zhen, Xie & Chen, 1997	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : *Pseudoamolops*
Rana parvissima Taylor, 1942	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana parvissima*
Rana rexroadensis Taylor, 1942	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana rexroadensis*
Rana bucella Holman, 1965	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana bucella*
Rana pueyoi Longinos Navás, 1922	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana pueyoi*
Rana basaltica Young, 1936	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana basaltica*
Rana meriani Meyer, 1853	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana meriani*
Rana quellembergi Longinos Navás, 1922	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Ranidae : Rana : *Rana quellembergi*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Rana Linnaeus
1853	Rana meriani Meyer
1902	Rana Hay p. 425
1922	Rana pueyoi Longinos Navás p. 52
1922	Rana quellembergi Longinos Navás p. 56
1936	Rana basaltica Young pp. 189-193 figs. fig. 1,2, pl. I
1942	Anchylorana Taylor p. 207
1942	Anchylorana moorei Taylor pp. 208-209 figs. 3a and b
1942	Anchylorana dubita Taylor pp. 209-211 figs. 4a and b
1942	Anchylorana robustocondyla Taylor pp. 211-212 fig. 1
1942	Rana fayeae Taylor pp. 212-213 figs. 4a and b
1942	Rana ephippium Taylor pp. 213-214 figs. 1a and b
1942	Rana meadensis Taylor pp. 213-214 figs. 5a and b
1942	Rana rexroadensis Taylor pp. 215-216 figs. 3a and b

Year	Name and Author
1942	Rana valida Taylor pp. 216-217 figs. 2a and b
1942	Rana parvissima Taylor p. 217 fig. 2
1952	Rana noeggerathi Meyer pp. 1-73
1953	Rana johnsoni La Rivers p. 77
1964	Rana Estes and Tihen p. 464
1965	Leptodactylus abavus Holman p. 70 fig. 1
1965	Rana miocenica Holman p. 74 fig. 2
1965	Rana bucella Holman p. 76 fig. 2
1965	Rana Lynch p. 73
1985	Rana Holman
1988	Rana Carroll
1989	Rana Shoshani et al. p. 436
1998	Rana Sanchiz
2008	Rana Böhme p. 167

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Longinos Navás R. P. (1922) Algunos Fósiles de Libros (Teruel), Boletín de la Sociedad Ibérica de Ciencias Naturales 21, 52-61

Young C. C. (1936) A Miocene fossil frog from Shantung, Geol. Soc. China, B. 15 2, 189-197

Taylor E. H. (1942) Extinct toads and frogs from the Upper Pliocene deposits of Meade County, Kansas, The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 28 10, 199-235

La Rivers I. (1953) A lower Pliocene frog from western Nevada, Journal of Paleontology 27 1, 77-81

Estes R., Tihen J. A. (1964) Lower vertebrates from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska, American Midland Naturalist 72 2, 453-472

Lynch J. D. (1965) The Pleistocene amphibians of Pit II, Arredondo, Florida, Copeia 1965 1, 72-77

Holman J. A. (1985) Herpetofauna of Ladds Quarry, National Geographic Research 1 3, 423-436

Shoshani J., Fisher D. C., et al (1989) The Shelton Mastodon Site: Multidisciplinary study of a late Pleistocene (Twocreekan) locality in Southeastern Michigan, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27 14, 393-436

Sanchiz B. (1998) Salientia, Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie 4

Böhme M. (2008) Ectothermic vertebrates (Teleostei, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Testudines, Choristodera, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Upper Oligocene of Oberleichtersbach (Northern Bavaria, Germany), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 260, 161-183

Kindvall, Oskar (2004) Lista över svenska groddjur baserad på flera källor. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Blommers-Schlösser, 1993, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Blommers-Schlösser, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10th edition. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed., 1993: Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de México, cambios taxonómicos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17. iv + 73. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Crother, Brian I., Jeff Boundy, Jonathan A. Campbell, et al. / Moriarty, John J., ed., 2000: Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. Herpetological Circular, no. 29. iv + 82. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2004: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, draft (2004). - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Crother, Brian I., Jeff Boundy, Frank T. Burbrink, et al. / Moriarty, John J., ed., 2008: Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, With Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding, Sixth Ed.. Herpetological Circular No. 37. 1-84. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Frost, Darrel R., 1997: null. Amphibian Species of the World, A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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