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Phocoenoides

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Description

Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) is a species of porpoise endemic to the North Pacific. It is the largest of porpoises and the only member of the genus Phocoenoides. The species is named after American naturalist W. H. Dall.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocoenoides, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2440683	https://www.gbif.org/species/2440683
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	63552	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63552

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Phocoenidae : Phocoenoides

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Phocoenidae : Phocoenoides

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
order	Cetacea	Brisson 1762
-	Pelagiceti	Uhen 2008
-	Neoceti	Fordyce and de Muizon 2001
suborder	Odontoceti	Flower 1867
infraorder	Delphinida	Muizon 1984
superfamily	Delphinoidea	Flower 1865
family	Phocoenidae
genus	Phocoenoides	Andrews 1911

Scientific Name

Phocoenoides Andrews, 1911

Name Published In

Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.30 p.31

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Phocoenoides	genus	subjective synonym of Phocaena	stated without evidence	Simpson, 1945
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Delphininae	stated without evidence	Scheffer and Rice, 1963
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoeninae	stated without evidence	Kasuya, 1973
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	stated without evidence	Barnes, 1977
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoenoidinae	stated without evidence	Barnes, 1984
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	stated without evidence	Jefferson, 1988
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoenoidinae	stated without evidence	de Muizon, 1988
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoenoidinae	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	stated without evidence	Rice, 1998
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoenoidinae	stated without evidence	Fordyce and de Muizon, 2001
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	stated without evidence	Mead and Brownell, 2005
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	stated with evidence	Fajardo-Mellor et al., 2006
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	stated without evidence	Agnarsson and May-Collado, 2008
Phocoenoides	genus	belongs to Phocoenidae	stated with evidence	Colpaert et al., 2015

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (100%)

First Recorded Appearance

0.01 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

marine,freshwater (based on Odontoceti)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Cetacea)

Diet

piscivore (based on Phocoenidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Odontoceti)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Cetacea)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Odontoceti)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

G. G. Simpson. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 85:1-350

Common Name(s)

Dall's Porpoise, Dall's Porpoises

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocoenoides

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Phocoenoides dalli species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Dall's Porpoise	6	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Phocaenoides Andrews, 1911	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Phocoenidae : *Phocaenoides*
Phocaenoides Winge, 1942	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Cetacea : Phocoenidae : *Phocaenoides*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1911	Phocoenoides Andrews p. 31
1963	Phocoenoides Scheffer and Rice p. 5
1973	Phocoenoides Kasuya p. 61
1977	Phocoenoides Barnes p. 323
1984	Phocoenoides Barnes
1985	Phocoenoides Barnes p. 161
1988	Phocoenoides Jefferson
1988	Phocoenoides de Muizon p. 162
1997	Phocoenoides McKenna and Bell p. 390
1998	Phocoenoides Rice p. 125
2001	Phocoenoides Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179
2005	Phocoenoides Mead and Brownell p. 736
2006	Phocaenoides Fajardo-Mellor et al. p. 927
2008	Phocoenoides Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 5
2011	Phocoenoides Geisler et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1
2015	Phocoenoides Colpaert et al. p. 9 figs. Figure 8
2016	Phocoenoides Marx et al. p. 137

Year	Name and Author
1911	Phocoenoides Andrews p. 31
1963	Phocoenoides Scheffer and Rice p. 5
1973	Phocoenoides Kasuya p. 61
1977	Phocoenoides Barnes p. 323
1984	Phocoenoides Barnes
1985	Phocoenoides Barnes p. 161
1988	Phocoenoides Jefferson
1988	Phocoenoides de Muizon p. 162
1997	Phocoenoides McKenna and Bell p. 390
1998	Phocoenoides Rice p. 125
2001	Phocoenoides Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179
2005	Phocoenoides Mead and Brownell p. 736
2006	Phocaenoides Fajardo-Mellor et al. p. 927
2008	Phocoenoides Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 5
2011	Phocoenoides Geisler et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1
2015	Phocoenoides Colpaert et al. p. 9 figs. Figure 8
2016	Phocoenoides Marx et al. p. 137

References

Simpson G. G. (1945) The principles of classification and a classification of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 85, 1-350

Scheffer V. B., Rice D. W. (1963) A list of the marine mammals of the world, United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 431, 1-12

Barnes L. G. (1977) Outline of eastern North Pacific fossil cetacean assemblages, Systematic Zoology 25 4, 321-343

Barnes L. G. (1984) Fossil odontocetes (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the Almejas Formation, Isla Cedros, Mexico, PaleoBios 42, 1-46

Barnes L. G. (1985) Evolution, taxonomy and antitropical distributions of the porpoises (Phocoenidae, Mammalia), Marine Mammal Science 1 2, 149-165

de Muizon C. (1988) Les relations phylogenetiques des Delphinida (Cetacea, Mammalia), Annales de Paleontologie 74 4, 159-227

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Rice D. W. (1998) Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution, The Society for Marine Mammalogy Special Publication 4, 1-231

Fordyce R. E., de Muizon C. (2001) Evolutionary history of the cetaceans: a review, Secondary Adaptations of Tetrapods to Life in the Water, 169-233

Mead J. G., Brownell R. L. (2005) Order Cetacea, Mammalian Species of the World, 723-743

Fajardo-Mellor L., Berta A., et al (2006) The phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of true porpoises (Mammalia: Phocoenidae) based on morphological data, Marine Mammal Science 22 4, 910-932 doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00080.x

Agnarsson I., May-Collado L. J. (2008) The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: The importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48, 964-985

Geisler J. H., McGowen M. R., et al (2011) A supermatrix analysis of genomic, morphological, and paleontological data from crown Cetacea, BMC Evolutionary Biology 11 112, 1-33

Colpaert W., Bosselaers M., et al (2015) Out of the Pacific: A second fossil porpoise from the Pliocene of the North Sea Basin, Acata Paleontologica Polonica 60 1, 1-10 doi:10.4202/app.00115.2014

Marx F. G., Lambert O., et al (2016) Cetacean Paleobiology, 1-319

Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 30, no. 4 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Mead, James G., and Robert L. Brownell, Jr. / Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: Order Cetacea. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vol. 1. 723-743. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Jefferson, Thomas A., 1988: Phocoenoides dalli. Mammalian Species, no. 319. 1-7. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Rice, Dale W., 1998: Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution. Special Publications of the Society for Marine Mammals, no. 4. ix + 231. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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