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Tomistoma

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Description

The false gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii), also known as Malayan gharial, Sunda gharial, and tomistoma, is a freshwater crocodilian native to Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, and Java. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, as the global population is estimated at fewer than 2,500 mature individuals.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomistoma, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2441377	https://www.gbif.org/species/2441377
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38460	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38460

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : Tomistoma

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Tomistoma

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
-	Pseudosuchia
-	Suchia	Krebs 1974
-	Paracrocodylomorpha	Parrish 1993
-	Loricata
-	Crocodylomorpha
suborder	Crocodyliformes	Hay 1930
-	Mesoeucrocodylia	Whetstone and Whybrow 1983
-	Neosuchia	Clark 1988
suborder	Eusuchia	Huxley 1875
-	Crocodylia
-	Brevirostres	Cuvier
superfamily	Crocodyloidea	Deraniyagala 1939
subfamily	Tomistominae	Eastman 1902
genus	Tomistoma	Müller 1846

Common Name

false gharial

Scientific Name

Tomistoma Müller, 1846

Name Published In

Arch. Naturgesch., 12 (1)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Tomistoma	genus	belongs to Crocodilidae	stated without evidence	Andrews, 1906
Tomistoma	genus	belongs to Tomistominae	stated without evidence	Mook, 1962
Tomistoma	genus	belongs to Crocodylidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Tomistoma	genus	belongs to Crocodylidae	stated without evidence	Frank and Ramus, 1996
Tomistoma	genus	belongs to Gavialidae	stated with evidence	Kraus, 1998
Tomistoma	genus	belongs to Crocodylidae	stated without evidence	Lang and Guilette, 2002
Tomistoma	genus	belongs to Tomistominae	stated with evidence	Brochu, 2004
Tomistoma	genus	belongs to Crocodyloidea	stated without evidence	Martin and Buffetaut, 2008
Tomistoma	genus	belongs to Tomistominae	stated with evidence	Jouve et al., 2008
Tomistoma	genus	belongs to Crocodyloidea	stated without evidence	Puértolas et al., 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

2 (15%)

First Recorded Appearance

47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene

Environment

marine (based on Mesoeucrocodylia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Crocodylia)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

False Gharial, False Gavial

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomistoma

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Melitosaurus champsoides ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Tomistoma borisovi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tomistoma calaritanus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	20.4 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Tomistoma champsoides ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Tomistoma coppensi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Tomistoma dowsoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	23.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Tomistoma gaudense ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Tomistoma kerunense ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Tomistoma lusitanicum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tomistoma lyceense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Tomistoma schlegelii species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Tomistoma taiwanicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Tomistoma tandoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Tomistoma cairense Müller, 1927	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : Tomistoma : *Tomistoma cairense*
Melitosaurus Owen, 1850	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : *Melitosaurus*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1846	Tomistoma Müller
1850	Melitosaurus Owen
1906	Tomistoma Andrews p. 267
1927	Tomistoma cairense Müller
1962	Tomistoma Mook p. 5
1975	Tomistoma Sahni and Mishra p. 13
1988	Tomistoma Carroll
1996	Tomistoma Frank and Ramus
1998	Tomistoma Kraus p. 389

Year	Name and Author
2002	Tomistoma Lang and Guilette p. 213
2004	Tomistoma Brochu p. 624
2006	Tomistoma Kobayashi et al.
2007	Tomistoma Brochu p. 926
2008	Tomistoma Jouve et al.
2008	Tomistoma Martin and Buffetaut
2009	Tomistoma Shan et al.
2011	Tomistoma Puértolas et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Andrews C. W. (1906) , A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt, 1-324

Mook C. C. (1962) A new species of Brachyuranochampsa (Crocodilia) from the Bridger Beds of Wyoming, American Museum Novitates 2079, 1-6

Sahni A., Mishra V. P. (1975) Lower Tertiary vertebrates from western India, Monograph of the Palaeontological Society of India 3, 1-48

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Kraus R. (1998) The cranium of Piscogavialis jugalipeforatus n. nen., n. sp. (Gavialidae, Crocodylia) from the Miocene of Peru, Palaeontologische Zeischrift 72 3/4, 389-406

Lang J. W., Guilette L. J. (2002) Crocodilians, The New Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians, 212-223

Brochu C. A. (2004) A New Late Cretaceous gavialoid crocodylian from Eastern North America and the phylogenetic relationships of thoracosaurs, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 3, 610-633 doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0610:ANLCGC]2.0.CO

Kobayashi Y., Tomida Y., et al (2006) Anatomy of a Japanese tomistomine crocodylian, Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis (Kamei et Matsumoto, 1965) from the Middle Pleistocene of Osaka prefecture: the reassessment of its phylogenetic status within Crocodylia, National Science Museum Monograph 35, 1-121

Brochu C. A. (2007) Systematics and taxonomy of Eocene tomistomine crocodylians from Britain and northern Europe, Palaeontology 50 4, 917-928

Jouve S., Bardet N., et al (2008) The oldest African crocodylomorph: phylogeny, paleobiogeography, and differential survivorship of marine reptiles through the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 2, 409-421

Martin J. E., Buffetaut E. (2008) Crocodilus affuvelensis Matheron, 1869 from the Late Cretaceous of southern France: a reassessment, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152, 567-580

Shan H.-Y., Wu X.-C., et al (2009) A new tomistomine (Crocodylia) from the Miocene of Taiwan, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, 529-555

Puértolas E., Canudo J. I., et al (2011) A new crocodylian from the late Maastrichtian of Spain: Implications for the initial radiation of crocodyloids, PLoS One 6 6, e20011:1-12 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020011

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

web search (AJR) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Arch. Naturgesch., 12 (1) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Duellman, 1982, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Duellman, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

King, F. W., and R. L. Burke, eds., 1989: null. Crocodilian, Tuatara, and Turtle Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Willis, Ray E., L. Rex McAliley, Erika D. Neeley, Llewellyn D. Densmore III, 2007: Evidence for placing the false gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii) into the family Gavialidae: Inferences from nuclear gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 43, no. 3. 787-794. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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