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Crocodylidae

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Thecachampsa sp.

Florida, USA

Thecachampsa sp.

Florida, USA

Thecachampsa sp.

Florida, USA

Description

The crocodylian family Crocodylidae includes the true crocodiles, which are the members of the subfamily Crocodylinae, as well as potentially the false gharial, the only extant member of the subfamily Tomistominae. The latter is a subject of controversy as to whether it is a crocodile or actually belongs in the family Gavialidae. Further genetic analysis has to be done to come to a final conclusion. Pending such analysis, since the 1950s classification as either Crocodylidae or Alligatoridae is currently occular-temporal based, with members of the latter generally responding 'later' while members of the former respond 'in a while'.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5685	https://www.gbif.org/species/5685
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38435	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38435

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
-	Pseudosuchia
-	Suchia	Krebs 1974
-	Paracrocodylomorpha	Parrish 1993
-	Loricata
-	Crocodylomorpha
suborder	Crocodyliformes	Hay 1930
-	Mesoeucrocodylia	Whetstone and Whybrow 1983
-	Neosuchia	Clark 1988
suborder	Eusuchia	Huxley 1875
-	Crocodylia
-	Brevirostres	Cuvier
superfamily	Crocodyloidea	Deraniyagala 1939
family	Crocodylidae	Cuvier 1807

Common Name

crocodile

Scientific Name

Crocodylidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Sauria	stated without evidence	d'Orbigny, 1849
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Emydosaurii	stated without evidence	Bonaparte, 1850
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Procoelia	stated with evidence	Cope, 1871
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Brevirostres	stated with evidence	Zittel, 1890
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Eusuchia	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Crocodili	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Eusuchia	stated without evidence	Schmidt, 1938
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Eusuchia	stated with evidence	Kuhn, 1946
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Eusuchia	stated without evidence	Huene, 1954
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Crocodilia	stated with evidence	Persson, 1960
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Eusuchia	stated without evidence	Mook, 1962
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Eusuchia	stated with evidence	Estes, 1964
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Eusuchia	stated without evidence	Estes and Berberian, 1970
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Eusuchia	implied	Carroll, 1988
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Eusuchia	stated without evidence	Holman and Case, 1988
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Crocodylia	stated without evidence	Frank and Ramus, 1996
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Eusuchia	stated without evidence	Molnar et al., 2002
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Crocodylia	stated without evidence	Brochu, 2007
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Eusuchia	stated without evidence	Laurito and Valerio, 2008
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Crocodyloidea	stated with evidence	Brochu et al., 2009
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Crocodiliformes	stated with evidence	Riff et al., 2010
Crocodylidae	family	belongs to Crocodyloidea	stated with evidence	Puértolas et al., 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

113

Extant Size (PBDB)

21 (19%)

First Recorded Appearance

156 - 145 Ma
Jurassic

Environment

marine (based on Mesoeucrocodylia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Crocodylia)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

D. E. Savage. 1951. Report on Fossil Vertebrates from the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Science 114(2955):186-187

Common Name(s)

Crocodiles, Crocodilians, Crocodile

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocodylidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Crocodylinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		377	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Euthecodontinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Mekosuchinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		66	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Osteolaeminae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		11	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Thoracosaurinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Aigialosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Aldabrachampsus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Allognathosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		136	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	37.2 Ma Eocene
Australosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Baru ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	28.4 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Bottosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	56.8 Ma Paleocene
Brachychampsa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		126	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Brachyuranochampsa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	46.2 Ma Eocene
Brochuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Centenariosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Charactosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	47.8 Ma Eocene	9.00 Ma Miocene
Crocodylus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Crocodile	305	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Culebrasuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Deinosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		21	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	5.33 Ma Miocene
Dollosuchoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Eoalligator ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Early Alligator	3	61.7 Ma Paleocene	61.7 Ma Paleocene
Euthecodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		54	23.0 Ma Miocene	1.81 Ma Pleistocene
Globidentosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	16.0 Ma Miocene	9.00 Ma Miocene
Harpacochampsa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Hassiacosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	48.6 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Kentisuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Krabisuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Leidyosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		43	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Leptorramphus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mecistops genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Mourasuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		33	23.0 Ma Miocene	9.00 Ma Miocene
Necrosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Osteolaemus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Pallimnarchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	5.33 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Penghusuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Planocrania ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	61.7 Ma Paleocene	58.7 Ma Paleocene
Procaimanoidea ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	46.2 Ma Eocene
Quinkana ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	28.4 Ma Oligocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Rimasuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Sarcosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	145 Ma Late Jurassic	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Tadzhikosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Thecachampsa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		42	59.2 Ma Paleocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Thoracosaurus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		53	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	55.8 Ma Eocene
Tienosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Tomistoma genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	False Gharial	30	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Trilophosuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Tsoabichi ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Voay ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Volia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Zhyrasuchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Crocodylia cataphractus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Oxysdonsaurus striatus Ambrosetti, 1890	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : *Oxysdonsaurus striatus*
Leptorramphus Ambrosetti, 1890	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : *Leptorramphus*
Crocodilidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodilidae
Allognathosuchidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Allognathosuchidae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1807	Crocodylidae Cuvier
1849	Crocodilidae d'Orbigny p. 205
1850	Crocodilidae Bonaparte p. 1
1871	Crocodilidae Cope p. 235
1875	Crocodilidae Cope p. 14
1890	Leptorramphus Ambrosetti
1890	Oxysdonsaurus Ambrosetti
1890	Oxysdonsaurus striatus Ambrosetti
1890	Crocodilidae Zittel p. 681
1902	Crocodylidae Hay p. 511
1904	Crocodilidae Case p. 64
1906	Crocodilidae Andrews p. 261
1908	Crocodilidae Lambe
1911	Crocodilidae Jaekel p. 164
1925	Allognathosuchidae Case p. 97
1936	Leptorramphus Patterson
1938	Crocodylidae Schmidt p. 318
1946	Crocodilidae Kuhn p. 64
1954	Crocodilidae Huene p. 55
1960	Crocodilidae Persson p. 470

Year	Name and Author
1962	Crocodilidae Mook p. 5
1964	Crocodylidae Estes p. 141
1966	Crocodylidae Kuhn p. 87
1970	Crocodylidae Estes and Berberian p. 6
1988	Crocodylidae Carroll
1988	Crocodylidae Holman and Case p. 331
1993	Crocodylidae Willis p. 90
1996	Crocodylidae Frank and Ramus
2001	Crocodylidae Peng et al. p. 32
2002	Crocodylidae Lang and Guilette p. 213
2002	Crocodylidae Molnar et al. p. 613
2002	Crocodylidae Pearson et al. p. 154
2007	Crocodylidae Brochu p. 840
2007	Crocodylidae Osi et al.
2008	Crocodylidae Laurito and Valerio p. 109
2009	Crocodylidae Brochu et al. p. 538
2010	Crocodylidae Riff et al.
2011	Crocodylidae Puértolas et al.
2018	Crocodylidae Shirley et al.

References

Savage D. E. (1951) Report on Fossil Vertebrates from the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia, Science 114 2955, 186-187

Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematum Herpetologiae et Amphibiologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the systems of reptiles and amphibians. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1

Cope E. D. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the Reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 19, 194-247

Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109

Zittel K. A. v. , Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abteilung Paleozoologie. III. Band. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) [Handbook of Paleontology. Division I. Paleozoology. Volume III. Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves)], xii-900

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Case E. C. (1904) Systematic Paleontology: Mammalia, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene: Text, 1-58

Andrews C. W. (1906) , A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt, 1-324

Lambe L. M. (1908) The Vertebrata of the Oligocene of the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 4, 1-65 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61444

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Case E. C. (1925) Note on a new species of the Eocene crocodilian Allognathosuchus, A. wartheni, Contributions from the Museum of Geology, University of Michigan 2 5, 93-97

Patterson B. (1936) Caiman latirostris from the Pleistocene of Argentina, and a Summary of South American Cenozoic Crocodilia, Herpetologica 1 2, 43-54

Schmidt K. P. (1938) New crocodilians from the upper Paleocene of western Colorado, Geological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 6 21, 315-321

Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67

Huene F. v. (1954) , Die Saurierwelt und ihre Geschichtlichen Zusammenhänge [The World of Reptiles and the History of Their Interrelationships]. 2nd, revised edition, 1-66

Persson P. O. (1960) Reptiles from the Senonian (U Cret) of Scania (S Sweden), Arkiv for Mineralogi och Geologi 2 35, 431-478

Mook C. C. (1962) A new species of Brachyuranochampsa (Crocodilia) from the Bridger Beds of Wyoming, American Museum Novitates 2079, 1-6

Estes R. (1964) Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49, 1-187

Kuhn O. W. M. (1966) , Die Reptilien. System und Stammesgeschichte [The Reptiles. Systematics and Phylogeny.], 1-154

Estes R., Berberian P. (1970) Paleoecology of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate community from Montana, Breviora 343, 1-35

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Holman J. A., Case G. R. (1988) Reptiles from the Eocene Tallahatta Formation of Alabama, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8 3, 328-333

Willis P. M. A. (1993) Trilophosuchus rackhami gen. et sp. nov., a new crocodilian from the early Miocene limestones of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13 1, 90-98

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54

Lang J. W., Guilette L. J. (2002) Crocodilians, The New Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians, 212-223

Molnar R. E., Worthy T., et al (2002) An extinct Pleistocene endemic mekosuchine crocodylian from Fiji, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22 3, 612-628

Pearson D. A., Schaefer T., et al (2002) Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota, The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Northern Great Plains: An Integrated Continental Record of the End of the Cretaceous, Geological Society of America Special Paper 361, 145-167

Brochu C. A. (2007) Morphology, relationships, and biogeographical significance of an extinct horned crocodile (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) from the Quaternary of Madagascar, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150, 835-863

Osi A., Clark J. M., et al (2007) First report on a new basal eusuchian crocodyliform with multicusped teeth from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) of Hungary, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 243 2, 169-177

Laurito C. A., Valerio A. L. (2008) The first record of Gavialosuchus americanus Sellards (1915)† (Eusuchia: Crocodylidae, Tomistominae) for the Late Tertiary of Costa Rica and Central America, Revista Geológica de América Central 39, 107-115

Riff D., Romano P. S., et al (2010) Neogene crocodile and turtle fauna in northern South America, Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution: A look into the past, 259-280

Puértolas E., Canudo J. I., et al (2011) A new crocodylian from the late Maastrichtian of Spain: Implications for the initial radiation of crocodyloids, PLoS One 6 6, e20011:1-12 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020011

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). - via World Register of Marine Species

Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed., 1993: Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de México, cambios taxonómicos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17. iv + 73. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2004: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, draft (2004). - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

King, F. W., and R. L. Burke, eds., 1989: null. Crocodilian, Tuatara, and Turtle Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

as per included genera - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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