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Butorides

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Description

Butorides is a genus of small herons. It contains three similar species, the green heron or green-backed heron, Butorides virescens, the lava heron (Butorides sundevalli), and the striated heron, Butorides striatus. A fossil species, Butorides validipes, is known from the Early Pleistocene of Florida in the United States. Butorides is from Middle English Butor "bittern" and Ancient Greek -oides, "resembling".

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butorides, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2480817	https://www.gbif.org/species/2480817
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39545	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39545

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Ardeidae : Butorides

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
-	Natatores	Baird 1858
-	Steganograllatores	Livezey and Zusi 2007
superorder	Pelecanimorphae	Huxley 1867
order	Pelecaniformes	Sharpe 1891
family	Ardeidae	Leach 1820
genus	Butorides	Blyth 1852

Scientific Name

Butorides Blyth, 1852

Name Published In

Cat. Birds Mus. As. Soc. p. 281

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Butorides	genus	belongs to Ardeidae	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Butorides	genus	belongs to Ardeidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Butorides	genus	belongs to Ardeidae	stated without evidence	Emslie, 1998
Butorides	genus	belongs to Ardeidae	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (75%)

First Recorded Appearance

4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Ardeidae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

piscivore (based on Ardeidae)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Green-backed Herons

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butorides

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Butorides crawfordi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Butorides mauritianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Butorides rogersi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Butorides spodiogaster species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Butorides striata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Striated Heron	2	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Butorides sundevalli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Butorides validipes ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	4.90 Ma Pliocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Butorides virescens species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Green Heron	7	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Toburides Mathews, 1913	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Ardeidae : *Toburides*
Oniscus Baird, Brewer & Ridgway, 1874	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Ardeidae : *Oniscus*
Ocniscus Cabanis, 1856	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Ardeidae : *Ocniscus*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1852	Butorides Blyth
1933	Butorides Lambrecht p. 317
1988	Butorides Carroll
1998	Butorides Emslie p. 26
2017	Butorides Clements et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Emslie S. D. (1998) Avian community, climate, and sea-level changes in the Plio-Pleistocene of the Florida Peninsula, Ornithological Monographs 50, 1-113

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Cat. Birds Mus. Asiat. Soc., 1849 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (eds.) (1992) Handbook of the Birds of the World - Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx Edicions. - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Brown, L.H., E.K. Urban & K. Newman. (1982). The Birds of Africa, Volume I. Academic Press, London. - via World Register of Marine Species

Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. [developed by uBio, hosted online at MBLWHOI Library]. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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