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Sterna

Description

Sterna, commonly known as Odone, is a genus of terns in the bird family Laridae. Sterna is derived from Old English "stearn" which appears in the poem The Seafarer; a similar word was used to refer to terns by the Frisians. It used to encompass most "white" terns indiscriminately, but mtDNA sequence comparisons have recently determined that this arrangement is paraphyletic. It is now restricted to the typical medium-sized white terns occurring near-globally in coastal regions.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2481227https://www.gbif.org/species/2481227
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)83370https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=83370
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae : Sterna
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
orderCharadriiformesHuxley 1867
familyLaridaeVigors 1825
genusSternaLinnæus 1758
Common Nametern
Scientific NameSterna Linnaeus, 1758
Name Published InLinnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Sternagenusbelongs to Longipennesstated without evidenceShufeldt, 1891
Sternagenusbelongs to Laridaestated without evidenceHay, 1902
Sternagenusbelongs to Sterninaestated without evidenceChandler, 1990
Sternagenusbelongs to Laridaestated without evidenceParmalee, 1992
Sternagenusbelongs to Sternidaestated without evidenceSmith, 2011
Sternagenusbelongs to Laridaestated with evidenceClements et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)8
Extant Size (PBDB)7 (88%)
First Recorded Appearance4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic
Environmentmarine (based on Charadriiformes)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietcarnivore (based on Coelurosauria)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824
Common Name(s) Typical Terns, アジサシ
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterna

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Sterna acuticauda
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna affinis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna anglica
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna aurantia
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna australis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna cerulea
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna dougallii
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna forsteri
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Foster's Tern20.13 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Sterna fuscata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna grisea
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna hirundinacea
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna hirundo
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Common Tern10.01 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Sterna macroura
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna maxima
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Royal Tern25.33 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Sterna media
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna milneedwardsi
species
listed (PBDB)
Sterna nilotica
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Gull-billed Tern15.33 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Sterna paradisaea
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Arctic Tern10.01 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Sterna poliocerca
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna repressa
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna sanctipauli
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna seena
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna striata
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
White-fronted Tern40.01 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Sterna sumatrana
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Black-naped Tern20.01 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Sterna tibetana
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna trudeaui
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna tschegrava
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna velox
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna virgata
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Sterna vittata
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Antarctic Tern10.01 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Sternia Gambel, 1849GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae : Sternia
Sternus Lesson, 1828GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae : Sternus
Terna Wood, 1835GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae : Terna

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1758Sterna Linnaeus
1891Sterna Shufeldt p. 818
1902Sterna Hay p. 525
1933Sterna Lambrecht p. 545
1975Sterna Olson p. 28
1982Sterna Olson and James p. 37
YearName and Author
1990Sterna Chandler p. 136
1992Sterna Parmalee p. 314
2001Sterna Olson and Rasmussen p. 269
2003Sterna Worthy and Grant-Mackie p. 451
2011Sterna Smith p. 30 figs. Figure 14
2017Sterna Clements et al.

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542
Shufeldt R. W. Fossil birds from the Equus Beds of Oregon, American Naturalist 25, 818-821
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024
Olson S. L. (1975) Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 23, 1-49
Olson S. L., James H. F. (1982) Prodromus of the fossil avifauna of the Hawaiian Islands, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 365, 1-59
Chandler R. M. (1990) Fossil birds of the San Diego Formation, Late Pliocene, Blancan, San Diego County, California, Ornithological Monographs 44, 73-161
Parmalee P. W. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama, Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36, 307-318
Olson S. L., Rasmussen P. C. (2001) Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 233-365
Worthy T. H., Grant-Mackie J. A. (2003) Late-Pleistocene avifaunas from Cape Wanbrow, Otago, South Island, New Zealand, Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 33 1, 427-485
Smith N. A. (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae), ZooKeys 91, 1-116
Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
web search (AJR) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10th edition. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
van der Land, J. (2001). Tetrapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 375-376 - via World Register of Marine Species
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. - via World Register of Marine Species
Jonsson, L. (1993). Vogels van Europa, Noord-Afrika en het Midden-Oosten [Birds of Europe, northern Africa and the Middle East]. Tirion: Baarn, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-5210-187-6. 560 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species
Urban, E. K.; Fry, C. H.; Keith, S. (1986). The Birds of Africa, Volume II. Academic Press, London. - via World Register of Marine Species
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Direction 17 Addition to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology of the names of fifteen genera of the class Aves, the type species of each of which was determined by Linnean tautonymy (Direction supplementary to Opinion 16).Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1C(C.8), 89-112 (1955) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology
SOF (2004) Lista över svenska fåglar bearbetad av Oskar Kindvall baserat på excelfil från SOF (http://www.sofnet.org). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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