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Laridae

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Description

Laridae is a family of seabirds in the order Charadriiformes that includes the gulls, terns and skimmers. It includes around 100 species arranged into 22 genera. They are an adaptable group of mostly aerial birds found worldwide.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laridae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	9316	https://www.gbif.org/species/9316
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39603	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39603

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Laridae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
order	Charadriiformes	Huxley 1867
family	Laridae	Vigors 1825

Common Name

gull

Scientific Name

Laridae

Name Published In

Analyse de la Nature ou Tableau de l’Univers et des Corps organisés, p. 72

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Laridae	family	belongs to Laroidea	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Laridae	family	belongs to Larolimicolae	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Laridae	family	belongs to Charadriiformes	stated without evidence	Brodkorb, 1955
Laridae	family	belongs to Charadriiformes	implied	Carroll, 1988
Laridae	family	belongs to Charadriiformes	stated without evidence	Chandler, 1990
Laridae	family	belongs to Laroidea	stated with evidence	Livezey and Zusi, 2007
Laridae	family	belongs to Charadriiformes	stated without evidence	Smith, 2011
Laridae	family	belongs to Laromorphae	stated without evidence	De Pietri et al., 2011
Laridae	family	belongs to Lari	stated without evidence	del Hoyo et al., 2014
Laridae	family	belongs to Charadriiformes	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017
Laridae	family	belongs to Perciformes	stated without evidence	Carnevale and Godfrey, 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

75 (77%)

First Recorded Appearance

33.9 - 28.1 Ma
Oligocene

Environment

marine (based on Charadriiformes)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Meeuwen, Gulls, Måkefamilien, Måsar, Måsefamilien, カモメ, Gulls, Terns, Gull, Måsfåglar, Skimmers, Terns, Becs-en-ciseaux, Goélands, Labbes, Mouettes

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laridae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Anoinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Gyginae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Larinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Rynchopinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Sterninae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Tern	7	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Anous genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		65	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Chlidonias genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Chroicocephalus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Creagrus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Feducciavis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Gaviota ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Gelochelidon genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Gygis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		51	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Halcyornis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Hydrocoloeus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Hydroprogne genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ichthyaetus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Larosterna genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Larus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		96	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Leucophaeus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Limicolavis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Limosavis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Onychoprion genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pagophila genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Phaetusa genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Procelsterna genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudosterna ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rhodostethia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Rissa genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	4.90 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Rynchops genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Sterna genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Tern	18	4.90 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Sternula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Thalasseus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Xema genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Ichthyaetus melanocephalus x Larus canus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ichthyaetus melanocephalus x Chroicocephalus ridibundus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1825	Laridae Vigors
1902	Laridae Hay p. 525
1933	Laridae Lambrecht p. 542
1955	Laridae Brodkorb p. 24
1975	Laridae Olson p. 27
1988	Laridae Carroll
1990	Laridae Chandler p. 132
1992	Laridae Baird p. 26
1992	Laridae Guthrie p. 323
1992	Laridae Parmalee p. 314
2001	Laridae Olson and Rasmussen p. 267

Year	Name and Author
2002	Laridae Warheit p. 36
2003	Laridae Gohlich p. 244
2004	Laridae Mourer-Chauviré et al. p. 310
2007	Laridae Livezey and Zusi p. 92
2007	Laridae Worthy et al. p. 23
2011	Laridae De Pietri et al. p. 814
2011	Laridae Smith p. 30 figs. Figure 14
2014	Laridae del Hoyo et al.
2017	Laridae Clements et al.
2018	Laridae Carnevale and Godfrey p. 189

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Brodkorb P. (1955) The avifauna of the Bone Valley Formation, Florida Geological Survey Report of Investigations 14, 1-57

Olson S. L. (1975) Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 23, 1-49

Chandler R. M. (1990) Fossil birds of the San Diego Formation, Late Pliocene, Blancan, San Diego County, California, Ornithological Monographs 44, 73-161

Baird R. F. (1992) Fossil avian assemblage of Pitfall Origin from Holocene sediments in Amphitheatre Cave (G-2), South-western Victoria, Australia, Records of the Australian Museum 44, 21-44

Guthrie D. A. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from San Miguel Island, California, Science Series (Los Angeles) 36, 319-327

Parmalee P. W. (1992) A late Pleistocene avifauna from northwestern Alabama, Science Series, Los Angeles Museum of Natural History, Science, and Art 36, 307-318

Olson S. L., Rasmussen P. C. (2001) Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 233-365

Warheit K. I. (2002) The seabird fossil record and the role of paleontology in understanding seabird community structure, Biology of Marine Birds

Gohlich U. B. (2003) The avifauna of the Grund Beds (Middle Miocene, Early Badenian, northern Austria), Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A 104, 237-249

Mourer-Chauviré C., Berthet D., et al (2004)

Livezey B. C., Zusi R. L. (2007) Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 1, 1-95

Worthy T. H., Tennyson A. J. D., et al (2007) Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5 1, 1-39

De Pietri V. L., Costeur L., et al (2011) A revision of the Lari (Aves, Charadriiformes) from the Early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy (Allier, France), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 4, 812-828

Smith N. A. (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae), ZooKeys 91, 1-116

del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Carnevale G., Godfrey S. J. (2018) Miocene Bony Fishes of the Calvert, Choptank, St. Marys, and Eastover Formations, Chesapeake Group, Maryland and Virginia, Smithsonian Contribution to Paleobiology, 161-212

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Harrison, P. (1985). Seabirds: an identification guide. Revised edition. Christopher Helm Publisher. A & C Black: London, UK. ISBN 0-7136-3510-X. 448 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

van der Land, J. (2001). Tetrapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 375-376 - via World Register of Marine Species

Eberhard Mey (1982) Vorkommen der Raubmöwen (Stercorariciidae), Möwen (Laridae) und Seeschwalbe(Sternidae) im Bezirk Gera - via Phthiraptera.info

Warheit,K. I. (1992) A review of the fossil seabirds from the tertiary of the North Pacific - plate-tectonics, paleoceanography, and faunal change - via Phthiraptera.info

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 1515 Laridae rafinesque Schmaltz, 1815 (Aves) and Larini Leconte, 1861 (Insecta, Coleoptera): homonymy removed.Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 45, 245-246 (1988) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Murariu, D. (2010) Systematic list of the Romanian vertebrate fauna. Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” LIII: 377–411 - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Jirle, M. (2015) Officiella svenska namn på alla världens fågelfamiljer – Taxonomikommittén SOF/BirdLife Sverige – version 10 (11 februari 2015. ). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Gill, D. (eds.) (2015) IOC World Bird List (v 5.1). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.5.1. Online: http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Murariu, D. (2010) Systematic list of the Romanian vertebrate fauna. Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” LIII: 377–411 - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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