Pygidicranidae
Description | Pygidicranidae is a family of earwigs, formerly placed in the suborder Forficulina, now in the suborder Neodermaptera. The family currently contains twelve subfamilies and twenty six genera. Eight of the subfamilies are monotypic, each containing a single genus. Of the subfamilies, both Astreptolabidinae and Burmapygiinae are extinct and known solely from fossils found in Burmese amber. Similarly Archaeosoma, Gallinympha, and Geosoma, which have not been placed into any of the subfamilies, are also known only from fossils. Living members of the family are found in Australia, South Africa, North America, and Asia. The monotypic genus Anataelia, described by Ignacio Bolivar in 1899, is found only on the Canary Islands. As with all members of Neodermaptera, pygidicranids do not have any ocelli. The typical pygidicranid bodyplan includes a small, flattened-looking body, which has a dense covering of bristly hairs (setae). The pair of cerci at the end of the abdomen are symmetrical in structure. The head is broad, with the fourth, fifth and sixth antenna segments (antennomeres) that are not transverse. In general Pygidicranids also have equally sized ventral cervical sclerites, and in having the rearmost sclerite separated from, or only touching the center of the prosternum. Cannibalism of young has been observed in at least one species in the family, Challia hongkongensis, in which an adult female was found eating a still-living nymph of the same species. The same species in a different area has been observed possibly eating fruits or seeds, making the species an omnivore. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygidicranidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source Data |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rank | family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Dermaptera : Pygidicranidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scientific Name | Pygidicranidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name Published In | Verhoeff. 1902. Über Dermapteren. 1. Aufsatz. Versuch eines neuen, natürlichen Systems auf vergleichend-morphologischer Grundlage und über den Mikrothorax der Insecten. Zoologischer Anzeiger (Zool. Anz. ) 25:181-209 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opinions (PBDB) |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taxon Size (PBDB) | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Extant Size (PBDB) | 5 (20%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First Recorded Appearance | 125 - 122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Environment | terrestrial (based on Insecta) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Motility | actively mobile (based on Arthropoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taphonomy | chitin (based on Insecta) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary Reference (PBDB) | K. W. Verhoeff. 1902. Über Dermapteren. 1. Aufsatz: Versuch eines neuen, natürlicheren Systems auf vergleichend-morphologischer Grundlage und über den Mikrothorax der Insecten. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25:181-208 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygidicranidae |
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Astreptolabidinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Burmapygiinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Echinosomatinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
Pygidicraninae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Pyragrinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
Semenoviolinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | ||||
Stonychopygiinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Acrania genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Alloblandex genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Anataelia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Archaeosoma ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
Astreptolabis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Austroblandex genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Blandex genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Brindlensia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Burmapygia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Challia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Cranopygia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Cylindopygia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
Dacnodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Echinopsalis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Echinosoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Esphalmenus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Gallinympha ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
Geosoma ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
Gracilipygia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Parablandex genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Paracranopygia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Parapsalis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pygidicrana genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
Pyragra genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pyragropsis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Robustipygia ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Stonychopygia ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
Tagalina genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Pygidiceana peruviana species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB |
Synonymy List
Year | Name and Author |
---|---|
1902 | Pygidicranidae Verhoeff |
1992 | Pygidicranidae Carpenter p. 153 |
2003 | Pygidicranidae Engel p. 116 |
2004 | Pygidicranidae Engel and Grimaldi p. 1018 |
2007 | Pygidicranidae Engel and Haas p. 4 |
2016 | Pygidicranidae Engel et al. p. 179 |