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Elopidae

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Description

The Elopidae are a family of ray-finned fish containing a single living genus Elops. They are commonly known as ladyfish, skipjacks, jack-rashes, or tenpounders.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elopidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3698	https://www.gbif.org/species/3698
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	63040	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63040

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Elopiformes : Elopidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Elopiformes : Elopidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
superclass	Actinopterygii
class	Actinopteri
subclass	Neopterygii
-	Teleosteomorpha	Arratia et al. 2004
-	Teleostei
-	Elopocephalai
-	Elopocephala
-	Elopomorpha
order	Elopiformes	Sauvage 1875
family	Elopidae	Bonaparte 1846

Scientific Name

Elopidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Elopidae	family	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated with evidence	Woodward, 1901
Elopidae	family	belongs to Isospondyli	stated without evidence	Jordan, 1921
Elopidae	family	belongs to Elopoidea	stated without evidence	Jordan, 1963
Elopidae	family	belongs to Clupeoidei	stated with evidence	Estes, 1964
Elopidae	family	belongs to Clupeoidea	stated without evidence	Casier, 1966
Elopidae	family	belongs to Elopiformes	stated without evidence	Estes and Berberian, 1970
Elopidae	family	belongs to Elopoidea	stated without evidence	Applegate, 1970
Elopidae	family	belongs to Elopoidei	stated without evidence	Thurmond and Jones, 1981
Elopidae	family	belongs to Elopiformes	stated without evidence	Peng et al., 2001
Elopidae	family	belongs to Elopiformes	stated with evidence	Betancur-R et al., 2013
Elopidae	family	belongs to Elopiformes	stated without evidence	Lin et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (4.5%)

First Recorded Appearance

156 - 151 Ma
Jurassic

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Elopiformes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Elopiformes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Peng, A. P. Russell, and D. B. Brinkman. 2001. Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide. Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25:1-54

Common Name(s)

Ladyfishes, Tenpounders, Bigeyed Herrings, Tarpons, Guinées, Machetes, カライワシ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elopidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Anaethalion ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		8	156 Ma Jurassic	112 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Ctenodentelops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Echinelops genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ectasis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Elopopsis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Elops genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	133 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Elopsomolos ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	156 Ma Jurassic	156 Ma Jurassic
Esocelops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Ichthyemidion ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Notelops ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		5	145 Ma Late Jurassic	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Osmeroides ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		3	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Palelops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Paraelops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	145 Ma Late Jurassic	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Paratarpon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Parelops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Promegalops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Protelops ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Rhacolepis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		7	145 Ma Late Jurassic	122 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Spaniodon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Thrissopater ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Thrissopteroides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1846	Elopidae Bonaparte
1901	Elopidae Woodward p. 7
1921	Elopidae Jordan p. 242
1963	Elopidae Jordan p. 617
1964	Elopidae Estes p. 48
1966	Elopidae Casier p. 117
1970	Elopidae Applegate p. 405
1970	Elopidae Estes and Berberian p. 3
1981	Elopidae Thurmond and Jones p. 88
2001	Elopidae Peng et al. p. 16
2001	Elopidae Purdy et al. p. 162
2003	Elopidae Forey et al. p. 228
2012	Elopidae Fierstine et al. p. 12
2013	Elopidae Betancur-R. et al.
2017	Elopidae Lin et al. p. 884

Year	Name and Author
1846	Elopidae Bonaparte
1901	Elopidae Woodward p. 7
1921	Elopidae Jordan p. 242
1963	Elopidae Jordan p. 617
1964	Elopidae Estes p. 48
1966	Elopidae Casier p. 117
1970	Elopidae Applegate p. 405
1970	Elopidae Estes and Berberian p. 3
1981	Elopidae Thurmond and Jones p. 88
2001	Elopidae Peng et al. p. 16
2001	Elopidae Purdy et al. p. 162
2003	Elopidae Forey et al. p. 228
2012	Elopidae Fierstine et al. p. 12
2013	Elopidae Betancur-R. et al.
2017	Elopidae Lin et al. p. 884

References

Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54

Woodward A. S. (1901) , Catalogue of Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History), Part IV, 1-636

Jordan D. S. (1921) The fish fauna of the California Tertiary, Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences 1 4, 237-298

Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816

Estes R. (1964) Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49, 1-187

Casier E. (1966) , Faune ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-510

Applegate S. P. (1970) The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama, Fieldiana: Geology Memoires 3 8, 385-433

Estes R., Berberian P. (1970) Paleoecology of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate community from Montana, Breviora 343, 1-35

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Purdy R. W., Schneider V. P., et al (2001) The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 71-202

Forey P. L., Yi L., et al (2003) Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1 4, 227-330 doi:10.1017/S147720190300107X

Fierstine H. L., Huddleston R. W., et al (2012) Catalog of the Neogene bony fishes of California: A ystematic inventory of all published accounts, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 159, 1-206

Betancur-R. R., Broughton R. E., et al (2013) The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes, PLOS Currents Tree of Life doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288

Lin C.-H., Nolf D., et al (2017) Fish otoliths from the Lutetian of the Aquitaine Basin (SW France), a breakthrough in the knowledge of the European Eocene ichthyofauna, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 15 11, 879-907 doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1246112

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Smith, D. G. / Carpenter, Kent E., and Volker H. Niem, eds., 1999: Elopidae: Tenpounders (ladyfishes). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes: The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific, vol. 3: Batoid fishes, chimaeras and Bony fishes, part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). 1619-1620. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, et al., eds., 2004: Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico, Sixth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 29. ix + 386. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Eschmeyer online (Jul 2012) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Robins, Richard C., Reeve M. Bailey, Carl E. Bond, James R. Brooker, Ernest A. Lachner, et al., 1991: Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada, Fifth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 20. 183. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Shiino, Sueo M., 1976: List of Common Names of Fishes of the World, Those Prevailing among English-speaking Nations. Science Report of Shima Marineland, no. 4. 262. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nelson, Joseph S., 1994: null. Fishes of the World, Third Edition. xvii + 600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

FishBase - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Marine Species

Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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