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Elopiformes

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Description

The Elopiformes are the order of ray-finned fish including the tarpons, tenpounders, and ladyfish, as well as a number of extinct types. They have a long fossil record, easily distinguished from other fishes by the presence of an additional set of bones in the throat.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elopiformes, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	1162	https://www.gbif.org/species/1162
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	35312	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=35312

Rank

order

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Elopiformes

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Elopiformes

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
superclass	Actinopterygii
class	Actinopteri
subclass	Neopterygii
-	Teleosteomorpha	Arratia et al. 2004
-	Teleostei
-	Elopocephalai
-	Elopocephala
-	Elopomorpha
order	Elopiformes	Sauvage 1875

Scientific Name

Elopiformes

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Elopiformes	order	belongs to Teleostei	stated without evidence	Thurmond and Jones, 1981
Elopiformes	order	belongs to Elopomorpha	stated without evidence	Fielitz and Bardack, 1992
Elopiformes	order	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated without evidence	Cvancara and Hoganson, 1993
Elopiformes	order	belongs to Osteichthyes	stated without evidence	Purdy et al., 2001
Elopiformes	order	belongs to Teleostei	stated without evidence	Peng et al., 2001
Elopiformes	order	belongs to Osteichthyes	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Elopiformes	order	belongs to Elopomorpha	stated without evidence	Forey et al., 2003
Elopiformes	order	belongs to Teleostei	stated without evidence	Fierstine et al., 2012
Elopiformes	order	belongs to Elopomorpha	stated with evidence	Betancur-R et al., 2013
Elopiformes	order	belongs to Elopomorpha	stated without evidence	Ebersole et al., 2019

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

109

Extant Size (PBDB)

9 (8.3%)

First Recorded Appearance

156 - 151 Ma
Jurassic

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile

Diet

carnivore

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Common Name(s)

Tarponachtigen, カライワシ, Tarpons, Ladyfishes And Tarpons

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elopiformes

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Elopoidei suborder	listed (PBDB)		1	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Anaethalionidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anaethaliontidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Crossognathidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Elopidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		66	156 Ma Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Eurokidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ganolytidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Megalopidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Notelopidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pachyrhizodontidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phyllodontidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)		145	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	16.0 Ma Miocene
Protelopidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Raphiosauridae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Antofagastaichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Arratiaelops genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Carsothrissops ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Chongichthys genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Coryphaenopsis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Dactylopogon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Daitingichthys genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Davichthys ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Echinelops ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Eichstaettia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Flindersichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Goulmimichthys genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lyrolepis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	38.0 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Michin genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Naiathaelon genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Opistopteryx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Ostariostoma ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		4	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pronotacanthus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Protostomias ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Tachynectes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pachyrhizodus magnus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1875	Elopiformes Sauvage
1981	Elopiformes Thurmond and Jones p. 88
1988	Elopiformes Case and Schwimmer p. 299
1992	Elopiformes Fielitz and Bardack
1993	Elopiformes Cvancara and Hoganson p. 13
1999	Elopiformes Weems p. 56
2001	Elopiformes Peng et al. p. 15
2001	Elopiformes Purdy et al. p. 162

Year	Name and Author
2002	Elopiformes Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Elopiformes Forey et al. p. 228
2006	Elopiformes Nelson
2011	Elopiformes Long p. 242
2012	Elopiformes Fierstine et al. p. 12
2013	Elopiformes Betancur-R. et al.
2019	Elopiformes Ebersole et al. p. 156

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Case G. R., Schwimmer D. R. (1988) Late Cretaceous Fish from the Blufftown Formation (Campanian) in Western Georgia, Journal of Paleontology 62 2, 290-301

Fielitz C., Bardack D. (1992) Deltaichthys albuloides, a new and unusually preserved albulid (Teleostei) probably from the Cretaceous of Texas, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12 12, 133-141

Cvancara A. M., Hoganson J. W. (1993) Vertebrates of the Cannonball Formation (Paleocene) in North and South Dakota, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13 1, 1-23

Weems R. E. (1999) Part 4. Actinopterygian Fishes from the Fisher/Sullivan Site, Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 152, 53-100

Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54

Purdy R. W., Schneider V. P., et al (2001) The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 71-202

Forey P. L., Yi L., et al (2003) Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1 4, 227-330 doi:10.1017/S147720190300107X

Nelson J. S. (2006) , Fishes of the world, 4th edition, 1-601

Long J. A. (2011) , The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution (Second Edition), 1-287

Fierstine H. L., Huddleston R. W., et al (2012) Catalog of the Neogene bony fishes of California: A ystematic inventory of all published accounts, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 159, 1-206

Betancur-R. R., Broughton R. E., et al (2013) The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes, PLOS Currents Tree of Life doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288

Ebersole J. A., Cicimurri D. J., et al (2019) Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, European Journal of Taxonomy 585, 1-274 doi:10.5852/ejt.2019.585

Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Marine Species

Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Marine Species

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nelson, Joseph S., Edwin J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, et al., eds., 2004: Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico, Sixth Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, no. 29. ix + 386. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Shiino, Sueo M., 1976: List of Common Names of Fishes of the World, Those Prevailing among English-speaking Nations. Science Report of Shima Marineland, no. 4. 262. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Nelson, Joseph S., 1994: null. Fishes of the World, Third Edition. xvii + 600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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