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Coluber constrictor

Description

The eastern racer (Coluber constrictor) is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to North America and Central America. Eleven subspecies, including the nominotypical subspecies, are recognized, which as a group are commonly referred to as the eastern racers. The species is monotypic in the genus Coluber.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)6161776https://www.gbif.org/species/6161776
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)53099https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53099
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Coluber : Coluber constrictor
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Coluber : Coluber constrictor
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
suborderOphidia
-Serpentes
infraorderAlethinophidiaNopcsa 1923
-MacrostomataRitgen 1828
superfamilyBooideaGray 1825
-CaenophidiaHoffstetter 1939
superfamilyColubroideaOppel 1811
familyColubridaeOppel 1811
subfamilyColubrinaeOppel 1811
genusColuberLinnaeus 1758
speciesColuber constrictorLinnaeus 1758
Generic NameColuber
Common Nameblack racer
Scientific NameColuber constrictor Linnaeus, 1758
Name Published InLinnaeus, Carolus, 1758: null. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 10th Edition, vol. 1. 824.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Coluber constrictorspeciesbelongs to Bascanionstated without evidenceHay, 1902
Coluber constrictorspeciesbelongs to Coluberstated without evidenceBrattstrom, 1955
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance16.0 - 13.6 Ma
Miocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Booidea)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Coluber)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. A. Holman. 1985. Herpetofauna of Ladds Quarry. National Geographic Research 1(3):423-436
Common Name(s) Eastern Racer, Racer, Culebra-corredora Constrictor
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coluber_constrictor

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Coluber constrictor anthicus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Coluber constrictor constrictor
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Coluber constrictor etheridgei
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Coluber constrictor flaviventris
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Coluber constrictor foxii
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Coluber constrictor helvigularis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Coluber constrictor latrunculus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Coluber constrictor mormon
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Coluber constrictor oaxaca
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Coluber constrictor paludicola
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Coluber constrictor priapus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Zamenis constrictor Boulenger, 1893GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Coluber : Zamenis constrictor
Bascanion constrictor BairdGBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Coluber : Bascanion constrictor
Coluber ortenburgeri Stuart, 1934GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Coluber : Coluber ortenburgeri
Coryphodon constrictor Duméril & Bibron, 1854GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Coluber : Coryphodon constrictor
Coluber constrictor constrictor Tennant & Bartlett, 2000GBIFsubspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Coluber : Coluber constrictor constrictor
Bascanium anthicum Cope, 1862GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Coluber : Bascanium anthicum

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1758Coluber constrictor Linnaeus
1902Bascanion constrictor Hay p. 480
1955Coluber constrictor Brattstrom p. 151
1985Coluber constrictor Holman

References

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Martin, Plul S. (1958) A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez Farias Region, Tamaulipas, Mexico.: Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (101): 1-102 + 7 plates - via Catalogue of Life
Meshaka, Walter E., Jr. and Pablo R. Delis (2014) Snake assemblage structures and seasonal activity patters on a military base in south-central Pennsylvania: Land Management implications for snake conservation.: The Journal of North American Herpetology 2014(1):7-20 - via Catalogue of Life
Perry, David A. (2013) Virginia Herpetological Society Survey of Back Bay NWR and False Cape State Park.: Catesbeiana 33(2): 48-61 - via Catalogue of Life
Platt, S.G. et al. (2006) A herpetofaunal survey of southwestern South Dakota with an emphasis on species of conservation concern.: Journal of Kansas Herpetology 20: 10-19 - via Catalogue of Life
Smith, Hobart M.;Bock, Carl E.;Bock, Jane H. (1993) Coluber constrictor flaviventris (Eastern yellow-belly racer). USA: Nebraska.: Herpetological Review 24 (4): 155 - via Catalogue of Life
Tennant, A. & Bartlett, R.D. (2000) Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions.: Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 588 pp. - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson,L.D. (1970) The racer Coluber constrictor (Serpentes: Colubridae) in Louisiana and eastern Texas.: Texas Journal of Science 22 (1): 67-85 - via Catalogue of Life
Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed., 1993: Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de MĂ©xico, cambios taxonĂłmicos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17. iv + 73. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758: null. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 10th Edition, vol. 1. 824. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 1201 Elapidae Boie, 1827 (Reptilia, Serpentes): ruling to stabilize nomenclature of taxa in this family (and others).Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 39(1), 21-26 (1982) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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