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Entactinosphaera ✝

Photos

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	7551323	https://www.gbif.org/species/7551323
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	125	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=125

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Entactiniidae : Entactinosphaera

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Retaria : Radiolaria : Entactinaria : Entactiniidae : Entactinosphaera

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Rhizaria
phylum	Retaria	Cavalier-Smith 1999
class	Radiolaria	Müller 1858
superorder	Polycystina
order	Entactinaria	Kozur and Mostler 1982
family	Entactiniidae	Riedel 1967
genus	Entactinosphaera	Foreman 1963

Scientific Name

Entactinosphaera Foreman, 1963

Name Published In

Micropaleontology 9

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Entactinosphaera	genus	subjective synonym of Trilonche	stated with evidence	Aitchison et al., 1999
Entactinosphaera	genus	belongs to Spumellaria	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Entactinosphaera	genus	belongs to Entactiniidae	stated with evidence	Feng et al., 2004

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

466 - 450 Ma
Ordovician

Last Recorded Appearance

209 - 201 Ma
Mesozoic

Environment

marine (based on Radiolaria)

Motility

passively mobile (based on Radiolaria)

Diet

omnivore (based on Radiolaria)

Taphonomy

silica (based on Radiolaria)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Entactinosphaera amphilaphes ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		28	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Entactinosphaera aubouini ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	260 Ma Permian	260 Ma Permian
Entactinosphaera cimelia ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	290 Ma Permian	254 Ma Permian
Entactinosphaera diplostraca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera dystactotata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera erebenna species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera esostrongyla ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Entactinosphaera euthlasta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera foremanae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera fredericki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera frederiki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera hapala species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera hystricosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera inusitata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera liquidambarfructa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera palimbola ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	345 Ma Carboniferous	345 Ma Carboniferous
Entactinosphaera polyacanthina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera riedeli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera simoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Entactinosphaera spinulata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Entactinosphaera symphypora species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera tretactinia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera triassica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Entactinosphaera variacanthina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera zapfei ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Stolbergia Kozur & Mostler, 1989	GBIF	genus	Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Entactiniidae : *Stolbergia*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1963	Entactinosphaera Foreman
1975	Thecentactinia Nazarov
1989	Stolbergia Kozur and Mostler
2001	Stolbergia De Wever et al. p. 182
2002	Belowea Sepkoski, Jr.
2002	Entactinosphaera Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Entactinosphaera Feng et al. p. 386
2014	Entactinosphaera Takahashi and Miyake p. 291
2017	Entactinosphaera Noble et al. p. 441

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

De Wever P., Dumitrica P., et al (2001) Radiolarians in the sedimentary record, London (Gordon & Breach Sc), 1-533

Feng Q., Helmcke D., et al (2004) Early Carboniferous radiolarians from north-west Thailand: paleogeographical implications, Palaeontology 47 2, 377-393

Takahashi O., Miyake Y. (2014) Radiolarians, Olenekian (Early Triassic) stratigraphy and fossil assemblages in northeastern Vietnam. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs 45, 278-294

Noble P., Aitchison J. C., et al (2017) Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, Geodiversitas 39, 419-502

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

GBIF/Marine Science Institute, UCSB: Paleobiology Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Micropaleontology 9 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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