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Entactiniidae ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	8272722	https://www.gbif.org/species/8272722
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	66441	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=66441

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Chromista : Radiozoa : Polycystina : Entactiniidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Retaria : Radiolaria : Entactinaria : Entactiniidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Rhizaria
phylum	Retaria	Cavalier-Smith 1999
class	Radiolaria	Müller 1858
superorder	Polycystina
order	Entactinaria	Kozur and Mostler 1982
family	Entactiniidae	Riedel 1967

Scientific Name

Entactiniidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Entactiniidae	family	belongs to Spumellaria	stated without evidence	Aitchison et al., 1999
Entactiniidae	family	belongs to Entactinaria	stated with evidence	De Wever et al., 2001
Entactiniidae	family	belongs to Spumellaria	stated without evidence	Wang et al., 2003
Entactiniidae	family	belongs to Entactinaria	stated with evidence	Takahashi and Miyake, 2014

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

109

First Recorded Appearance

466 - 450 Ma
Ordovician

Last Recorded Appearance

145 - 140 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

marine (based on Radiolaria)

Motility

passively mobile (based on Radiolaria)

Diet

omnivore (based on Radiolaria)

Taphonomy

silica (based on Radiolaria)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

K.-Y. Yeh and Y.-N. Cheng. 1998. Radiolarians from the Lower Jurassic of the Busuanga Island, Philippines. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science (Taiwan) 11:1-65

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Astroentactiniinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		120	279 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Entactiniinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Afanasievella ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Apophysiactinia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Astroentactinia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Borisella ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Callela ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancellosphaera ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Costaentactinia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Cubaxonium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	347 Ma Carboniferous	345 Ma Carboniferous
Duodecimentactinia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Entactinia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Entactinosphaera ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		162	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Fenestrula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	183 Ma Early Jurassic	183 Ma Early Jurassic
Gracilentactinia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hegleria ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		95	290 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Helioentactinia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5,055	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	0 Ma Extant
Holdisphaera ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Involutentactinia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Kashiwara ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		15	265 Ma Permian	254 Ma Permian
Klaengspongus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		26	254 Ma Permian	254 Ma Permian
Lententactinia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	151 Ma Late Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Magnentactinia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Magnisphaera ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Megaporus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	254 Ma Permian	254 Ma Permian
Microporosa ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Moskovistella ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Multientactinia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Munzuwonella ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Oruatemanua ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		6	252 Ma Permian	252 Ma Permian
Paracopicyntra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		134	265 Ma Permian	254 Ma Permian
Paratriposphaera ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Perforentactinia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Plenoentactinia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Plenosphaera ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Pluristratoentactinia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	347 Ma Carboniferous	254 Ma Permian
Polyedroentactinia ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Provisocyntra ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	254 Ma Permian	254 Ma Permian
Radiobisphaera ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Retentactinia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Retisphaera ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Shinkaiera ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	145 Ma Late Jurassic	145 Ma Late Jurassic
Sinosphaera ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		6	254 Ma Permian	254 Ma Permian
Spongentactinella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spongentactinia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	388 Ma Middle Devonian	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Stigmosphaerostylus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		259	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic
Stygmosphaerostylus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tardentactinia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	172 Ma Middle Jurassic	151 Ma Late Jurassic
Trilonche ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		92	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	172 Ma Middle Jurassic
Uberinterna ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	254 Ma Permian	254 Ma Permian
Wuyia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	254 Ma Permian	254 Ma Permian

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1967	Entactiniidae Riedel
1975	Spongentactiniidae Nazarov
1999	Entactiniidae Aitchison et al. p. 144
2001	Entactiniidae De Wever et al. p. 178
2001	Spongentactiniidae De Wever et al. p. 180
2003	Entactiniidae Wang et al. p. 130
2004	Entactiniidae Feng et al. p. 384
2014	Spongentactiniidae Takahashi and Miyake p. 281
2014	Entactiniidae Takahashi and Miyake p. 291
2017	Entactiniidae Noble et al. p. 438

References

Yeh K.-Y., Cheng Y.-N. (1998) Radiolarians from the Lower Jurassic of the Busuanga Island, Philippines, Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science (Taiwan) 11, 1-65

Aitchison J. C., Davis A. M., et al (1999) Lower and Middle Devonian Radiolarian Biozonation of the Gamilaroi Terrane New England Orogen, Eastern Australia, Micropaleontology 45 2, 138-162

De Wever P., Dumitrica P., et al (2001) Radiolarians in the sedimentary record, London (Gordon & Breach Sc), 1-533

Wang Y., Aitchison J. C., et al (2003) Devonian radiolarian faunas from South China, Micropaleontology 49 2, 127-145

Feng Q., Helmcke D., et al (2004) Early Carboniferous radiolarians from north-west Thailand: paleogeographical implications, Palaeontology 47 2, 377-393

Takahashi O., Miyake Y. (2014) Radiolarians, Olenekian (Early Triassic) stratigraphy and fossil assemblages in northeastern Vietnam. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs 45, 278-294

Noble P., Aitchison J. C., et al (2017) Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, Geodiversitas 39, 419-502

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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