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Enicocephalidae
| Description | Enicocephalidae, also called unique-headed bugs and gnat bugs, are a family of 130 species of the suborder heteroptera. They are typically 4 mm long, and found throughout the world. They have an elongated head, constricted in places, hence their head is 'unique'. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enicocephalidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Enicocephalidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | unique-headed bug | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific Name | Enicocephalidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 5 (23%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 130 - 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | terrestrial (based on Insecta) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Arthropoda) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | chitin (based on Insecta) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | T. D. A. Cockerell. 1917. Arthropods in Burmese amber. American Journal of Science, Series 4 44(263):360-368 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Gnat Bugs, Unique-headed Bug | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enicocephalidae |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alienatinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 4 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Disphaerocephalinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 3 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Enicocephalinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Alienates genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Boreostolus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Brevidorsus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ciucephalus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Disphaerocephalus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Enicocephalinus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Enicocephalus genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 5 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Gourlayocoris genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Henicocephalus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Henschiella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hoplitocoris genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hymenocoris genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lomagostus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Monteithostolus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nesenicocephalus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Oncylocotis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Paenicotechys ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Paralienates ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Phaenicocleus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Phthirocoris genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Phthirostenus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Proboscidopirates genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pyrenicocephalus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
| Stenopirates genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Systelloderes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Tornocrusus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Xenicocephalus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Schenchiella pauliani species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Obsolete Names
| Name | Source | Taxon Rank | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enicocephalus fulvescens Westwood, 1837 | GBIF | species | Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Enicocephalidae : Enicocephalus fulvescens |
| Henicocephalidae | GBIF | family | Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hemiptera : Henicocephalidae |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1837 | Enicocephalus nasalis Hope p. 56 |
| 1837 | Enicocephalus fulvescens Westwood p. 23 |
| 1860 | Enicocephalidae Stal |
| 1917 | Enicocephalidae Cockerell p. 361 |
| 2010 | Enicocephalidae Štys p. 456 |
| 2018 | Enicocephalidae Szwedo p. 112 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
