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Halictidae
| Description | Halictidae is the second-largest family of Apoidea bees. Halictid species occur all over the world and are usually dark-colored and often metallic in appearance. Several species are all or partly green and a few are red; a number of them have yellow markings, especially the males, which commonly have yellow faces, a pattern widespread among the various families of bees. The family is distinguished by the arcuate (strongly curved) basal vein found on the wing. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halictidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Halictidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | sweat bee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific Name | Halictidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name Published In | Opuscula Entomologica, fasc. 1, p. 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 20 (40%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 56.0 - 47.8 Ma Eocene | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | terrestrial (based on Insecta) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Arthropoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | chitin (based on Insecta) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | M. S. Engel. 2001. A monograph of the Baltic amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 259:1-192 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Halictid Bees, Sweat Bees, Sweat Bee, Smalbin, Vägbin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halictidae |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Halictinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | Sweat Bee | 27 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 0 Ma Extant |
| Rophitinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Agapostemon genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Agapostemonoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Andinaugochlora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ariphanarthra genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Augochlora genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Augochlorella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Augochlorodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Augochloropsis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Austronomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Caenaugochlora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Caenohalictus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ceblurgus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cellariella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ceratalictus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ceylalictus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chlerogas genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chlerogella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Chlerogelloides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cleptommation genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Conanthalictus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Corynura genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Corynurella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Curvinomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Cyrtapis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Dialictus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dieunomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dinagapostemon genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dufourea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Eickwortapis ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Electrolictus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Eupetersia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Evylaeus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Glossodialictus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Goeletapis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Habralictus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Halictillus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Halictoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Halictonomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Halictus genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 6 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Hoplonomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ischnomelissa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Kronolictus ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Lasioglossum genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 33.9 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Lipotriches genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Maculonomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Maynenomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Megalopta genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Megaloptidia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Megaloptilla genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Megommation genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mellitidia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mexalictus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Micralictoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Micrommation genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Microsphecodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Morawitzella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Morawitzia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Neocorynura genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Neocorynurella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nesagapostemon genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Nesosphecodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nomioides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ocymoromelitta ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 3 | 37.2 Ma Eocene | 37.2 Ma Eocene | |
| Oligochlora ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 7 | 20.4 Ma Miocene | 20.4 Ma Miocene | |
| Pachyhalictus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Paragapostemon genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Paranomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Parathrinchostoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Parathrincostoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Paroxystoglossa genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Patellapis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Penapis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pereirapis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Protodufourea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudagapostemon genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudapis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudaugochlora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ptilocleptis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ptilonomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Reepenia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhectomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhinetula genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhinocorynura genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhynchochlora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rophites genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ruizantheda genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ruizanthedella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Seladonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Spatunomia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sphecodes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sphecodosoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sphegocephala genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Steganomus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Stilbochlora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Systropha genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Temnosoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Thectochlora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Thrinchostoma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Thrincohalictus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Xenochlora genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Xeralictus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Crocisaspida chanleri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Lassioglossum villosulum species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Parashpecodes bryotrichus species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1869 | Halictidae Thomson |
| 1976 | Halictidae Zeuner and Manning p. 162 |
| 2001 | Halictidae Engel p. 36 |
| 2007 | Halictidae Sharkey |
| 2012 | Halictidae Engel et al. |
| 2018 | Halictidae Sann et al. |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
