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Neomonachus

Description

Neomonachus is a genus of earless seals, within the family Phocidae. It contains two species, the extant Hawaiian monk seal and the extinct Caribbean monk seal. Prior to 2014, all three species of monk seals were placed in the genus Monachus, but that was found to be paraphyletic.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)8552999https://www.gbif.org/species/8552999
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)311444https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=311444
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Neomonachus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)doubtful
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
-PinnipedimorphaBerta et al. 1989
-Pinnipedia
familyPhocidaeGray 1821
subfamilyMonachinaeTrouessart 1897
genusNeomonachusSlater & Helgen 2014
Common NameHawaiian monk seal
Scientific NameNeomonachus Slater & Helgen, 2014
Name Published InScheel, Dirk-Martin, Graham J. Slater, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, Charles W. Potter, David S. Rotstein, Kyriakos Tsangaras, Alex D. Greenwood & Kristofer M. Helgen. 2014. Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Neomonachusgenusbelongs to Monachinaestated with evidenceScheel et al., 2014
Neomonachusgenusbelongs to Monachinistated without evidenceBerta et al., 2018
Neomonachusgenusbelongs to Monachinaestated without evidenceKienle and Berta, 2019
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)3
Extant Size (PBDB)2 (67%)
First Recorded Appearance2.59 - 0.30 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentmarine (based on Pinnipedia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietpiscivore, carnivore (based on Phocidae)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Ontogenymodification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha)
Primary Reference (PBDB)D.-M. Scheel, G. J. Slater, and S.-O. Kolokotronis, C. W. Potter, D. S. Rotstein, K. Tsangaras, A. D. Greenwood, K. M. Helgen. 2014. Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys (409):1-33
Common Name(s) Hawaiian Monk Seal
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neomonachus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Neomonachus schauinslandi
species
listed (PBDB)Hawaiian Monk Seal50.01 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Neomonachus tropicalis
species
listed (PBDB)942.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0.01 Ma
Pleistocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
2014Neomonachus Scheel et al.
2018Neomonachus Berta et al. p. 210
2019Neomonachus Kienle and Berta

References

Scheel D.-M., Slater G. J., et al (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology, ZooKeys 409, 1-33 doi:10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Berta A., Churchill M., et al (2018) The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, 203-228 doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009
Kienle S. S., Berta A. (2019) The evolution of feeding strategies in phocid seals (Pinnipedia, Phocidae), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1559172
inferred from original work (title) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
inferred from original work (title)/web search (AJR) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
refer original publication - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
www.organismnames.com (Mar 2015) / web search - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
ZooKeys 409: -. [1-33] - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Article title: Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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