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Bootherium

Description

Bootherium is an extinct bovid genus from the middle to late Pleistocene of North America which contains a single species, Bootherium bombifrons. Vernacular names for Bootherium include Harlan's muskox, woodox, woodland muskox, helmeted muskox, or bonnet-headed muskox. Bootherium was one of the most widely distributed muskox species in North America during the Pleistocene era.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)8563587https://www.gbif.org/species/8563587
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)42752https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42752
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bootherium
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bootherium
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
orderUngulata
orderArtiodactylaOwen 1848
-RuminantiamorphaSpaulding et al. 2009
-Ruminantia
-Pecora
familyBovidaeGray 1821
genusBootheriumHarlan 1825
Scientific NameBootherium Harlan, 1825
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Bootheriumgenusbelongs to Bovidaestated without evidenceHarlan, 1825
Bootheriumgenusbelongs to Caprinaestated without evidenceKurten and Anderson, 1980
Bootheriumgenusbelongs to BovidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Bootheriumgenusbelongs to Bovidaestated without evidenceAlbright et al., 2019
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)2
First Recorded Appearance2.59 - 0.78 Ma
Pleistocene
Last Recorded Appearance0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Artiodactyla)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietgrazer, browser (based on Bovidae)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Bovidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals.
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootherium

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Bos bombifrons
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
382.59 Ma
Pleistocene
0.13 Ma
Pleistocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1825Bootherium Harlan
1905Symbos Osgood
1967Bootherium Wilson p. 221
1967Symbos Wilson p. 221
1980Symbos Kurten and Anderson p. 332
1980Bootherium Kurten and Anderson p. 334
1988Bootherium Carroll
2019Bootherium Albright et al. p. 189

References

Alroy J. (2002) Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals
Wilson R. L. (1967) The Pleistocene vertebrates of Michigan, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 52, 197-234
Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Albright L. B., Sanders A. E., et al (2019) Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A. and additions to the fauna, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 57 2, 77-236
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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