Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Palaeodictyoptera ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Description

The Palaeodictyoptera are an extinct order of medium-sized to very large, primitive Palaeozoic paleopterous insects.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeodictyoptera, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	9713210	https://www.gbif.org/species/9713210
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	125754	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=125754

Rank

order

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Palaeodictyoptera

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885
-	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
superorder	Palaeodictyopterida
order	Palaeodictyoptera	Goldenberg 1877

Scientific Name

Palaeodictyoptera

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Palaeodictyoptera	order	belongs to Pterygogenea	stated with evidence	Handlirsch, 1906
Palaeodictyoptera	order	belongs to Palaeoptera	stated with evidence	Martynov, 1928
Palaeodictyoptera	order	belongs to Palaeoptera	stated without evidence	Brauckmann and Gröning, 1996
Palaeodictyoptera	order	belongs to Insecta	stated without evidence	Atkinson, 2005
Palaeodictyoptera	order	belongs to Palaeodictyopterida	stated with evidence	Grimaldi and Engel, 2005

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

486

First Recorded Appearance

326 - 318 Ma
Carboniferous

Last Recorded Appearance

260 - 254 Ma
Permian

Environment

terrestrial (based on Insecta)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arthropoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Insecta)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

F. Goldenberg. 1877. Fauna Saraepontana Fossilis. Die Fossilen Thiere aus der Steinkohlenformation von Saarbrücken, IItes Heft

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeodictyoptera

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Dictyoneurina ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)		83	318 Ma Carboniferous	260 Ma Permian
Frankenholziina ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)		3	299 Ma Carboniferous	296 Ma Permian
Neopalaeodictyoptera ✝ suborder	listed (PBDB)
Breyerioidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)		29	318 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Eugereonoidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)		50	318 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Spilapteroidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)		61	326 Ma Carboniferous	279 Ma Permian
Archaemegaptilidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	318 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Breyeriidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		28	318 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Calvertiellidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	315 Ma Carboniferous	260 Ma Permian
Cryptovenidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Diathemidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	279 Ma Permian	279 Ma Permian
Dictyoneuridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		67	318 Ma Carboniferous	290 Ma Permian
Elmoboriidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	296 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Eubleptidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Eugereonidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	315 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Eukulojidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	279 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Fouqueidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	311 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Frankenholziidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Graphiptilidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	318 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Hanidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	299 Ma Carboniferous	296 Ma Permian
Homoiopteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		30	318 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Homothetidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Jongmansiidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	318 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Lithomanteidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	318 Ma Carboniferous	303 Ma Carboniferous
Lithomantidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lycocercidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	311 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Mecynostomatidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Megaptilidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Mongolianidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mongolodictyidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Namuroningxiidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Permoneuridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	290 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Permothemidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Permothemistidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	279 Ma Permian	272 Ma Permian
Polycreagridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Protagrionidae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Psychroptilidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Rectineuridae family	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spilapteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		54	326 Ma Carboniferous	279 Ma Permian
Straeleniellidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Synarmogidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	315 Ma Carboniferous	307 Ma Carboniferous
Tchirkovaeidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	307 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Achaeoptilus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Aenigmatopsis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Althansia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Anagesthes ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Anthracosta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Archaeoptilites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Archaeoptilus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Asiodictya ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Bathytaptus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Bojoptera ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Boltonocosta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Breyeriodes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Brongniartites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Brongniartula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Campteroneura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Commentryites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Compsoneura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Delafondia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	305 Ma Carboniferous	305 Ma Carboniferous
Diexodus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Dyscritus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dyscritus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Eumecoptera ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Eurydictyella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Eurytaenia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Eurythmopteryx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Frankenholzia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Gegenemene ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Gerephemera ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Haplophlebium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Heolus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Hypermegethes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	315 Ma Carboniferous	307 Ma Carboniferous
Idoptilus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Kansasia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	290 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Kemperala ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Kochopteron ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Leipsanon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Lithentomum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Litoneura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Mammia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Mecynoptera ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Mecynostomites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Merlebachia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Metropator ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Metropatorites ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Monsteropterum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Orthogonophora ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Palaiotaptus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Palapteris ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Paolia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	318 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Paraboltonia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Parahaplophlebium ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Paramecynostoma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Paramegaptilus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Parapaolia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Platephemera ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Progonopteryx ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Propalingenia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Pseudofouquea ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Pseudohomothetus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Pseudomecynostoma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Pseudopalingenia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Pseudopaolia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Pteronidia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Pyebrodia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	315 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Rectineura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Rochdalia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Saarlandia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Sabitaptus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Schedoneura ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Scudderiana ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Scudderina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Severinopsis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Severinula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	318 Ma Carboniferous	318 Ma Carboniferous
Sherborniella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Synaptoneura ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	315 Ma Carboniferous	315 Ma Carboniferous
Synaptoneura genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sypharoptera ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous
Titanodictya ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	315 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Titanophasma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	304 Ma Carboniferous	304 Ma Carboniferous
Titanoptera genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Turnbullia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	311 Ma Carboniferous	311 Ma Carboniferous

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Pteronidiidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Palaeodictyoptera : Pteronidiidae
Mecynopteridae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Palaeodictyoptera : Mecynopteridae
Heolidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Palaeodictyoptera : Heolidae
Kansasiidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Palaeodictyoptera : Kansasiidae
Pteronidiae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Palaeodictyoptera : Pteronidiae
Saarlandiidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Palaeodictyoptera : Saarlandiidae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1877	Palaeodictyoptera Goldenberg p. 8
1877	Termitidium amissum Goldenberg p. 17 figs. Pl 1, fig 6
1904	Mecynopteridae Handlirsch p. 7
1906	Dictyoneurida Handlirsch
1906	Palaeodictyoptera Handlirsch p. 61
1906	Dictyoneura amissa Handlirsch p. 78 figs. Pl X fig 5
1906	Dictyoneura macrophlebia Handlirsch p. 78 figs. Pl 10, fig 6
1906	Mecynopteridae Handlirsch p. 82
1906	Heolidae Handlirsch p. 94
1906	Protohemiptera Handlirsch p. 387
1906	Heolidae Handlirsch p. 677
1913	Dictyoneura amissa von Schlechtendal p. 128 figs. Pl 10, fig 2
1913	Dictyoneura macrophlebica von Schlechtendal p. 129 figs. Pl 10, fig 1
1916	Spilaptera sutcliffei Bolton p. 53 figs. Pl 4, fig 1
1919	Mecynopteridae Handlirsch p. 524
1919	Pteronidiidae Handlirsch p. 524
1919	Heolidae Handlirsch p. 527
1921	Pteronidiidae Bolton
1921	Spilaptera sutcliffei Bolton p. 54 figs. 14; Pl III fig 3
1922	Mecynopteridae Handlirsch p. 35

Year	Name and Author
1922	Pteronidiidae Handlirsch p. 35
1922	Heolidae Handlirsch p. 42
1922	Spilapterites Handlirsch p. 57
1922	Spilapterites sutcliffei Handlirsch p. 57
1928	Palaeodictyoptera Martynov p. 4
1930	Saarlandiidae Guthörl p. 154
1930	Mecynopteridae Pruvost p. 147
1932	Archodonata Martynov
1934	Saarlandiidae Guthörl p. 85
1937	Protohemiptera McKeown p. 31
1946	Hemiodonata Zalessky p. 63
1954	Kansasiidae Demoulin p. 334
1976	Neosecoptera Riek p. 230
1981	Dictyoneurida Sinitshenkova p. 121
1992	Palaeodictyoptera Carpenter p. 26
1996	Palaeodictyoptera Brauckmann and Gröning
2005	Palaeodictyoptera Atkinson
2005	Palaeodictyoptera Grimaldi and Engel
2007	Palaeodictyoptera Bechly

References

Goldenberg F. , Fauna Saraepontana Fossilis. Die Fossilen Thiere aus der Steinkohlenformation von Saarbrücken, IItes Heft, 1-54

Handlirsch A. (1904) Les insectes houillers de la Belgique, Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 3, 1-20

Handlirsch A. (1906) Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der Rezenten Formen, parts I-IV, Ein Handbuch fur Palaontologen und Zoologen, 1-640

Handlirsch A. (1906) Revision of American Paleozoic insects, Proceedings of the United States National Museum 29 1441, 661-820

von Schlechtendal D. (1913) Untersuchung über die karbonischen Insekten und Spinnen von Wettin unter Berücksichtigung verwandter Faunen. Erster Teil: Revision der Originale von Germar, Giebel und Goldenberg, Nova Acta. Abhandlungen Der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Deutschen Akademie Der Naturforscher 98, 1-186

Bolton H. (1916) On some insects from the British coal measures, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 72, 43-62

Handlirsch A. (1919) Revision der Paläozoischen Insekten, Denkschriften der Akademie Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 96, 511-592

Bolton H. (1921) , A Monograph of the Fossil Insects of the British Coal Measures, 1-80

Handlirsch A. (1922) Insecta Palaeozoica, Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia 16, 1-230

Martynov A. V. (1928) Permian fossil Insects of North-East Europe, Travaux du Musée Géologique prés l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS 4, 1-118

Guthörl P. (1930) Neue Insektenfunde aus dem Saarcarbon, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, Abteilung B 64, 147-164

Pruvost P. (1930) La faune continentale du terrain houiller de la Belgique, Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 44, 105-282

Martynov A. V. (1932) New Permian Palaeoptera with the discussion of some problems of their evolution, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 1, 1-44

Guthörl P. (1934) Die Arthropoden aus dem Carbon und Perm des Saar-Nahe-Pfalz-Gebietes, Im Vertrieb bei der Preußischen Geologischen Landesanstalt 44 4, 1-279

McKeown K. C. (1937) New fossil insect wings (Protohemiptera, family Mesotitanidae), Records of the Australian Museum 20 1, 31-37

Zalessky G. (1946) Sur un représentant d'un nouveau ordre des Hemiodonates de Permien de l'Oural, Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes de Moscou, Serie Biologique 51, 63-70

Riek E. F. (1976) Neosecoptera, a new insect suborder based on specimen discovered in the late Carboniferous of Tasmania, Alcheringa 1, 227-234

Sinitshenkova N. D. (1981) A new species of the Tchirkovaeidae (Insecta, Dictyoneurida) from the Upper Carboniferous of the Tunguska Basin, Paleontological Journal 15 1, 121-123

Carpenter F. M. (1992) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4, 1-655

Brauckmann C., Gröning E. (1996) Ein neuer ober-karbonischer Insekten-Flügel aus Süd-Limburg (Palaeodictyoptera: Breyeriidae, Westfalium, Niederlande), Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte 1996 2, 72-82

Atkinson T. P. (2005) Arthropod body fossils from the Union Chapel Mine, Pennsylvanian Footprints in the Black Warrior Basin of Alabama

Grimaldi D., Engel M. S. (2005) , Evolution of the Insects, 1-772

Bechly G. (2007) , Phylogenetic Systematics of Odonata

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop Fossil Distribution Subtaxa Obsolete Names Synonymy List References

Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 29, 2024 13:06:29

Go to top of page