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Urea

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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02363430014950542297880.jpg
Urea

Planet Mine, Planet Mine group, Planet, Santa Maria Mining District, Buckskin Mountains, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
02363430014950542297880.jpg
Urea

Planet Mine, Planet Mine group, Planet, Santa Maria Mining District, Buckskin Mountains, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
02363430014950542297880.jpg
Urea

Planet Mine, Planet Mine group, Planet, Santa Maria Mining District, Buckskin Mountains, La Paz County, Arizona, USA
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About UreaHide

Formula:
CO(NH2)2
Colour:
Colourless, pale yellow, pale brown
Specific Gravity:
1.33
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
The name is the common trivial name of this compound (derived from Greek "oura", urine). The systematic name is carbonic acid diamide.
Derived from bat guano and urine, stable only under very arid conditions.

Chemically identical to an organic compound (an amide) of the identical name.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
4117
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4117:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
ffd861ca-409c-427b-b7d9-7786bbb6650a

IMA Classification of UreaHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Approval year:
1972
First published:
1973

Classification of UreaHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
10.CA.35

10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
C : Miscellaneous Organic Minerals
A : Miscellaneous Organic Minerals
Dana 8th ed.:
50.4.6.1

50 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
4 : Miscellaneous
Hey's CIM Ref.:
32.13

32 : Hydrocarbons, Resins and other Organic Compounds

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
UrIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of UreaHide

Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, pale yellow, pale brown
Streak:
yellowish white
Density:
1.33 g/cm3 (Measured)    
Comment:
Sink- float method in Nujol and α-bromonaphthalene.

Optical Data of UreaHide

Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.484 nε = 1.603
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.119
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low

Chemistry of UreaHide

Mindat Formula:
CO(NH2)2
Elements listed:
C, H, N, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of UreaHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4 2m - Scalenohedral
Space Group:
P4 21m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.646(1) Å, c = 4.701(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.833
Unit Cell V:
149.86 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0016652UreaWorsham J, Levy H, Peterson S (1957) The positions of hydrogen atoms in urea by neutron diffraction _cod_database_code 1008776 Acta Crystallographica 10 319-32319570293
0020672UreaSwaminathan S, Craven B M (1984) The crystal structure and molecular thermal motion of urea at 12, 60 and 123 K from neutron diffraction Acta Crystallographica B40 300-3061984synthetic0123
0020673UreaSwaminathan S, Craven B M (1984) The crystal structure and molecular thermal motion of urea at 12, 60 and 123 K from neutron diffraction Acta Crystallographica B40 300-3061984synthetic060
0020674UreaSwaminathan S, Craven B M (1984) The crystal structure and molecular thermal motion of urea at 12, 60 and 123 K from neutron diffraction Acta Crystallographica B40 300-3061984synthetic012
0010831UreaGuth H, Heger G, Klein S, Treutmann W, Scheringer C (1980) Strukturverfeinerung von harnstoff mit neutronenbeugungsdaten bei 60, 123, 293 K und X-N- und X-X (1s2)-synthesen bei etwa 100 K Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 153 237-25419800293
0010832UreaGuth H, Heger G, Klein S, Treutmann W, Scheringer C (1980) Strukturverfeinerung von harnstoff mit neutronenbeugungsdaten bei 60, 123, 293 K und X-N- und X-X (1s2)-synthesen bei etwa 100 K Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 153 237-25419800293
0010833UreaGuth H, Heger G, Klein S, Treutmann W, Scheringer C (1980) Strukturverfeinerung von harnstoff mit neutronenbeugungsdaten bei 60, 123, 293 K und X-N- und X-X (1s2)-synthesen bei etwa 100 K Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 153 237-25419800293
0010834UreaGuth H, Heger G, Klein S, Treutmann W, Scheringer C (1980) Strukturverfeinerung von harnstoff mit neutronenbeugungsdaten bei 60, 123, 293 K und X-N- und X-X (1s2)-synthesen bei etwa 100 K Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 153 237-25419800293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44)<0.54
52 : Guano- and urine-derived minerals<0.4

Type Occurrence of UreaHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Toppin Hill, Lake Rason, Laverton Shire, Western Australia, Australia
General Appearance of Type Material:
Damp incoherent mass of crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Western Australia Museum, Perth, Australia, S4688.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Cave guano from warm arid environment.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
WeddellitePhosphammiteAphthitalite

Synonyms of UreaHide

Other Language Names for UreaHide

German:Harnstoff

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

10.CA.Tholins(C,H,N)
10.CA.NatrosulfatoureaNa2(SO4)[CO(NH2)2]Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
10.CA.AllantoinC4H6N4O3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
10.CA.BojariteCu3(N3C2H2)3(OH)Cl2 · 6H2OIso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
10.CA.05RefikiteC20H32O2Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 2
10.CA.10FlagstaffiteC10H22O3Orth. mm2 : Fdd2
10.CA.15HoeliteC14H8O2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
10.CA.20AbelsoniteNi(C31H32N4)Tric. 1 : P1
10.CA.25KladnoiteC6H4(CO)2NHMon. 2/m
10.CA.30GuanineC5H5N5OMon. 2/m : P21/b
10.CA.30Tinnunculite (of Chesnokov & Shcherbakova)C10H12N8O8Orth.
10.CA.40UriciteC5H4N4O3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
10.CA.45ChanabayaiteCuCl(N3C2H2)(NH3) · 0.25H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
10.CA.50TriazoliteNaCu2(N3C2H2)2(NH3)2Cl3 · 4H2OOrth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
10.CA.55ErnstburkeiteMg(CH3SO3)2 · 12H2O Trig. 3 : R3
10.CA.60JoanneumiteCu(C3N3O3H2)2(NH3)2Tric. 1 : P1
10.CA.65TinnunculiteC5H4N4O3 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
10.CA.70DoppleriteAmor.

Other InformationHide

Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Stable only under very arid conditions.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for UreaHide

References for UreaHide

Localities for UreaHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia (TL)
 
  • Western Australia
    • Laverton Shire
      • Lake Rason
Bridge (1973)
Egypt
 
  • Luxor Governorate
    • Karnak complex
Mahmoud et al. (2022)
Iran
 
  • Kurdistan Province
    • Divandarreh County
Amin et al. (2022)
Saudi Arabia
 
  • Mecca Region
Saudi Geological Survey Open-File ... +1 other reference
United Arab Emirates
 
  • Emirate of Fujairah
Audra et al. (2017)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • La Paz County
      • Buckskin Mountains
        • Santa Maria Mining District (Planet Mining District; Swansea Mining District; Bill Williams Mining District)
          • Planet
A.R. Kampf
    • Maricopa County
      • Painted Rock Mountains
        • Painted Rock Mining District
          • Theba
            • Rowley Mine
Kampf et al. (2019)
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