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Punchbowl, California, USA

Formation	Punchbowl
Member(s)	Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 5
Age:	13.6 - 10.3 Ma Miocene
Interval	Clarendonian
Lithology	sandstone
Number of Collections	5
Number of Occurrences	15

Recorded Sample Locations

Location	Region	Stratigraphic Name
Black Butte Mine	San Bernardino County, California, USA	Punchbowl - Unit 5
Devil's Punchbowl	Los Angeles County, California, USA	Punchbowl
UCR RV-7515	San Diego County, California, USA	Punchbowl
LACM 7502	Los Angeles County, California, USA	Punchbowl

Associated Units

Stratigraphic Name	Age	Lithology	Occurrence Records
Avawatz	13.6 - 10.3 Ma Miocene		20
Barstow	23.0 - 5.33 Ma Miocene		1
Barstow - Lower	16.0 - 13.6 Ma Miocene		13
Barstow - lower Middle	16.0 - 13.6 Ma Miocene		12
Barstow - Middle	16.0 - 13.6 Ma Miocene		116
Barstow - Middle Upper	16.0 - 13.6 Ma Miocene		9
Barstow - Owl Conglomerate	16.0 - 13.6 Ma Miocene		5
Barstow - Upper	16.0 - 13.6 Ma Miocene	mudstone	288
Bedrock Spring - lower	10.3 - 4.90 Ma Neogene		14
Cajon Valley Beds - Unit 3	23.0 - 5.33 Ma Miocene		1
Cajon Valley Beds - Unit 5	23.0 - 5.33 Ma Miocene		11
Cajon Valley Beds - Unit 6	23.0 - 5.33 Ma Miocene		3
Cajon Valley Beds - Unit Tcv3	23.0 - 5.33 Ma Miocene		2
Crowder	23.0 - 5.33 Ma Miocene		8
Crowder - lower Unit 3	23.0 - 5.33 Ma Miocene		9
Crowder - top of Unit 3	23.0 - 5.33 Ma Miocene		9
Crowder - upper Unit 1	16.0 - 13.6 Ma Miocene		24
Harold	1.80 - 0.30 Ma Pleistocene		1
Hector	23.0 - 5.33 Ma Miocene		18
Manix	0.13 - 0.01 Ma Pleistocene		64
Palos Verdes Sand	0.13 - 0.01 Ma Pleistocene	sandstone, gravel	314
Puente - upper shale	23.0 - 5.33 Ma Miocene		1
Punchbowl - Unit 2	20.4 - 13.6 Ma Miocene		1
Punchbowl - Unit 3	20.4 - 13.6 Ma Miocene		30
Punchbowl - Unit 5	20.4 - 13.6 Ma Miocene		26
San Pedro - Timms Point	1.80 - 0.30 Ma Pleistocene	siltstone	3
Topanga Canyon	16.0 - 5.33 Ma Miocene	siliciclastic, sandstone	3

Recorded Fossils

Accepted Name	Type	Hierarchy	Age
Antilocapridae family	5	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Antilocapridae	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Plioceros sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Antilocapridae : *Plioceros*	13.6 - 10.3 Ma Miocene
Aepycamelus alexandrae species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Camelidae : Aepycamelus : *Aepycamelus alexandrae*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Camelidae family	5	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Camelidae	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Parablastomeryx scotti species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hypertragulidae : Pseudoparablastomeryx : *Parablastomeryx scotti*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Brachycrus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : *Brachycrus*	15.97 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Brachycrus buwaldi species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae : Brachycrus : *Brachycrus buwaldi*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Merycoidodontidae family	5	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Merycoidodontidae	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Blastomerycinae subfamily	5.3	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Moschidae : Blastomerycinae	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Bouromeryx americanus species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Palaeomerycidae : Bouromeryx : *Bouromeryx americanus*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Dyseohyus fricki species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae : Dyseohyus : *Dyseohyus fricki*	15.97 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Tayassuidae family	5	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Tayassuinae subfamily	5.3	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tayassuidae : Tayassuinae	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Borophagus secundus species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Borophagus : *Borophagus secundus*	13.6 - 10.3 Ma Miocene
Leptarctus ancipidens species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Leptarctus : *Leptarctus ancipidens*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Plionictis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Plionictis*	13.6 - 10.3 Ma Miocene
Archaeohippus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : *Archaeohippus*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Archaeohippus mourningi species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Archaeohippus : *Archaeohippus mourningi*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Cormohipparion sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : *Cormohipparion*	13.6 - 10.3 Ma Miocene
Equinae subfamily	5.3	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hippodon : Equinae	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Equini tribe	5.5	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equini	13.6 - 10.3 Ma Miocene
Hipparionini tribe	5.5	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hipparionini	13.6 - 10.3 Ma Miocene
Parapliohippus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : *Parapliohippus*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Merychippus carrizoensis species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parapliohippus : *Merychippus carrizoensis*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Pliohippus tehonensis species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Pliohippus : *Pliohippus tehonensis*	13.6 - 10.3 Ma Miocene
Merychippus intermontanus species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Scaphohippus : *Merychippus intermontanus*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Scaphohippus sumani species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Scaphohippus : *Scaphohippus sumani*	15.97 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Rhinocerotidae family	5	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Petauristodon sp. genus	6	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : *Petauristodon*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Sciuridae family	5	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene
Gopherus depressus species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Gopherus : *Gopherus depressus*	20.43 - 13.6 Ma Miocene

References

Des Lauriers J. R. (1965) A new Miocene tortoise from southern California, Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 64, 1-10

Woodburne M. O., Golz D. J. (1972) Stratigraphy of the Punchbowl Formation, Cajon Valley, southern California, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 92, 1-72

Wagner H. M., Reynolds R. E. (1983) Leptarctus ancipidens (White) (Carnivora: Mammalia) from the Punchbowl Formation, Cajon Pass, California, Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 82 3, 131-137

Alroy J. (2002) Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals

Liter M., Prothero D. (2003) New dromomerycids (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from the middle Miocene Sharktooth Hill Bonebed, California, and the systematics of the cranioceratinins, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23 3, 72A

Woodburne M. O. (2005) A new occurrence of Cormohipparion, with implications for the Old World Hippotherium Datum, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 1, 256-257 doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0256:ANOOCW]2.0.CO;2

Pagnac D. (2006) Scaphohippus, a new genus of horse (Mammalia: Equidae) from the Barstow Formation of California, Journal of Mammalian Evolution 13 1, 37-61 doi:10.1007/s10914-005-9002-2

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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