Brendelite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Brendelite
Christian Friedrich Brendel
Formula:
(Bi3+,Pb)2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(PO4)O2(OH)
Colour:
dark brown, black
Lustre:
Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
6.83 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for Christian Friedrich Brendel (26 December 1776 in Neustädtel - 20 November 1861 in Freiberg), mining Director at Schneeberg-Neustädtel, in recognition of his development and application of mechanized mining technology.
Structurally related to namibite. One of three Bi-Fe phosphate minerals beside paulkellerite and zaïrite.
Phosphate and hydroxyl groups are disordered. An ordered structure model was built basing on a doubled parameter b. The structure details/elements:
- FeO6 octahedra
- PO4 tetrahedra
- Fe2(Oo)4(Oh)2(PO4)2 chains || [010], formed by corner-sharing of the above polyhedra (first type of chains)
- hydrogen bonds, that link the chains in (100)
- edge-connected (Bi,Pb)[1+4]O5 polyhedra, that form (Bi,Pb)2(Oo)2(Op)2 chains || [010] (second type of chains).
Chains of the first and second type have common corners and edges.
Phosphate and hydroxyl groups are disordered. An ordered structure model was built basing on a doubled parameter b. The structure details/elements:
- FeO6 octahedra
- PO4 tetrahedra
- Fe2(Oo)4(Oh)2(PO4)2 chains || [010], formed by corner-sharing of the above polyhedra (first type of chains)
- hydrogen bonds, that link the chains in (100)
- edge-connected (Bi,Pb)[1+4]O5 polyhedra, that form (Bi,Pb)2(Oo)2(Op)2 chains || [010] (second type of chains).
Chains of the first and second type have common corners and edges.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6831
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6831:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
ea774b1e-e929-4f0f-b9c6-50d12e81acac
IMA Classification of Brendelite
Classification of Brendelite
8.BM.15
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
M : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 4:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
M : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 4:1
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Bde | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Brendelite
Adamantine, Vitreous
Colour:
dark brown, black
Streak:
light brown
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
None Observed
Density:
6.83 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
couldn't be measured
Optical Data of Brendelite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 2.060 nβ = 2.150 nγ = 2.190
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.130
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
dark brown to opaque (Y=Z), light brown to brown (X)
Chemistry of Brendelite
Mindat Formula:
(Bi3+,Pb)2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(PO4)O2(OH)
Common Impurities:
Pb,Fe(II)
Crystallography of Brendelite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.278(2) Å, b = 3.815(1) Å, c = 6.899(1) Å
β = 111.14(1)°
β = 111.14(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.218 : 1 : 1.808
Unit Cell V:
301.4 ų
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014642 | Brendelite | Krause W, Bernhardt H J, McCammon C, Effenberger H (1998) Brendelite, (Bi,Pb)2Fe3+,2+O2(OH)(PO4), a new mineral from Schneeberg, Germany: description and crystal structure Mineralogy and Petrology 63 263-277 | 1998 | Schneeberg, Germany | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.726 Å | (54) |
| 3.372 Å | (77) |
| 3.322 Å | (37) |
| 3.217 Å | (46) |
| 3.011 Å | (100) |
| 2.863 Å | (34) |
| 2.750 Å | (62) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Type Occurrence of Brendelite
General Appearance of Type Material:
tabular to blocky crystals to 0.3 mm, hemispheres with a radiating structure to 3 mm across.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Staatliches Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Dresden, Germany.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
secondary, very rare, in dump material of a Bi-Co-Ni-Ag deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Brendelite
Other Language Names for Brendelite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BM. | Betpakdalite-NaNa | [Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O33(OH)4] |
| 8.BM. | Gunmaite | (Na2Sr)Sr2Al10(PO4)4F14(OH)12 |
| 8.BM.05 | Retzian-(Ce) | Mn2+2Ce(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BM.05 | Retzian-(La) | (Mn2+,Mg)2(La,Ce,Nd)(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BM.05 | Retzian-(Nd) | Mn2+2(Nd,Ce,La)(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BM.10 | Paulkellerite | (BiO)2Fe3+(PO4)(OH)2 |
| 8.BM.10 | Kolitschite | PbZn0.5Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Brendelite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-6831.html
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References for Brendelite
Reference List:
Krause, W., Bernhardt, H. -J., McCammon, C., Effenberger, H. (1998) Brendelite, (Bi,Pb)2Fe3+,2+O2(OH)(PO4), a new mineral from Schneeberg, Germany: Description and crystal structure. Mineralogy and Petrology, 63 (3) 263-277 doi:10.1007/bf01164154
Localities for Brendelite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Finland | |
| Ilkka Järvelä collection |
Germany | |
| Belendorff (2021) |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference |
| Krause et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
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Güldener Falk Mine, Neustädtel, Schneeberg, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany