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Tropic Shale, USA

Formation	Tropic Shale
Age:	93.5 - 89.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Interval	Late Cenomanian
Tectonic Setting	Cratonic basin
Lithology	shale, "limestone", lime mudstone
Number of Collections	43
Number of Occurrences	381

Recorded Sample Locations

Location	Region	Stratigraphic Name
Wahweap Wash	Kane County, Utah, USA	Tropic Shale
Muddy Creek Plesiosaur Site	Kane County, Utah, USA	Tropic Shale
Big Water	Kane County, Utah, USA	Tropic Shale
Tropic Shale	Coconino County, Arizona, USA	Tropic Shale
USGS Mesozoic D5249	Kane County, Utah, USA	Tropic Shale
USGS Mesozoic D5255	Kane County, Utah, USA	Tropic Shale
USGS Mesozoic D12493	Garfield County, Utah, USA	Tropic Shale
USGS Mesozoic D5268	Kane County, Utah, USA	Tropic Shale
USGS Mesozoic D12356	Kane County, Utah, USA	Tropic Shale

Recorded Fossils

Accepted Name	Type	Hierarchy	Age
Mesostoma sp. genus	6	*Mesostoma*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Serpula sp. genus	6	Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : *Serpula*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Brachauchenius lucasi species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Pliosauridae : Brachauchenius : *Brachauchenius lucasi*	93.5 - 89.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Dolichorhynchops tropicensis species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Polycotylidae : Dolichorhynchops : *Dolichorhynchops tropicensis*	93.5 - 89.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Eopolycotylus rankini species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Polycotylidae : Eopolycotylus : *Eopolycotylus rankini*	99.6 - 89.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Palmulasaurus quadratus species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Sauropterygia : Polycotylidae : Palmulasaurus : *Palmulasaurus quadratus*	93.5 - 89.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trinacromerum bentonianum species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Polycotylidae : Trinacromerum : *Trinacromerum bentonianum*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nothronychus graffami species	7	Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Avetheropoda : Therizinosauridae : Nothronychus : *Nothronychus graffami*	99.6 - 89.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Trochocyathus (Platycyathus) sp. subgenus	6.3	Animalia : Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Scleractinia : Caryophylliidae : Trochocyathus : *Trochocyathus (Platycyathus)*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Bivalvia class	3	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Arcidae family	5	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nemodon sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Parallelodontidae : *Nemodon*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cardioidea superfamily	4.7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardioidea	100.5 - 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Protocardia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Cardiidae : *Protocardia*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Astarte sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Carditida : Astartidae : *Astarte*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lucina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Lucinida : Lucinidae : *Lucina*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Inoceramidae family	5	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Inoceramus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae : *Inoceramus*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Inoceramus pictus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae : Inoceramus : *Inoceramus pictus*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mytiloides sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Inoceramidae : *Mytiloides*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nuculoidea superfamily	4.7	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculida : Nuculoidea	100.5 - 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gervillia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Bakevelliidae : *Gervillia*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pseudoptera sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Bakevelliidae : *Pseudoptera*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Exogyra sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Exogyra*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gryphaeostrea sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Gryphaeostrea*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pycnodonte sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : *Pycnodonte*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ostreidae family	5	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plesiopinna sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pinnidae : *Plesiopinna*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Phelopteria sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Pteriidae : *Phelopteria*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anomia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Anomiidae : *Anomia*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Aucellina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Buchiidae : *Aucellina*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pectinella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Entoliidae : *Pectinella*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Lima sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Limida : Limidae : *Lima*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Camptonectes sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : *Camptonectes*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Plicatula sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Plicatulidae : *Plicatula*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Corbula sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myida : Corbulidae : *Corbula*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pholadomya sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadomyidae : *Pholadomya*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Liopistha sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Poromyidae : *Liopistha*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Solemya sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Solemyida : Solemyidae : *Solemya*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cymbophora sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Mactridae : *Cymbophora*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Legumen sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : *Legumen*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Alzadites incomptus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Acanthoceratidae : Alzadites : *Alzadites incomptus*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Euomphaloceras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Acanthoceratidae : *Euomphaloceras*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Kamerunoceras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Acanthoceratidae : *Kamerunoceras*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mammites nodosoides species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Acanthoceratidae : Mammites : *Mammites nodosoides*	99.6 - 89.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Metoicoceras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Acanthoceratidae : *Metoicoceras*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Metoicoceras geslinianum species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Acanthoceratidae : Metoicoceras : *Metoicoceras geslinianum*	100.5 - 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Neocardioceras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Acanthoceratidae : *Neocardioceras*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Neocardioceras juddii species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Acanthoceratidae : Neocardioceras : *Neocardioceras juddii*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pseudaspidoceras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Acanthoceratidae : *Pseudaspidoceras*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pseudocalycoceras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Acanthoceratidae : *Pseudocalycoceras*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Allocrioceras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Anisoceratidae : *Allocrioceras*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sciponoceras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Baculitidae : *Sciponoceras*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sciponoceras gracile species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Baculitidae : Sciponoceras : *Sciponoceras gracile*	100.5 - 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Neocrioceras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Diplomoceratidae : *Neocrioceras*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stomohamites sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Hamitidae : *Stomohamites*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Placenticeras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonitida : Placenticeratidae : *Placenticeras*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Placenticeras cumminsi species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Placenticeratidae : Placenticeras : *Placenticeras cumminsi*	100.5 - 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Worthoceras sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea : Scaphitidae : *Worthoceras*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Ammonoidea order	4	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Ammonoidea	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anisomyon sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Siphonariida : Siphonariidae : *Anisomyon*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cylichna sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Cylichnidae : *Cylichna*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Anchura sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : *Anchura*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Drepanocheilus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : *Drepanocheilus*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Perissoptera sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Aporrhaidae : *Perissoptera*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cerithiopsis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Cerithiopsidae : *Cerithiopsis*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Eunaticina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : *Eunaticina*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Euspira sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : *Euspira*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Turritella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : *Turritella*	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Scaphopoda class	3	Animalia : Mollusca : Scaphopoda	99.6 - 93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

References

Elder W. P. (1987) The paleoecology of the Cenomanian-Turonian (Cretaceous) stage boundary extinctions at Black Mesa, Arizona, Palaios 2 1, 24-40 doi:10.2307/3514570

Cobban W. A. (1988) Tarrantoceras Stephenson and related ammonoid genera from Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) rocks in Texas and the western interior of the United States, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1473, 1-30

Kennedy W. J., Cobban W. A. (1990) Cenomanian micromorphic ammonites from the western interior of the USA, Palaeontology 33, 379-422

Gillette D. D., Hayden M. C., et al (1999) Occurrence and biostratigraphic framework of a plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Tropic Shale of southwestern Utah, Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-1, 269-273

Gillette D. D., Albright L. B., et al (2001) Discovery and paleogeographic implications of a therizinosaurid dinosaur from the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of southern Utah, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21 3, suppl., 54A

Albright L. B., Gillette D. D., et al (2007) Plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) Tropic Shale of southern Utah, part 2: Polycotylidae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 1, 41-58

Albright L. B., Gillette D. D., et al (2007) Plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) Tropic Shale of southern Utah, part 1: new records of the pliosaur Brachauchenius lucasi, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 1, 31-40

Zanno L. E., Gillette D. D., et al (2009) A new North American therizinosaurid and the role of herbivory in 'predatory' dinosaur evolution, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1029

Schmeisser McKean R. (2012) A new species of polycotylid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Turonian of Utah: Extending the stratigraphic range of Dolichorhynchops, Cretaceous Research 34, 184-199

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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