Cabral, A. R., Moore, J. M., Mapani, B. S., Koubová, M., & Sattler, C. D. (2011). Geochemical and mineralogical constraints on the genesis of the Otjosondu ferromanganese deposit, Namibia: hydrothermal exhalative versus hydrogenetic (including snowball-earth) origins. South African Journal of Geology, 114(1), 57-76.

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	CABRAL, A. R., MOORE, J. M., MAPANI, B. S., KOUBOVA, M., SATTLER, C.- D. (2011) GEOCHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE GENESIS OF THE OTJOSONDU FERROMANGANESE DEPOSIT, NAMIBIA: HYDROTHERMAL EXHALATIVE VERSUS HYDROGENETIC (INCLUDING SNOWBALL-EARTH) ORIGINS. South African Journal of Geology, 114 (1) 57-76 doi:10.2113/gssajg.114.1.57	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	CONSTRAINTS ON THE GENESIS OF THE OTJOSONDU FERROMANGANESE DEPOSIT, NAMIBIA: HYDROTHERMAL EXHALATIVE VERSUS...Department of Geology, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia e-mail: b.mapani@unam.na M...Africa ABSTRACT The stratigraphic position of the Otjosondu ferromanganese deposit in the Neoproterozoic Damara...the Swakop Group, as previously proposed. The Otjosondu ore comprises ferromanganese silicate-oxide assemblages...and manganese formations. The formation of the Otjosondu ferromanganese deposit is therefore unrelated
	Buehn, Bernhard, Stanistreet, Ian G., Okrusch, Martin (1992) Late Proterozoic outer shelf manganese and iron deposits at Otjosondu (Namibia) related to the Damaran oceanic opening. Economic Geology, 87 (5) 1393-1411 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.87.5.1393	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ProterozoicOuter ShelfManganeseandIron Depositsat Otjosondu (Namibia)Relatedto the DamaranOceanicOpening BERNHARDBiJHN...1978; Ferran, 1980). Late The Damara Sequenceof Namibia developed Proterozoiciron-formations associated...1986). Angola ß - o • too kl• _ Namibia 21' /' OTJOSONDU iliiii?: ii _ . :::: 22* 0 17' 20...SMZ= Southern Marginzone. Mn & FeDEPOSITS, OTJOSONDU, NAMIBIA 1395 OTdOSONDU SEQUENCE SOUTHERN CENTRAL...glaciomarinesedimentswithin the ChuosFormation.The Otjosondu area (Fig. 1) is the only knownoccurrenceof economic
	*Korinevsky, Victor G. (2015) Spessartine-Andradite In Scapolite Pegmatite, Ilmeny Mountains, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53 (4) 623-632 doi:10.3749/canmin.4354*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Institute of Mineralogy, Miass, 456317, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia ABSTRACT An unusual garnet representing...metasedimentary rocks in India (Katkamsandi, Netra), Namibia (Otjosondu, Gamsberg, Namaqualend), Greece (Andros Island)...Lake Bolshoe Miassovo (Ilmeny Reserve, Chelyabinsk region, Russia) (Fig. 1) in a NS-trending band of blastomylonites...the Ilmeny Mountains (Ilmeny Reserve, Chelyabinsk region, Russia). Asterisk, location of pit 287. FIG....to 10 mm) grains of pyrochlore, scheelite, and apatite were found as inclusions in coarse-grained scapolite
	*(2011) Discovering Namibia. The Vug* Vol. 4 (4) TheVug.com**	Journal (issue)
	........................pg. 3 Actinolite from Namibia by Justin Zzyzx .................................we bring you eleven articles about locations in Namibia that do not receive much publicity. It is easy...legendary deposits such as Tsumeb, the Brandberg region and the Erongo Mountains. Alpine clefts, huge soda...Mountains, located in the southwestern part of central Namibia. The Gamsberg Mountain is the most important landmark...Fluorapatite Fluorapatite is quite rare from the region but can be found as complex, colorless crystals
	*Daltry, Vaughan C. (1992) Type mineralogy of Namibia. Bulletin* 1. Geological Survey of Namibia**	Report (issue)
	Geological Survey of Namibia) MINISTRY OF MINES AND ENERGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NAMIBIA Director: B.G. Ho...Ho al BULLETIN 1 Type mineralogy of Namibia by Vaughan C. Daltry Editor: Clare Kennedy Galloway Obtainable...the Geological Survey P.O. Box 2168, Windhoek, Namibia Price Local (+GST) Abroad (Post Free) R20.00 R25... ______ ........ Abstract The type mineralogy of Namibia is reviewed. One hundred and thirty-nine (139)...Twenty-three (23) unnamed phases are also listed. Namibia ranks second to Zaire as the most productive African
	Roy, Supriya (1965) Comparative study of the metamorphosed manganese protores of the world; the problem of the nomenclature of the gondites and kodurites. Economic Geology, 60 (6) 1238-1260 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.60.6.1238	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	depositsof Madhya Pradesh-Maharashtrabelt, India, Otjosondu, S.W. Africa and Mount Brandnuten,S. Norway are...spanditegarnet,plagioclase felspar,blanfordite,apatite,accessory biotite and quartz. Both the aboveworkersconfirmedthe...with a mineralassemblage of spandite-orthoclase-apatite hasbeenreportedas a product of regionalmetamorphism...MANGANESE FORMATION OF OTJOSONDU, S.W. AFRICA The manganese ore deposits of Otjosondu,S.W. Africa havebeenshown...accompanied by tephroite,manganoan calciteand manganoan apatite. No primary,high-temperature oxidemineralhas,however
	*von Bezing, Ludi (2007) Namibia* - Minerals and Localities. Bode Verlag GmbH, Haltern.**	Book
	Mountainland The Central Northern to Northwest Region including Damaraland The Central Namib Desertand...Copper Deposits The South The Pegmatitesin Central Namibia Luderitz and the Diamonds 44 49 241 254 272 275... Encyclopedia of the Mineralsof Namibia 443 Meteorites in Namibia Bibliography Index Photo credits...__ Republic of Namibia The President State House W°Ntdhoek FOREWORD Namibia is endowed with an...from near and far. Fine mineral specimen from Namibia are displayed in all the famous natural science
	Abd El-Rahman, Yasser, Gutzmer, Jens, Li, Xian-Hua, Seifert, Thomas, Li, Chao-Feng, Ling, Xiao-Xiao, Li, Jiao (2020) Not all Neoproterozoic iron formations are glaciogenic: Sturtian-aged non-Rapitan exhalative iron formations from the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Mineralium Deposita, 55 (3) 577-596 doi:10.1007/s00126-019-00898-0	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Neoproterozoic oxide-facies exhalites, such as the Otjosondu deposit (Cabral et al. 2011), compared to the...Eastern Desert (Abd El-Rahman et al. 2011). This region is characterized by intra-oceanic island-arc assemblages...derivation of the detrital REE-bearing minerals (e.g., apatite). This possibility is considered unlikely because...1 formations, but it remains unclear whether apatite in the HIF is primary or secondary in origin. Although...Pr/Ybsn ratios). In the central Eastern Desert, apatite is considered the predominant control on the REE
	*Cenki-Tok, B., Chopin, C. (2006) Coexisting calderite and spessartine garnets in eclogite-facies metacherts of the Western Alps. Mineralogy and Petrology, 88 (1) 47-68 doi:10.1007/s00710-006-0146-4*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Ca–Mn–Al–Fe3þ quadrilateral. 1: Amphibolite-facies, Namibia (Vermaas, 1952; Dunn, 1979). 2: Amphibolite facies...(Schreyer and Abraham, 1977), with howeite, amphibole, apatite and ferristilpnomelane. 5: Blueschist facies, Laytonville...2002); with tephroite, clinopyroxene, hausmannite, apatite, Mn-rich calcite, bustamite, magnetite. 10. Eclogite...Mn–Zn-spinel, quartz. 12. Amphibolite facies, Otjosondu, Namibia (B€uhn et al., 1995), with braunite, jacobsite...early assemblage, small (20–100 mm) crystals of apatite, braunite, rutile, piemontite and rare pyrophanite
	Essene, Eric J., Claflin, Christopher L., Giorgetti, Giovanna, Mata, Pilar M., Peacor, Donald R., Á rkai, Pé ter, Rathmell, Mark A. (2005) Two-, three- and four-feldspar assemblages with hyalophane and celsian: implications for phase equilibria in BaAl2Si2O8-CaAl2Si2O8-NaAlSi3O8-KAlSi3O8. European Journal of Mineralogy, 17 (4) 515-535 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0515	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Ahy = anhydrite, All = allanite, Ap = (F,OH)-apatite, Brt = barite, BC = barytocalcite, Bi = biotite...parameters of 20 samples of hyalophane from Otosondu, Namibia, and found that nearly all were monoclinic. Viswanathan...in samples from manganese-rich rocks from Otjosondu, Namibia. Viswanathan & Kielhorn (1983a) reported...coarse interlocking two-phase assemblage from Otjosondu involving hyalophane (Cn51Ab32Or36) and celsian...exsolved albite in sodian hyalophane from Otjosondu, Namibia. Coats et al. (1984) found coexisting hyalophane
	(2019) Glacio-marine iron formation deposition in a c. 700 Ma glaciated margin: insights from the Chuos Formation, Namibia. Special Publication, 475. Geological Society of London. 9-34 doi:10.1144/sp475.2	Report (chapter)
	glaciated margin: insights from the Chuos Formation, Namibia MAXWELL A. LECHTE1, MALCOLM W. WALLACE1 & KARL-HEINZ...Australia 2 Geological Survey of Namibia, 1 Aviation Road, Windhoek, Namibia* M.A.L., 0000-0002-3152-9009...unimelb.edu.au Abstract: The Chuos Formation of Namibia is the sedimentary product of the Neoproterozoic...oceans during the Sturtian. The Chuos Formation of Namibia records deposition during the Sturtian glaciation...2013a). The Chuos Formation is found throughout Namibia in three Pan-African orogenic belts, collectively
	*(1978) Topographical Index. Mineralogical Magazine, 42 (324) 569-572 doi:10.1180/minmag.1978.042.324.26*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	St. Just, Land's End, garnet, axinite, epidote, apatite, hornblende, diopside, 427 South Terras mine, St...tlapallite, 183 South-West Africa (Namibia) Onganja mine, cuprite, 5o5 Otjosondu, celsian, barian orthoclase
	*(1992) The Mineral Resources of Namibia. Ministry of Mines and Energy, Windhoek.*	Book
	REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA - MINISTRY OF MINES AND ENERGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE MINERAL RESOURCES OF NAMIBIA FIRST...ENERGY Of the several hundred minerals present in Namibia, around sixty have been exploited. some, such as...base metals and industrial minerals have helped Namibia rank amongst the top five mining countries in Africa...terms of production and reserves. In this context, Namibia is a major producer of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium...unpublished. It is evident that mineral exploration in Namibia, as elsewhere. has changed from serendipitous discoveries
	McSwiggen, Peter L., Morey, G. B., Cleland, Jane M. (1994) Occurrence and genetic implications of hyalophane in manganese-rich iron-formation, Cuyuna Iron Range, Minnesota, USA. Mineralogical Magazine, 58 (392) 387-399 doi:10.1180/minmag.1994.058.392.04	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	manganese deposits or manganiferous iron ores of Otjosondu, Namibia (Viswanathan and Kielhoru, 1983), Benallt...Table 2). Crystal also contains included grains of apatite (Ap) (scale bar is 50 ~tm). 393 nite, hematite...and Griffin (1973) have shown that in the Oslo region of Norway, hyalophane is pseudomorphic after baryte...(1973) Barium feldspar in Ordovician sediments, Oslo region, Norway. J. Sediment. Petrol., 43, 461-5. Bostrrm...Morey, G. B. (1983a) Animikie basin, Lake Superior region, U.S.A., In Iron-formation facts and problems (A
	Breitkopf, Jörg H. (1988) Iron formations related to mafic volcanism and ensialic rifting in the southern margin zone of the Damara Orogen, Namibia. Precambrian Research, 38 (2) 111-130 doi:10.1016/0301-9268(88)90087-3	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	THE SOUTHERN MARGIN ZONE OF THE DAMARA OROGEN, NAMIBIA JORG H BREITKOPF Department of Geology, Unwers~tyof...Scmnce Pubhshers B V 112 12o 16° ANSOLAT NP NAMIBIA o~ 20° Occurrences of iron formahon Pre-Damara...Miller, 1 9 8 3 c ) Towns Kb-Kanblb, Ou-Outjo, Ot-Otjosondu, Sw-Swakopmund, T-Tsumeb, W-Wmdhoek Occurrence...1983c) are associated with Iron formation near Otjosondu m the eastern part of the Central Zone (Fig 1)...haematlte and quartz as major components ( > 9 0 % ) , apatite (up to 8%) and the accessory minerals minnesotalte
	*Roy, Supriya (1968) Mineralogy of the different genetic types of manganese deposits. Economic Geology, 63 (7) 760-786 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.63.7.760*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ZONE. •1• •qUPRIYA ROF TABLE - 5 CONTINUED OTJOSONDU, S.W. AFRICA (ROPER, 1956) MANGANESE FORMATIONS...diagenetic' reconstitution,the unmetamorphosed man- Otjosondu,S.W. Africa [braunite-bixbyite-jacobsiteand garnet...d upward migrationof manganeseduring alurgite-apatite-quartz. In the almandine zone at diagenesis is...Aravalli Group,GangpurGroup,andKhondaliteGroup), Otjosondu,S.W. Africa and Mount Brandnuten,S. Norway,are...PYROXENE - WINCHITE JUDDITE- MANGANOPHYLLITE-ALURGITE-APATITE-QUARTZ, SPESSARTITERHODONITE - QUARTZ-TIRO DITE-
	Morishita, T. (2005) Occurrence and chemical composition of barian feldspars in a jadeitite from the Itoigawa-Ohmi district in the Renge high-P/T-type metamorphic belt, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine, 69 (1) 39-51 doi:10.1180/0026461056910237	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Nb) 4 ÿx Ti 4 (O,OH) 4 (Si4O12)4´2H2O, strontium apatite (Sakai and Akai, 1994) and niigataite CaSrAl 3...(1953) A new occurrence of bariumfeldspar at Otjosondu, South-West Africa, and an X-ray method for determining...Ba-rich and Bapoor phases in barium feldspar from Otjosondu, South-West Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 42...dimensions of (Ba, K, Na)-feldspars from Otjosondu, Namibia and their signi®cance. American Mineralogist
	*Modreski, Peter J. (1993) Featured Mineral Group at the 1993 Tucson Show: Garnet. Rocks & Minerals, 68 (1) 20-33 doi:10.1080/00357529.1993.9926521*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	bestknown worldwide localities include the Tyrol region, Austria; the Stikine River delta, near Wrangell...deposits or manganese-bearing rocks, such as Otjosondu, Namibia (Amthauer et al. 1989), and Andros Island...rocks, including the Otjosundu manganese mine, Namibia. Calderite also exhibits solid solution toward...than 1 mm; associated minerals include calcite, apatite, monticellite, magnetite, and perovskite. It is...Carolina; others include Ceylon; the Umba Valley region, Tanzania and Kenya; Zimbabwe; Madagascar; and
	Lottermoser, B.G, Ashley, P.M (2000) Geochemistry, petrology and origin of Neoproterozoic ironstones in the eastern part of the Adelaide Geosyncline, South Australia. Precambrian Research, 101 (1) 49-67 doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(99)00098-4	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	biotite, plagioclase, tourmaline), carbonate and apatite, and detrital mineral grains and lithic clasts...the central Flinders Ranges to the Yunta-Olary region in eastern South Australia (Sumartojo and Gostin...ferruginous Braemar ironstone facies in the Yunta-Olary region and the thinner Holowilena Ironstone (130 m) in...locally lenticular, is widespread in the Yunta-Olary region and a possible equivalent is present southwest...1970; Figs. 2 and 3). Throughout the Yunta-Olary region, ironstone occurrences crop out prominently (Fig
	Jung, S., Hellebrand, E. (2007) Textural, geochronological and chemical constraints from polygenetic titanite and monogenetic apatite from a mid-crustal shear zone: An integrated EPMA, SIMS, and TIMS study. Chemical Geology, 241 (1) 88-107 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.01.029	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	constraints from polygenetic titanite and monogenetic apatite from a mid-crustal shear zone: An integrated EPMA...syn-orogenic syenite at Otjimbingwe (Damara orogen, Namibia) show shape, colour and U–Pb systematics that vary...650–N700 °C consistent with previous studies. Coeval apatite has no apparent inheritance, low 206Pb/204Pb ratios...for zircon, ∼700 °C for titanite and ∼450 °C for apatite, initial fast cooling of the complex can be inferred...U–Pb geochronology; Trace elements; Titanite; Apatite; Syenite; Damara orogen ⁎ Corresponding author
	Jung, S. (2000) High-temperature, low/medium-pressure clockwise P-T paths and melting in the development of regional migmatites: the role of crustal thickening and repeated plutonism. Geological Journal, 35 (3) 345-359 doi:10.1002/gj.866	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	from the Proterozoic to Palaeozoic Damara Orogen (Namibia) are mostly characterized by ®nal near-isobaric...DAMARA OROGEN: AN OVERVIEW The Damara Orogen of Namibia is a deeply eroded section through a Pan-African...map of the Central Zone of the Damara Orogen, Namibia, with the position of the Oetmoed Migmatite Granite...Central Zone of the Pan-African Damara Orogen, Namibia (Figure 1). This complex comprises mainly schistose...ierite±sillimanite with accessory tourmaline, apatite, zircon, monazite and Fe-Ti oxides. Primary muscovite
	*Pracejus, Bernhard - Ed.* (2014) The Ore Minerals Under the Microscope (2nd ed.) Elsevier. doi:10.1016/c2012-0-01360-9**	Book (edition)
	orange Chromite Zincochromite Gaudefroyite Apatite - (CaF) Willemite Ludwigite reddish brown to...Madenköy Mine, Çayeli, Rize Province, Black Sea Region, Turkey (sample: Halbach); XPL If marked in description... Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia (sample: Melcher/Oberthür); PPL D Fine-grained... Karabash, Chelyabinsk Oblast’, Southern Urals Region, Russia Au-Cu alloys, native Copper, native Gold...Potaro River, Kangaruma District, Potaro-Siparuni Region, Guyana Chalcopyrite, native Gold, Hematite, Millerite
	Jung, S., Hoffer, E., Hoernes, S. (2007) Neo-Proterozoic rift-related syenites (Northern Damara Belt, Namibia): Geochemical and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope constraints for mantle sources and petrogenesis. Lithos, 96 (3) 415-435 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2006.11.005	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Neo-Proterozoic rift-related syenites (Northern Damara Belt, Namibia): Geochemical and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope constraints...rift-related syenites from the Northern Damara orogen (Namibia) constrain their sources and petrogenesis. New...elements; Sr–Nd–Pb–O isotopes; Damara orogen; Namibia ⁎ Corresponding author. Philipps-Universität Marburg...within the Northern Zone of the Damara orogen, Namibia. Abbreviations in inset: KZ: Kaoko Zone, NP: Northern...the Proterozoic to Phanerozoic Damara orogen of Namibia, pre-orogenic to syn-orogenic syenites have been
	Grew, E. S., Locock, A. J., Mills, S. J., Galuskina, I. O., Galuskin, E. V., Hålenius, U. (2013) Nomenclature of the garnet supergroup. American Mineralogist, 98 (4) 785-811 doi:10.2138/am.2013.4201	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	nomenclature review, i.e., sapphirine (Grew et al. 2008), apatite (Pasero et al. 2010), pyrochlore (Atencio et al...Mn3+ in andradite from manganese formations, Otjosondu, Namibia (Amthauer et al. 1989; Bühn et al. 1995)...](Si3)O12 as well as {Mn 3 }[Mn 2 ](Si3)O12 in the Otjosondu garnet (Table 6). Garnets containing a significant...Maira, Italy (Brunet and Lecocq 1999), exsolved apatite in garnet from mantle eclogite (Haggerty et al...Mn3+-bearing calderite-andradite garnets from Otjosondu, SWA/Namibia. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 189
	Jung, S., Mezger, K., Hoernes, S. (2004) Shear zone-related syenites in the Damara belt (Namibia): the role of crustal contamination and source composition. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 148 (1) 104-121 doi:10.1007/s00410-004-0589-8	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Shear zone-related syenites in the Damara belt (Namibia): the role of crustal contamination and source...major shear zone in the Proterozoic Damara orogen (Namibia) constrain their sources and petrogenesis. Major...The Proterozoic to Phanerozoic Damara orogen of Namibia contains pre-orogenic to syn-orogenic syenites...within the Central Zone of the Damara orogen, Namibia. Abbreviations in inset: KZ Kaoko zone, NP northern...Geological setting and rock types The Damara orogen of Namibia comprises a deeply eroded section of a Pan-African

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Apatite from Otjosondu, Omatako Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Apatite from
Otjosondu, Omatako Constituency, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia