Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.

Hughes, F. E. (Ed.). (1990). Geology of the mineral deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Melbourne, 591-597.

Middlemost, E. (1990). Mineralogy and petrology of the rauhaugites of the Mt Weld carbonatite complex of Western Australia. Mineralogy and Petrology, 41(2-4), 145-161.

Fetherston, J. Michael (2004) Tantalum in Western Australia. Mineral Resources Bulletin 22. Geological Survey of Western Australia

Cook, Nigel J., Cristiana L. Ciobanu, Benjamin P. Wade, Sarah E. Gilbert, and Robert Alford. (2023) "Mineralogy and Distribution of REE in Oxidised Ores of the Mount Weld Laterite Deposit, Western Australia" Minerals 13, no. 5: 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13050656

Reference Search (possible matching items)

	*Verplanck, Philip L. (2017) The Role of Fluids in the Formation of Rare Earth Element Deposits. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 17. 758-761 doi:10.1016/j.proeps.2017.01.014*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	carbonatite-related REE ore deposit, the Mount Weld deposit (Australia), was formed by lateritic weathering...crystallization. In one deposit currently being mined, Mount Weld, the REE ore-grade enrichment is due to lateritic...deposits are relatively low grade but are economic to mine because they can be enriched in the more valuable...valuable HREEs and are relatively inexpensive to mine. Fluids can play a significant role in ore-grade enrichment...clay deposits in south China and the Mount Weld deposit in Australia. Factors controlling the degree of
	*Fetherston, J. Michael (2004) Tantalum in Western Australia. Mineral Resources Bulletin* 22. Geological Survey of Western Australia**	Report (issue)
	22 TANTALUM IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA by J. M. Fetherston TANTALUM IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA FRONTISPIECE:... FRONTISPIECE: Historic pump at the Wodgina tantalum–tin mine. Brought from Port Hedland by camel train about 1905...SURVEY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA MINERAL RESOURCES BULLETIN 22 TANTALUM IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA by J. M. Fetherston...Limerick DIRECTOR, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA Tim Griffin REFERENCE The recommended reference...FETHERSTON, J. M., 2004, Tantalum in Western Australia: Western Australia Geological Survey, Mineral Resources
	Pollard, Peter J. (1995) A special issue devoted to the geology of rare metal deposits; geology of rare metal deposits; an introduction and overview. Economic Geology, 90 (3) 489-494 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.90.3.489	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	JamesCookUniversity, Townsville, Queensland 4811,Australia ONEofthemajoraimsoftherecently completed IGCPProj-...deposits whererecentworkhaspro- andWodginain Australia. motedsignificant advances in theunderstanding...andthiscanact more Nb than Arax5and more REE than Mount Weld (Krav1995).The undeveloped MorroDos as a deterrentto...production fromlargeraremetalpegmatites in otherparts Australia). opportunities arerestricted mainlyto value-added...gittinsite(CaZrtential mines such as Mount Weld, Western Australia(see- (CaZrSiaO•5.2H.20) Si.207) in altered
	*Lottermoser, B.G. (1990) Rare-earth element mineralisation within the Mt. Weld carbonatite laterite, Western Australia. Lithos, 24 (2) 151-167 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(90)90022-s*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	mineralisation within the Mr. Weld carbonatite laterite, Western Australia B.G. LOTTERMOSER* Department...University of Newcastle, Newcastle, N.S. W. 2308 (Australia) LITHOS Lottermoser, B.G., 1990. Rare-earth...mineralisation within the Mt. Weld carbonatite laterite, Western Australia. Lithos, 24:151-167. A thick...overlying, and derived from, the Mr. Weld carbonatite, Western Australia. oxidation of primary igneous minerals...carbonatite is referred to as the laterite of the Mt. Weld carbonatite. The terminology used here for laterite
	Pirajno, Franco (2015) Intracontinental anorogenic alkaline magmatism and carbonatites, associated mineral systems and the mantle plume connection. Gondwana Research, 27 (3) 1181-1216 doi:10.1016/j.gr.2014.09.008	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Targeting, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia a r t i c l e i...South Africa, Mount Weld and Gifford Creek ferrocarbonatite complex in Western Australia, the controversial...South Africa (Kruidfontein, Goudini), Western Australia (Mount Weld and Gifford complex) and China (Bayan...of alkaline complexes and carbonatites in south-western Africa is shown in Fig. 2. 2.1. Brandberg The Brandberg...of monzonite outcrops in the Naib River on the western side of the complex and is likely associated with
	Witt, W.K., Hammond, D.P., Hughes, M. (2019) Geology of the Ngualla carbonatite complex, Tanzania, and origin of the Weathered Bastnaesite Zone REE ore. Ore Geology Reviews, 105. 28-54 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.12.002	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Edward Street, Western Australia 6052 2. Peak Resources, 5 Ord Street, Western Australia 6005 Abstract...commissioned by Peak Resources estimated a 30 year mine life for the Weathered Bastnaesite Zone. The Ngualla...Craton (which is now broadly coincident with the western arm of the East African Rift). Currently available...carbonatite annulus (phlogopite-rich along the western margin of the magnesiocarbonatite plug and adjoining...were carried out by SGS Laboratories, Perth, Australia, by XRF on fused beads for a major metal suite
	Gwalani, L. G., Rogers, K. A., Demény, A., Groves, D. I., Ramsay, R., Beard, A., Downes, P. J., Eves, A. (2010) The Yungul carbonatite dykes associated with the epithermal fluorite deposit at Speewah, Kimberley, Australia: carbon and oxygen isotope constraints on their origin. Mineralogy and Petrology, 98 (1) 123-141 doi:10.1007/s00710-009-0102-1	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	epithermal fluorite deposit at Speewah, Kimberley, Australia: carbon and oxygen isotope constraints on their...dykes at Speewah in the Kimberley region of Western Australia were emplaced along a north-trending splay...NiPlats Australia Limited, 22/77 Allendale Square, St Georges Terrace, Perth, WA 6000, Australia e-mail:...Environment, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia D. I. Groves e-mail: dgroves@cyllene...Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia e-mail: peter
	*Simandl, G. J. (2014) Geology and market-dependent significance of rare earth element resources. Mineralium Deposita, 49 (8) 889-904 doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0546-z*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	with a pro-mining disposition such as Canada and Australia. REE grade, HREE/light REE (LREE) ratio of the...Chinese REE producers had a competitive edge over western producers due to inexpensive and abundant labor...Chinese government, highlighted the vulnerability of western high technology industries to disruptions of critical...Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), USA, Australia, India, Brazil, Malaysia, and a few other countries...are located in China, Brazil, USA, India, and Australia (Fig. 4). The definition of ore reserves used
	*Lapin, A. V., Lyagushkin, A. P. (2014) The Kovdor apatite-francolite deposit as a prospective source of phosphate ore. Geology of Ore Deposits, 56 (1) 61-80 doi:10.1134/s1075701513060056*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Serrote in Brazil; Mabounie in Gabon; Mount Weld in Australia; etc. (Table 1). The involvement of these...operating or potential apatite, pyro chlore, vermiculite, and other deposits often pertain ing to the...operating apatite–magnetite, phlogopite, and vermiculite deposits. Since the upper levels of the apatite–magne...resources, including 18.0 Brazil highgrade ore 2.0 Mount Weld, Aus Possible resources n.102–n.103 tralia Mabounie...(3 samples); (5) ordinary apatite–francolite–vermiculite ore replacing glimmerite (4 samples); (6) lowgrade
	Simandl, George J., Paradis, Suzanne (2018) Carbonatites: related ore deposits, resources, footprint, and exploration methods. Applied Earth Science, 127 (4) 123-152 doi:10.1080/25726838.2018.1516935	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Nb, and host signiﬁcant deposits of apatite, vermiculite, Cu, Ti, ﬂuorite, Th, U, natural zirconia, and...signiﬁcant sources of Cu, apatite, ﬂuorite, vermiculite, and other commodities. Most modern studies on...al. 2012); (2) The Himalayan collision zone in western Sichuan, China (Hou et al. 2006, 2015); (3) Northwest...Salitre I 43.3 2.4 5.5 31.1 71.7 8.3 Loe Shilman (Western) 0.2 0.08 56.1 0.1 Oka 8.4 5.0 59.4 2.4 28.8 1...the Giﬀord Creek ferrocarbonatite complex, Western Australia (Pirajno et al. 2014). APPLIED EARTH SCIENCE
	*(1993) International strategic minerals inventory summary report; rare-earth oxides. Circular* 930. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/cir930n**	Report (issue)
	earthscience and mineral-resource agencies of Australia, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, the...earthscience and mineral-resource agencies of Australia, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, the...earth-science and mineral-resource agencies of Australia, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, the...McLeod (retired), Bureau of Mineral Resources, Australia; Roy R. Towner, Australian Bureau of Agricultural...- - - - -- ----- - ---- - - -- -- -- 13. Average mine and mill production costs per metric ton of ore
	*(2019) World Thorium Occurrences, Deposits and Resources. IAEA TECDOC* 1877. International Atomic Energy Agency**	Report (issue)
	ANGOLA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ARGENTINA ARMENIA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH............................................ 89 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND ................................................................ 89 6.7.1. Australia ..................................................elements. Economic minerals can be apatite, barite, vermiculite, Th, Nb, Ta, Cu, Fe, Zr, Ti, U and others. Examples:...placersQueensland, Australia; Offshore placersNeendakarai, Kerala, India; Alluvial placersWestern Australia, Australia;
	*Bottrill, Ralph S., Baker, William. E. (2008) A Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania. Geological Survey of Tasmania Bulletin 73, Mineral Resources Tasmania. 1-254*	Corporate Document (Series)
	gov.au www.mrt.tas.gov.au First published in Australia in 2008 by Mineral Resources Tasmania Department...publisher in writing. in National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Bottrill, R...Adelaide mine, Dundas {Photo: A Wright] Rear cover: Bismuthinite on quartz and siderite, Princess mine {Photo:...Fluorite on ferroan magnesite, Mount Bischoff {Photo: A. Tuma] Siderite, Renison mine {Photo:]. Leeming] While...in Tasmania ... ... ... ... ... ... Geology and mine locations, Dundas mineral field Geology and major
	Lu, Lei, Liu, Yan, Liu, Huichuan, Zhao, Zhi, Wang, Chenghui, Xu, Xiaochun (2020) Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on the Genesis of Ion-Adsorption-Type REE Mineralization in the Lincang Pluton, SW China. Minerals, 10 (12) 1116 doi:10.3390/min10121116	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Pass, San Bernardino County, CA, USA; Mount Weld, Laverton, Australia; Lovozero, Russia [2–5]), by-products...faults, granodiorite intrudes in the east, and the western area contains light-colored granite. The area of...content is up to 85%, with 4% illite and 5% vermiculite. Horizon B contains 74–81% kaolinite, 9% illite...lonite→kaolinite→gibbsite; Biotite→chlorite→vermiculite→montmorillonite→beidellite→kaolinite→gibbsite...Dalucao REE deposit, Mianning—Dechang REE Belt, western Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Ore Geol
	Chernoff, Carlotta B., Orris, G.J. (2002) Data set of world phosphate mines, deposits, and occurrences: Part A. geologic data; Part B. location and mineral economic data. Open-File Report 2002-156. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr02156	Report (issue)
	for foreign countries, if a given name refers to a mine or deposit, a nearby location or administrative...names may be used to refer to a single deposit or mine. For large deposits or mineralized areas, a 3 single...is meant to identify the area, deposit, district, mine, or occurrence to which the geologic, economic,...Hagopian, D., 1983, Lower Eocene phosphorites of the Western Desert, Iraq: Sedimentary Geology, v. 33, no. 4...Phosphate deposits of the Georgina Basin, northern Australia, in Notholt, A.J.G., Sheldon, R.P., and Davidson
	Amores-Casals, Sandra, Gonçalves, Antonio Olimpio, Melgarejo, Joan-Carles, Martí Molist, Joan (2019) Nb and REE Distribution in the Monte Verde Carbonatite–Alkaline–Agpaitic Complex (Angola) Minerals, 10 (1) 5 doi:10.3390/min10010005	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	carbonatite complexes occur in central and south-western areas, usually related to alkaline rocks [8]. Dating...one case, the proportion of fragments is north-western area, hiding most outcrops. No intrusive carbonatite...occupied by the fenites. At central and north-western regions, alluvial and colluvialwith deposits contents...occupied by the fenites. At central and north-western regions, alluvial and colluvial deposits form a...minerals. Weathering of micas produced mixtures of vermiculite and smectite, and pyrite is replaced by goethite
	(1992) Regolith Exploration Geochemistry in Tropical and Subtropical Terrains - Handbook of Exploration Geochemistry - Handbook of Exploration Geochemistry No. 4. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/c2009-0-12888-x	Book
	Exploration Geoscience CSIRO Floreat Park, WA 6014, Australia H. ZEEGERS Däpartement Exploration BRGM F-45060...postgraduate students. G.J.S. GOVETT Sydney, NSW, Australia PREFACE This volume of the Handbook of Exploration...Geoscience CSIRO Private Bag, P.O. Wembley, Western Australia Australia 6014 H. Zeegers Chief Departement Exploration...Geoscience CSIRO Private Bag, P.O. Wembley, Western Australia Australia 6014 F. Bianconi Senior Exploration Geologist...Consultant Geologist 28 Greenock Avenue Como, Western Australia Australia 6152 G. Friedrich Director Institut
	*(2014) Mineral Commodity Summaries. US Geological Survey*	Report (issue)
	Thallium Thorium Tin Titanium Tungsten Vanadium Vermiculite Wollastonite Yttrium Zeolites Zinc Zirconium.......................................... 176 Vermiculite ...............................................and flake (natural) NITROGEN (fixed)—AMMONIA VERMICULITE ALUMINUM LEAD MAGNESIUM METAL SALT PERLITE SULFUR...Belgium Canada, Brazil Jamaica, Brazil, Guinea, Australia Canada Mexico, China, South Africa, Mongolia China...Canada, China, Japan, Belgium South Africa, Gabon, Australia, Georgia China, Brazil, Belgium, India Brazil
	Geitgey, Ronald P., Vogt, Beverly F. - Eds. (1990) Industrial Rocks and Minerals of the Pacific Northwest - Proceedings of the 25th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals April 30 to May 2, 1989, Portland, Oregon. Special Paper 23. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries	Report (issue)
	markets. The estimated total value o f nonfue l mine ral productio n in Oregon in 1988 was $169 million...clays mined in Klamath County and several other western counti e~. X X X X X X X X X X X X -----~...County. Cascade Pumice and Central Oregon Pumice mine 15- to 40-ft-thick air- INDUSTRIAL MINERALS IN...Pumi<.:e ~e ll lmine red and hlacl.. ci mJc~ for concrc te-hlocl.. aggreg:11c...Eagle-Picher diatomite mine (center ofplwto) innortheo.l'tem 11amey Cmmtv. Mine rals. in non he m llamey
	*(2019) Thorium Resources as Co- and By-products of Rare Earth Deposits. IAEA TECDOC* 1892. International Atomic Energy Agency**	Report (issue)
	ANGOLA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ARGENTINA ARMENIA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH...and environment, as well as waste management and mine closure. Other topics covered include storage of........................................ 35 5.3.4. Mine closure .................................................................................. 35 AUSTRALIA...................................................................... 51 7.5.1. Steenkampskraal mine ...............................................
	Dill, Harald G. (2010) The “chessboard” classification scheme of mineral deposits: Mineralogy and geology from aluminum to zirconium. Earth-Science Reviews, 100 (1) 1-420 doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.011	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2.4. Vermiculite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3.4. Vermiculite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...Vanadinite Vandendriesscheite Vaughanite Vauquelinite Vermiculite Vesuvianite Villiaumite Violarite Vivianite Volchonskoite...hanging wall. During a subsequent mining period, the mine was re-opened to recover sideritic parts of the...you look for a mine look near a mine”. This includes the imperative “if you look for a mine look for smelting
	Dill, Harald G. (2010) The “chessboard” classification scheme of mineral deposits: Mineralogy and geology from aluminum to zirconium. Earth-Science Reviews, 100 (1) 1-420 doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.011	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2.4. Vermiculite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3.4. Vermiculite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...Vanadinite Vandendriesscheite Vaughanite Vauquelinite Vermiculite Vesuvianite Villiaumite Violarite Vivianite Volchonskoite...hanging wall. During a subsequent mining period, the mine was re-opened to recover sideritic parts of the...you look for a mine look near a mine”. This includes the imperative “if you look for a mine look for smelting
	Van Rythoven, Adrian D., Pfaff, Katharina, Clark, James G. (2020) Use of QEMSCANⓇ to characterize oxidized REE ore from the Bear Lodge carbonatite, Wyoming, USA. Ore and Energy Resource Geology, 2. 100005 doi:10.1016/j.oreoa.2020.100005	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	TREO1 grade (e.g., ~5 at Bayan Obo – [11]; ~4 at Mount Weld – [29]; >25 at Bokan Mountain – [30]; >4 at Strange...Molycorp (then the operator of the Mountain Pass Mine in California) as a joint venture (JV) partner....current REE resource is based on a modeled open pit mine comprising two adjacent smaller pits over the Bull...similar to QEMSCAN○R , on ores from the Araxá Nb-REE mine in Brazil. Hutchinson [24] used QEMSCAN○R on 16...rhodochrosite, ankerite), alter biotite to chlorite-vermiculite, and alter feldspar to clay (kaolinite, illite
	*(2018) MGM volume 82 Supplement 1 Cover and Front matter. Mineralogical Magazine, 82. doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.126*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	reserves of Cu, Ti, barite, Ar tic le fluorite, vermiculite, Sr, V, Th, U and P (Cordeiro et al., 2011; Groves...Gifford Creek Ferrocarbonatite Complex in Western Australia (Pirajno et al., 2014), there are still open...the unveined transitional rødbergite from the western Bjørndalen transect. REE-fluorocarbonates occur...relatively large variation in REE concentrations. The western transitional rødbergites are only slightly enriched...Bjørndalen transect (≤16000 ppm TREE). Although the western and eastern transitional rødbergites appear to
	Kogel, Jessica Elzea, Trivedi, Nikhil C., Barker, James M., Krukowski, Stanley T. - Eds. (2006) Industrial Minerals and Rocks (7th ed.) Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., Littleton, CO.	Book (edition)
	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mine Safety and Health Law . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermiculite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...University of Kansas and served as president of Western Mineral Associates. D reyer retired in 1984. Dr...Indiana Stratum Resources Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Sara M. Robinson Consulting Geologist Holley...TZ Minerals International Pty Ltd. West Perth, Australia William C. Herz IMI Institute for Research and

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Vermiculite from Mount Weld Mine, Mount Weld Station, Laverton Shire, Western Australia, Australia

Vermiculite from
Mount Weld Mine, Mount Weld Station, Laverton Shire, Western Australia, Australia