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EducationConversion from uniaxic to biaxic (simple experiment on the polarizing microscope)

9th Aug 2020 09:54 UTCAdolf Cortel

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While playing with the Pockels effect of a syntethic crystal of lithium niobate using a laser I realized that the experiment could be done with a polarizing microscope in a more colorful way. Since many members of mindat are interested in crystallography perhaps they can find useful this demonstration in which you see how a uniaxic crystals turns to biaxic. I have uploaded a youtube video for those who want to observe it:

The Pockels effect consist of the change of refractive index in the direction of an applied electric field in a crystal. The one I own has ben cut so that an electric field can be applied in a direction perpendicular to the optic axis and the crystal changes from uniaxic to biaxic as shown by the changes in the interference figures.

The effect is much nicer if the interference figure is observed in a microscope instead of using a laser (which also give a nice interference figure, but without colors). A harmless way of applying the high voltage requiered to produce the effect is by using a kitchen sparker (or a high voltage power supply if available).


 

10th Aug 2020 15:34 UTCHerwig Pelckmans

Dear Adolf,
That is a most amazing video!
I forwarded it to Olaf Medenbach, an authority on mineral optics, and he told me he had never seen this effect demonstrated so clearly.
Thank you so much for sharing!

BTW, I sent you a PM through mindat. Could you please reply to my questions?
Thank you!

Cheers, Herwig
ACAM & MKA (Belgium)

11th Aug 2020 12:15 UTCAdolf Cortel

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Hi Herwig,
Thanks for you kind comment. Just one of my first books on minerals (1983) was one of Olaf Medenbach!. I'm very proud that he finds this interesting. 

The usual (with commercial equipment, Leybold and others)  demonstration of Pockels effect is made with a laser perpendicular to the optic axis and, in conoscopic ligthing, the change in the flash figure is observed with an electric field applied in the direction of the optic axis. 
I polished a crystal of lithium niobate to observe this (picture attached: direction of light perpendicular to the optic axis, electric field also perpendicular to the optic axis) . 

I tried doing this in the polarizing microscope but the flash figure is seen much worse than using the laser
 
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