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Deevsalar, Reza; Pan, Yuanming; Cao, Kenan; Zhu, Yuxiang; Tunc, Ayetullah; Chen, Ning; Shakouri, Mohsen; Xiao, Qunfeng (2025) Cerium Speciation in Durango Fluorapatite from X-Ray Photoelectron and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Implications for the Ce-in-Apatite Oxybarometer. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 63 (4). 371-383 doi:10.3749/2400050

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Reference TypeJournal (article/letter/editorial)
TitleCerium Speciation in Durango Fluorapatite from X-Ray Photoelectron and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Implications for the Ce-in-Apatite Oxybarometer
JournalThe Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and PetrologyISSN1499-1276
AuthorsDeevsalar, RezaAuthor
Pan, YuanmingAuthor
Cao, KenanAuthor
Zhu, YuxiangAuthor
Tunc, AyetullahAuthor
Chen, NingAuthor
Shakouri, MohsenAuthor
Xiao, QunfengAuthor
Year2025 (July 1)Volume63
Page(s)371-383Issue4
PublisherMineralogical Association of Canada
URL
DOIdoi:10.3749/2400050Search in ResearchGate
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Mindat Ref. ID19035650Long-form Identifiermindat:1:5:19035650:9
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Full ReferenceDeevsalar, Reza; Pan, Yuanming; Cao, Kenan; Zhu, Yuxiang; Tunc, Ayetullah; Chen, Ning; Shakouri, Mohsen; Xiao, Qunfeng (2025) Cerium Speciation in Durango Fluorapatite from X-Ray Photoelectron and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Implications for the Ce-in-Apatite Oxybarometer. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 63 (4). 371-383 doi:10.3749/2400050
Plain TextDeevsalar, Reza; Pan, Yuanming; Cao, Kenan; Zhu, Yuxiang; Tunc, Ayetullah; Chen, Ning; Shakouri, Mohsen; Xiao, Qunfeng (2025) Cerium Speciation in Durango Fluorapatite from X-Ray Photoelectron and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Implications for the Ce-in-Apatite Oxybarometer. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 63 (4). 371-383 doi:10.3749/2400050
In(2025, July) The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology [The Canadian Mineralogist] Vol. 63 (4). Mineralogical Association of Canada
Abstract/NotesAbstract
As a redox-sensitive rare-earth element (REE) in apatites, knowledge about the speciation of cerium (Ce) has broad applications, from understanding geochemical and geological processes in the Earth’s crust and mantle to developing sustainable REE extraction techniques. However, Ce speciation in apatites has rarely been determined experimentally but is often inferred from the presence or absence of Ce anomalies in normalized REE patterns. In this contribution, Ce speciation in gem-quality fluorapatite from Durango (Mexico) has been determined by combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The Ce4+/ΣCe (where ΣCe denotes the total Ce = Ce3+ + Ce4+) values in Durango fluorapatite from Ce 3d XPS and bulk Ce L3-edge XANES techniques are similar (0.32–0.34 versus 0.27–0.30). However, microbeam Ce L3-edge XANES (µXANES) spectra measured on oriented sections parallel and perpendicular to the crystallographic c-axis yielded significantly different Ce4+/ΣCe values (0.18–0.21 versus 0.34–0.36), suggesting a marked crystal-orientation effect of the µXANES technique. On the other hand, the Ce4+/ΣCe values of 0.27–0.31 from µXANES measured on an inclined section are similar to those from the XPS and bulk XANES techniques. The mixed Ce3+ and Ce4+ states in Durango fluorapatite are consistent with its formation under oxidizing magmatic-hydrothermal conditions but contradict the general lack of Ce anomalies (CeN/CeN* = 0.86–1.01, where CeN* = Sqrt(LaN × PrN)) in chondrite-normalized REE patterns. This study shows that the lack of Ce anomalies in chondrite-normalized REE patterns of apatites does not guarantee an absence of Ce4+ and that the development of the Ce-in-apatite oxybarometer requires direct determination of Ce speciation in apatites.


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