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Culler, T. S. (2000) Lunar Impact History from 40Ar/39Ar Dating of Glass Spherules. Science, 287 (5459). 1785-1788 doi:10.1126/science.287.5459.1785

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Reference TypeJournal (article/letter/editorial)
TitleLunar Impact History from 40Ar/39Ar Dating of Glass Spherules
JournalScience
AuthorsCuller, T. S.Author
Year2000 (March 10)Volume287
Page(s)1785-1788Issue5459
PublisherAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
DOIdoi:10.1126/science.287.5459.1785Search in ResearchGate
Mindat Ref. ID2514918Long-form Identifiermindat:1:5:2514918:4
GUIDc810f0a2-75b4-4636-aafc-548251d3ecb3
Full ReferenceCuller, T. S. (2000) Lunar Impact History from 40Ar/39Ar Dating of Glass Spherules. Science, 287 (5459). 1785-1788 doi:10.1126/science.287.5459.1785
Plain TextCuller, T. S. (2000) Lunar Impact History from 40Ar/39Ar Dating of Glass Spherules. Science, 287 (5459). 1785-1788 doi:10.1126/science.287.5459.1785
In(2000, March) Science Vol. 287 (5459) American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

References Listed

These are the references the publisher has listed as being connected to the article. Please check the article itself for the full list of references which may differ. Not all references are currently linkable within the Digital Library.

BVSP Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets (Pergamon New York 1981).
W. K. Hartmann Proceedings of the Conference on the Lunar Highlands Crust J. J. Papike Ed. (Pergamon Elmsford NY 1980) pp. 155–171.
Drozd R. J., Hohenberg C. M., Morgan C. J., Podosek F. A., Wroge M. L., Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 8, 3027 (1977).
H. A. Pohn U.S. Geological Survey Map I-627 [ORB III-9(100)] (1971).
D. E. Wilhelms U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1348 (1987) p. 302.
G. Neukum and B. A. Ivanov in Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids T. Gehrels Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press Tucson AZ 1994) pp. 359–416.
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R. A. F. Grieve and E. M. Shoemaker in Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids T. Gehrels Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press Tucson AZ 1994) pp. 417–462.
Not Yet Imported: Geological Society of America Special Papers - book-chapter : 10.1130/SPE247-p155

If you would like this item imported into the Digital Library, please contact us quoting Journal ID 25243
E. M. Shoemaker P. R. Weissman C. S. Shoemaker in Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids T. Gehrels Ed. (Univ. of Arizona Press Tucson AZ 1994) pp. 313–336.
R. A. Muller Tech. Rep. LBL-34168 (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 1993).
B. P. Glass Introduction to Planetary Geology (Cambridge Univ. Press New York 1982).
Dalrymple G. B., Izett G. A., Snee L., Obradovich J. D., U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 2065, 20 (1993).
T. S. Culler and R. A. Muller in preparation.
McKay D. S., Heiken G. H., EOS 54, 599 (1973).
Culler T. S., Muller R. A., Renne P., Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 27, 279 (1996).
Each of the 155 Apollo 14 spherules was hand-picked from the 14163 soil sample cleaned and sorted according to color into one of six categories: black/opaque (85 total spherules) yellow (36) gray (13) orange/red (10) green (9) and white (2). These variations in color are thought to relate to the concentration of titanium and to a lesser extent iron in the glass of the spherules [
Frondel C., Klein C. J., Ito J., Drake J. C., Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 1, 445 (1970);
]. Each color group was placed in a separate pit in an aluminum irradiation disk along with MMhb-1 [
Samson S. D., Alexander E. C., Chem. Geol. 66, 27 (1987);
] and FCs (31) fast neutron fluence monitors (standards). The samples underwent ∼100 hours of irradiation at the Oregon State University Reactor (fast neutron fluence parameter J = 0.0261 ± 0.001). We used the cadmium-lined in-core instrument transfer facility which virtually eliminates thermal neutron reactions such as 37 Cl(n γ) 38 Ar and 40 K(n p) 40 Ar. Correction factors for interfering isotopes (31) are ( 36 Ar/ 37 Ar) Ca = (2.64 ± 0.02) × 10 −4 ( 39 Ar/ 37 Ar) Ca = (7.04 ± 0.06) × 10 −4 and ( 40 Ar/ 39 Ar) K = (8 ± 3) × 10 −4 . Mass discrimination is monitored by periodic analyses of air pipettes. Each spherule was degassed stepwise by an 8-W Ar-ion laser in 5 to 30 steps depending on the size and potassium concentration of the spherule. The extraction line we used has a cryo-trap operated at −122°C to remove condensable gases and two SAES C-50 getters (one was turned off to lower instrument blanks). Isotopic analyses were done with a MAP 215 noble gas mass spectrometer. The laser extraction line and mass spectrometer are all fully automated. Because the initial isotopic composition of Ar in the spherules cannot be assumed our analytical strategy focused on step-heating to generate data facilitating the use of 40 Ar/ 36 Ar versus 39 Ar/ 36 Ar isochrons. This approach relies on releasing gas comprising binary mixtures of initial Ar (of uniform isotopic composition) with radiogenic Ar ( 40 Ar*). In most cases low laser power steps are enriched in a low 40 Ar/ 36 Ar component whereas heating at higher power produced higher 40 Ar/ 36 Ar because of the release of proportionately more 40 Ar*. In some cases additional components of Ar were clearly associated with anomalous Ca/K (determined from 37 Ar/ 39 Ar) which we construe to reflect Ca-rich clasts that were incompletely degassed during impact melting; we excluded such analyses from isochron regressions. In some other cases more than two components of Ar are indicated by nonlinear scatter on isochron diagrams. In such cases the age error is multiplied by the square root of the mean squared weighted deviates such that isochron ages with excess scatter are deweighted and have little impact on our conclusions. Terrestrial atmospheric contamination is efficiently removed in sample cleaning and preanalysis bakeout as indicated by consistently low 40 Ar/ 36 Ar in even the lowest temperature extraction steps and by the linearity of the isochron data.
Summary data for all isochron ages are available at Science Online (www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/1044416.shl).
Eberhardt P., Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 3, 1821 (1972).
G. H. Heiken T. Vaniman B. French Eds. Lunar Sourcebook (Cambridge Univ. Press New York 1991).
Chao E. C. T., USGS J. Res. 1, 1 (1973).
R. V. Morris R. Score C. Dardano G. Heiken Tech. Rep. JSC 19069 (Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center 1983).
F. Hörz R. Grieve G. H. Heiken P. Spudis A. Binder in Lunar Sourcebook G. H. Heiken T. Vaniman B. French Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press New York 1991) pp. 285–356.
Grotzinger J. P., Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 18, 1954 (1997).
Renne P. R., et al., Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect.) 145, 117 (1998).
Supported by the Ann and Gordon Getty Foundation. We thank W. Alvarez A. Deino J. Donovan D. Karner K. Ludwig and T. Teague for discussions and various other invaluable contributions to this research K. Nishiizumi for curating the samples and NASA for providing them.


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