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Urocyon cinereoargenteus

Description

The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), or grey fox, is an omnivorous mammal of the family Canidae, widespread throughout North America and Central America. This species and its only congener, the diminutive island fox (Urocyon littoralis) of the California Channel Islands, are the only living members of the genus Urocyon, which is considered to be the most basal of the living canids. Though it was once the most common fox in the eastern United States, and still is found there, human advancement and deforestation allowed the red fox to become more dominant. The Pacific States still have the gray fox as a dominant. It is the only American canid that can climb trees. Its specific epithet cinereoargenteus means "ashen silver".


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2434566https://www.gbif.org/species/2434566
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)52594https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=52594
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Urocyon : Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Urocyon : Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
-LaurasiatheriaWaddell et al. 1999
-ScrotiferaWaddell et al. 1999
-FeraeLinnaeus 1758
-CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
-CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivoraBowditch 1821
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
superfamilyCanoideaSimpson 1931
familyCanidaeFischer 1817
subfamilyCaninaeGill 1872
tribeVulpiniHemprich and Ehrenberg 1832
genusUrocyonBaird 1857
speciesUrocyon cinereoargenteusSchreber 1775
Generic NameUrocyon
Common Namegray fox
Scientific NameUrocyon cinereoargenteus (Schreber, 1775)
Name Published InDie Säugethiere vol.2 13 p.pl. 92[1775]; see also text: 21:361[1776]
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Urocyon cinereoargenteusspeciesbelongs to Canisstated without evidenceSchreber, 1775
Urocyon cinereoargenteusspeciesbelongs to Urocyonstated without evidenceKurten and Anderson, 1980
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore, omnivore (based on Canidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)B. Kurten and E. Anderson. 1980. Pleistocene mammals of North America
Common Name(s) Gray Fox, Common Gray Fox, Zorra Gris, Renard Gris
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urocyon_cinereoargenteus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Urocyon cinereoargenteus borealis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus cinereoargenteus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus costaricensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus floridanus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus fraterculus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus furvus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus guatemalae
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus madrensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus nigrirostris
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus ocythous
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus orinomus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus peninsularis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus townsendi
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Urocyon cinereoargenteus venezuelae
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Canis cinereoargenteus Schreber, 1775GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Canidae : Urocyon : Canis cinereoargenteus

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1775Canis cinereoargenteus Schreber
1899Urocyon cinereoargenteus townsendi Merriam
1902Canis cinereoargentatus Hay p. 775
1904Urocyon townsendi Furlong p. 55
1980Urocyon cinereoargenteus Kurten and Anderson p. 173

References

Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Furlong E. L. (1904) An account of the preliminary excavations in a recently explored Quaternary cave in Shasta County, California, Science 20, 53-55
FRITZELL EK y KJ HAROLDSON. 1982. Urocyon cinereoargenteus. Mammalian Species 189:1-8. - via Mamíferos de Colombia
(1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life
(2001) database, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) Common Names of Mammals of the World - via Catalogue of Life
HERSHKOVITZ P. 1957. A synopsis of the wild dogs of Colombia. Novedades Colombianas:157-161. - via Mamíferos de Colombia
PÁEZ A, C SAAD, C NÚÑEZ y J BÓSHELL. 2005. Molecular epidemiology of rabies in northern Colombia 19942003. Evidence for human and fox rabies associated with dogs. Epidemiology 133:529-536. - via Mamíferos de Colombia
WOZENCRAFT C. 1993. Orden Carnivora. Pp: 279-348, en: Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference (DE Wilson y DM Reeder, eds.). 2a ed., Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., USA. - via Mamíferos de Colombia
(2003) database, http://www.menv.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/centre.htm - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada: Resource Publication, no. 166 - via Catalogue of Life
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole, 2000: null. Common Names of Mammals of the World. xiv + 204. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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