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Crotalus horridus

Description

The timber rattlesnake, canebrake rattlesnake or banded rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus), is a species of venomous pit viper endemic to eastern North America. This is the only rattlesnake species in most of the populous northeastern United States and is second only to its cousins to the west, the prairie rattlesnake, as the most northerly distributed venomous snake in North America. No subspecies are currently recognized.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2444468https://www.gbif.org/species/2444468
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)53104https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53104
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : Crotalus : Crotalus horridus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Crotalidae : Crotalus : Crotalus horridus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
suborderOphidia
-Serpentes
infraorderAlethinophidiaNopcsa 1923
-MacrostomataRitgen 1828
superfamilyBooideaGray 1825
-CaenophidiaHoffstetter 1939
superfamilyColubroideaOppel 1811
familyCrotalidae
genusCrotalusLinnaeus 1758
speciesCrotalus horridusLinnæus 1758
Generic NameCrotalus
Common Nametimber rattlesnake
Scientific NameCrotalus horridus Linnaeus, 1758
Name Published InLinnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Crotalus horridusspeciesbelongs to Crotalusstated with evidenceLinnaeus, 1758
Crotalus horridusspeciesbelongs to Crotalusstated without evidenceHay, 1902
Crotalus horridusspeciesbelongs to Crotalusstated with evidenceParmley and Holman, 1995
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Booidea)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietcarnivore (based on Booidea)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. A. Holman. 1985. Herpetofauna of Ladds Quarry. National Geographic Research 1(3):423-436
Common Name(s) Timber Rattlesnake (atricaudatus), Timber Rattlesnake, Crotale Des Bois, Wald-klapperschlange (atricaudatus), Cane-brake Rattlesnake (atricaudatus)
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotalus_horridus

Fossil Distribution

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Crotalus horridus horridus Linnaeus, 1758GBIFsubspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : Crotalus : Crotalus horridus horridus
Crotalus atricaudatus Latreille, 1802GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : Crotalus : Crotalus atricaudatus
Crotalus horridus atricaudatus Latreille, 1801GBIFsubspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : Crotalus : Crotalus horridus atricaudatus
Crotalus horridus atricaudatus Gloyd, 1935GBIFsubspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : Crotalus : Crotalus horridus atricaudatus

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1758Crotalus horridus Linnaeus
1875Crotalus horridus Cope p. 33
1902Crotalus horridus Hay p. 481
1974Crotalus horridus Holman p. 345
1985Crotalus horridus Holman
1995Crotalus horridus Parmley and Holman p. 85

References

Holman J. A. (1985) Herpetofauna of Ladds Quarry, National Geographic Research 1 3, 423-436
Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Holman J. A. (1974) A late Pleistocene herpetofauna from southwestern Missouri, Journal of Herpetology 8 4, 343-346
Parmley D., Holman J. A. (1995) Hemphillian (late Miocene) snakes from Nebraska, with comments on Arikareean through Blancan snakes of midcontinental North America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15 1, 79-95
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Anderson, Corey Devin (2015) Variation in male movement paths during the mating season exhibited by the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) in St. Louis County, Missouri: Herpetology Notes 8: 267-274 - via Catalogue of Life
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International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Direction 57 Addition to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology (a) of the specific names of Forty-seven species belonging to the classes Cyclostomata, Pisces, Amphibia and Reptilia, each of which is the type species of a genus, the name of which was placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology in the period up to the end of 1936 and (B) of the specific name of one species of the class Amphibia which is currently treated as a senior Subjective synonym of the name of such a species.Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1D(D.18), 365-388 (1956) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology
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