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Palaeosaniwa ✝

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Description

Palaeosaniwa canadensis is an extinct species of carnivorous lizard from the late Cretaceous of North America. The name, given by Charles Whitney Gilmore in 1928, means "ancient Saniwa from Canada".

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeosaniwa, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4820701	https://www.gbif.org/species/4820701
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	38040	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=38040

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Varanidae : Palaeosaniwa

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Palaeosaniwa

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Lepidosauromorpha
superorder	Lepidosauria
order	Squamata	Oppel 1811
-	Episquamata	Pyron et al. 2013
-	Toxicofera	Vidal and Hedges 2005
suborder	Anguimorpha	Fürbringer 1900
-	Monstersauria	Norell and Gao 1997
genus	Palaeosaniwa	Gilmore 1928

Scientific Name

Palaeosaniwa Gilmore, 1928

Name Published In

Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington, 22 (3), 83

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Palaeosaniwa	genus	belongs to Varanidae	stated without evidence	Gilmore, 1928
Palaeosaniwa	genus	belongs to Saniwinae	stated with evidence	McDowell and Bogert, 1954
Palaeosaniwa	genus	belongs to Varanidae	stated with evidence	Estes, 1964
Palaeosaniwa	genus	belongs to Varanidae	stated without evidence	Estes and Berberian, 1970
Palaeosaniwa	genus	belongs to Varanidae	stated with evidence	Estes, 1983
Palaeosaniwa	genus	belongs to Varanidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Palaeosaniwa	genus	belongs to Varanidae	stated without evidence	Clos, 1995
Palaeosaniwa	genus	belongs to Varanidae	stated with evidence	Gao and Fox, 1996
Palaeosaniwa	genus	belongs to Varanidae	stated without evidence	Peng et al., 2001
Palaeosaniwa	genus	belongs to Platynota	stated with evidence	Longrich et al., 2012
Palaeosaniwa	genus	belongs to Monstersauria	stated with evidence	Yi and Norell, 2013

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

83.6 - 72.1 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Last Recorded Appearance

61.7 - 56.8 Ma
Paleocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Diapsida)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. W. Gilmore. 1928. Fossil lizards of North America. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 22(3):1-201

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeosaniwa

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Palaeosaniwa canadensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1928	Palaeosaniwa Gilmore p. 83
1928	Megasaurus Gilmore p. 157 figs. Pl. 27:1
1954	Palaeosaniwa McDowell and Bogert p. 132
1964	Palaeosaniwa Estes p. 135
1970	Palaeosaniwa Estes and Berberian p. 5
1983	Palaeosaniwa Estes
1988	Palaeosaniwa Carroll

Year	Name and Author
1989	Palaeosaniwa Bryant p. 48
1995	Palaeosaniwa Clos p. 263
1996	Palaeosaniwa Gao and Fox p. 89
2001	Palaeosaniwa Peng et al. p. 31
2012	Palaeosaniwa Longrich et al.
2013	Palaeosaniwa Yi and Norell

References

Gilmore C. W. (1928) Fossil lizards of North America, Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 22 3, 1-201

McDowell S. B., Bogert C. M. (1954) The systematic postition of Lanthanotus and the affinities of the anguinomorphan lizards, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 105 1, 1-142

Estes R. (1964) Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49, 1-187

Estes R., Berberian P. (1970) Paleoecology of a Late Cretaceous vertebrate community from Montana, Breviora 343, 1-35

Estes R. (1983) Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie 10A, 1-249

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Bryant L. J. (1989) Non-dinosaurian lower vertebrates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Montana, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 134, 1-107

Clos L. M. (1995) A new species of Varanus (Reptilia: Sauria) from the Miocene of Kenya, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15 2, 254-267

Gao K. -Q., Fox R. C. (1996) Taxonomy and evolution of Late Cretaceous lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from western Canada, Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of natural History 33, 1-107

Peng J., Russell A. P., et al (2001) Vertebrate microsite assemblages (exclusive of mammals) from the Foremost and Oldman Formations of the Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta: an illustrated guide, Provincial Museum of Alberta, Natural History Occasional Paper 25, 1-54

Longrich N. R., Bhullar B.-A. S., et al (2012) Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 52, 21396-21401 doi:10.1073/pnas.1211526110

Yi H.-Y., Norell M. A. (2013) New materials of Estesia mongoliensis (Squamata: Anguimorpha) and the evolution of venom grooves in lizards, American Museum Novitates 3767, 1-31

GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

original publication/web search (AJR). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington, 22 (3), 83 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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