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Carpolestes

Description

Carpolestes is a genus of extinct primate-like mammals from the late Paleocene of North America. It first existed around 58 million years ago. The three species of Carpolestes appear to form a lineage, with the earliest occurring species, C. dubius, ancestral to the type species, C. nigridens, which, in turn, was ancestral to the most recently occurring species, C. simpsoni.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4827469https://www.gbif.org/species/4827469
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)40744https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40744
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Carpolestidae : Carpolestes
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
orderPrimatesLinnaeus 1758
-EuprimateformesBloch et al. 2007
superfamilyPlesiadapoidea
familyCarpolestidaeSimpson 1935
subfamilyCarpolestinaeRussell 1964
genusCarpolestesSimpson 1928
Scientific NameCarpolestes Simpson, 1928
Name Published InAmer. Mus. Novit., No. 297
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Carpolestesgenusbelongs to Tarsiidaestated with evidenceSimpson, 1928
Carpolestesgenusbelongs to Carpolestidaestated with evidenceSimpson, 1937
Carpolestesgenussubjective synonym of Carpodaptesstated with evidenceSzalay and Delson, 1979
Carpolestesgenusbelongs to Carpolestidaestated with evidenceGingerich, 1980
Carpolestesgenusbelongs to Carpolestidaestated without evidenceGingerich, 1987
Carpolestesgenusbelongs to Carpolestidaestated with evidenceGunnell, 1989
Carpolestesgenusbelongs to Carpolestinaestated with evidenceBeard and Wang, 1995
Carpolestesgenusbelongs to CarpolestidaeimpliedMcKenna and Bell, 1997
Carpolestesgenusbelongs to Carpolestidaestated with evidenceBloch and Gingerich, 1998
Carpolestesgenusbelongs to Carpolestinaestated with evidenceBeard et al., 2016
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)5
First Recorded Appearance61.7 - 56.8 Ma
Paleocene
Last Recorded Appearance56.8 - 55.8 Ma
Paleogene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Plesiadapoidea)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietherbivore (based on Plesiadapoidea)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Plesiadapoidea)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)G. G. Simpson. 1928. A new mammalian fauna from the Fort Union of southern Montana. American Museum Novitates 297:1-15
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpolestes

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Carpolestes dubius
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1561.7 Ma
Paleocene
58.7 Ma
Paleocene
Carpolestes nigridens
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1761.7 Ma
Paleocene
56.8 Ma
Paleocene
Carpolestes simpsoni
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1058.7 Ma
Paleocene
56.8 Ma
Paleocene
Carpolestes twelvemilensis
species
listed (PBDB)161.7 Ma
Paleocene
61.7 Ma
Paleocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1928Carpolestes Simpson p. 7
1929Litotherium Simpson
1937Carpolestes Simpson p. 161
1940Carpolestes Simpson p. 204
1980Carpolestes Gingerich
1987Carpolestes Gingerich p. 312
YearName and Author
1989Carpolestes Gunnell p. 147
1994Carpolestes Van Valen
1995Carpolestes Beard and Wang
1997Carpolestes McKenna and Bell
1998Carpolestes Bloch and Gingerich
2016Carpolestes Beard et al.

References

Simpson G. G. (1928) A new mammalian fauna from the Fort Union of southern Montana, American Museum Novitates 297, 1-15
Simpson G. G. (1929) Third contribution to the Fort Union fauna at Bear Creek, Montana, American Museum Novitates 345
Simpson G. G. (1937) The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountain field, Montana and its mammalian faunas, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 169, 1-287
Simpson G. G. (1940) Studies on the earliest primates, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77 4, 185-212
Gingerich P. D. (1987) Early Eocene bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) and other vertebrates in freshwater limestones of the Willlwood Formation, Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 27 11, 275-320
Gunnell G. F. (1989) Evolutionary History of Microsyopoidea (Mammalia, ?Primates) and the Relationship Between Plesiadapiformes and Primates, University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 27, 1-157
Van Valen L. M. (1994) The origin of the plesiadapid primates and the nature of Purgatorius, Evolutionary Monographs 15, 1-79
Beard K. C., Wang J. (1995) The first Asian plesiadapoids, Annals of Carnegie Museum 64 1, 1-33
McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640
Bloch J. I., Gingerich P. D. (1998) Carpolestes simpsoni, New Species (Mammalia, Proprimates) from the Late Paleocene of the Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming, Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 30 4, 131-162
Beard K. C., Ni X.-J., et al (2016) Dentition of Subengius mengi (Mammalia: Plesiadapoidea) and a reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships of Asian Carpolestidae, Vertebrata PalAsiatica 54 3, 181-211
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 297 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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