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Rhineuridae

Description

Rhineuridae is a family of amphisbaenians (commonly called worm lizards) that includes one living genus and species, Rhineura floridana, as well as many extinct species belonging to both Rhineura and several extinct genera. The living R. floridana is found only in Florida no further north than the panhandle, but extinct species ranged across North America, some occurring as far west as Oregon. The family has a fossil record stretching back 60 million years to the Paleocene and was most diverse in the continental interior during the Eocene and Oligocene.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)9114https://www.gbif.org/species/9114
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)37974https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37974
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Rhineuridae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Lepidosauromorpha
superorderLepidosauria
orderSquamataOppel 1811
infraorderAmphisbaeniaGray 1844
-RhineuroideaKearney 2003
familyRhineuridaeVanzolini 1951
Scientific NameRhineuridae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Rhineuridaefamilybelongs to Amphisbaeniastated with evidenceBerman, 1973
Rhineuridaefamilybelongs to AnnulataimpliedCarroll, 1988
Rhineuridaefamilybelongs to Amphisbaeniastated without evidenceFrank and Ramus, 1996
Rhineuridaeunranked cladebelongs to Amphisbaeniastated with evidenceLongrich et al., 2015
Rhineuridaefamilybelongs to Rhineuroideastated with evidenceStocker and Kirk, 2016
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)28
Extant Size (PBDB)3 (11%)
First Recorded Appearance63.3 - 61.7 Ma
Paleocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Amphisbaenia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietinsectivore (based on Amphisbaenia)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)D. S Berman. 1973. Spathorhynchus fossorium, a middle Eocene amphisbaenian (Reptilia) from Wyoming. Copeia 1973(4):704-721
Common Name(s) North American Worm Lizards
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhineuridae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Archaerhineura
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
161.7 Ma
Paleocene
61.7 Ma
Paleocene
Dyticonastis
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
533.3 Ma
Oligocene
30.8 Ma
Oligocene
Hadrorhineura
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Jepsibaena
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
255.8 Ma
Eocene
50.3 Ma
Eocene
Lestophis
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
450.3 Ma
Eocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene
Macrorhineura
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
130.8 Ma
Oligocene
30.8 Ma
Oligocene
Ototriton
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
155.8 Ma
Eocene
55.8 Ma
Eocene
Plesiorhineura
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
263.3 Ma
Paleocene
63.3 Ma
Paleocene
Protorhineura
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Rhineura
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Worm Lizard2550.3 Ma
Eocene
0 Ma
Extant
Solastella
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
146.2 Ma
Eocene
46.2 Ma
Eocene
Spathorhynchus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
450.3 Ma
Eocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1951Rhineuridae Vanzolini
1973Rhineuridae Berman pp. 705-713
1983Rhineuridae Estes
1988Rhineuridae Carroll
1996Rhineuridae Frank and Ramus
2003Rhineuridae Kearney
2006Rhineuridae Smith p. 5
2015Rhineuridae Longrich et al.
2016Rhineuridae Stocker and Kirk

References

Berman D. S (1973) Spathorhynchus fossorium, a middle Eocene amphisbaenian (Reptilia) from Wyoming., Copeia 1973 4, 704-721
Estes R. (1983) Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia, Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie 10A, 1-249
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377
Kearney M. (2003) Systematics of the Amphisbaenia (Lepidosauria: Squamata) based on morphological evidence from Recent and fossil forms, Herpetological Monographs 17, 1-74
Smith K. T. (2006) A diverse new assemblage of late Eocene squamates (Reptilia) from the Chadron Formation of North Dakota, U.S.A., Palaeontologia Electronica 9 2, 1-44
Longrich N. R., Vinther J., et al (2015) Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction, Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 282, 20143034 doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.3034
Stocker M. R., Kirk E. C. (2016) The first amphisbaenians from Texas, with notes on other squamates from the middle Eocene Purple Bench locality, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1094081, 1-15 doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1094081
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
CoL2006/EMBL Reptiles - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Kearney, Maureen, 2003: Systematics of the Amphisbaenia (Lepidosauria: Squamata) based on morphological evidence from recent and fossil forms. Herpetological Monographs, vol. 17. 1-74. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2004: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, draft (2004). - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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