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Hazenite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Hazenite (2)

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Hazenite

South shore, Mono Lake, Mono County, California, USA

Hazenite

Mono Lake, Mono County, California, USA

Hazenite

South shore, Mono Lake, Mono County, California, USA

Hazenite

Mono Lake, Mono County, California, USA

Hazenite

South shore, Mono Lake, Mono County, California, USA

Hazenite

Mono Lake, Mono County, California, USA

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About HazeniteHide

Professor Robert M.Hazen

Formula:

KNaMg₂(PO₄)₂ · 14H₂O

Colour:

colourless

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

2 - 2½

Specific Gravity:

1.91

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Member of:

Struvite Group

Name:

Named by H. Yang, H.J. Sun, and R.T. Downs in 2011 in honor of Dr. Robert M. Hazen (1 November 1948, Rockville Centre, New York, USA - ), mineralogist at the Carnegie Institute for Science Geophysical Laboratory. He was awarded the 2016 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America.

Type Locality:

ⓘ South shore, Mono Lake, Mono County, California, USA

Struvite Group.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

38992

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:38992:1

GUID
(UUID V4):

6981d575-67dc-46b4-9c6c-787943cd48b3

IMA Classification of HazeniteHide

IMA status:

Approved

Approval year:

2007

First published:

2011

Type description reference:

Yang, H., Sun, H. J., Downs, R. T. (2011) Hazenite, KNaMg₂(PO₄)₂·14H₂O, a new biologically related phosphate mineral, from Mono Lake, California, U.S.A. American Mineralogist, 96 (4) 675-681 doi:10.2138/am.2011.3668

Classification of HazeniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

8.CH.40

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H₂O
H : With large and medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O < 1:1

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Hz	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of HazeniteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

colourless

Streak:

white

Hardness:

2 - 2½ on Mohs scale

Hardness Data:

Measured

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
{001}

Density:

1.91(3) g/cm³ (Measured) 1.875 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of HazeniteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.494(1) n_β = 1.498(1) n_γ = 1.503(1)

2V:

Measured: 41° (2), Calculated: 42°

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.009

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

Strong, r < v

Chemistry of HazeniteHide

Mindat Formula:

KNaMg₂(PO₄)₂ · 14H₂O

Elements listed:

H, K, Mg, Na, O, P - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of HazeniteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 6.9349 Å, b = 25.1737 Å, c = 11.2189 Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.275 : 1 : 0.446

Unit Cell V:

1,958.56 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

radiating clusters of prismatic crystals

Comment:

Space Group: Pmnb.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0018338	Hazenite	Yang H, Sun H J, Downs R T (2011) Hazenite, KNaMg2(PO4)214H2O, a new biologically related phosphate mineral, from Mono Lake, California, U.S.A.* American Mineralogist 96 675-681		2011	Mono Lake, California, USA	0	293
0014049	Hazenite	Yang H, Sun H J (2004) Crystal structure of a new phosphate compound, Mg2KNa(PO4)214H2O* Journal of Solid State Chemistry 177 2991-2997		2004	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Hazenite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Yang H'
'Sun H J'
'Downs R T'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 96 
_journal_year 2011
_journal_page_first 675
_journal_page_last 681
_publ_section_title
;
 Hazenite, KNaMg2(PO4)2*14H2O, a new biologically related phosphate mineral,
 from Mono Lake, California, U.S.A.
;
_database_code_amcsd 0018338
_chemical_compound_source 'Mono Lake, California, USA'
_chemical_formula_sum 'K Na Mg2 P2 O22 H28'
_cell_length_a 6.9349
_cell_length_b 25.1737
_cell_length_c 11.2195
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1958.668
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      1.875
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P m n b'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2-x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,-y,-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  'x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
K   0.75000   0.22160   0.50140   0.04010
Na   0.75000   0.00040   0.92590   0.03540
Mg1   0.75000   0.95430   0.63880   0.01550
Mg2   0.75000   0.22370   0.83660   0.01690
P1   0.25000   0.12810   0.72190   0.01380
P2   0.75000   0.12720   0.22010   0.01310
O1   0.25000   0.13580   0.85840   0.02640
O2   0.25000   0.18280   0.66080   0.02410
O3   0.43170   0.09760   0.68590   0.02230
O4   0.75000   0.06730   0.19450   0.02480
O5   0.75000   0.13800   0.35460   0.02170
O6   0.93150   0.15190   0.16300   0.02130
OW7   0.75000   0.00950   0.50680   0.03090
OW8   0.75000   0.89440   0.76140   0.03630
OW9   0.53490   0.91610   0.54460   0.02550
OW10   0.95780   0.99470   0.73750   0.02440
OW11   0.53590   0.24930   0.72310   0.03080
OW12   0.96620   0.19660   0.94890   0.02640
OW13   0.75000   0.15540   0.73050   0.03040
OW14   0.75000   0.29750   0.92560   0.04050
OW15   0.01000   0.05970   0.98230   0.03440
H11   0.84100   0.02600   0.48400 ?
H21   0.85000   0.87900   0.79000 ?
H31   0.45400   0.89600   0.57200 ?
H32   0.54900   0.90900   0.46700 ?
H41   0.05700   0.97700   0.75800 ?
H42   0.99900   0.02300   0.72300 ?
H51   0.45000   0.23000   0.70700 ?
H52   0.50300   0.27800   0.71400 ?
H61   0.94000   0.18100   0.01700 ?
H62   0.05100   0.17900   0.92100 ?
H71   0.84700   0.13500   0.72200 ?
H81   0.75000   0.32700   0.89000 ?
H82   0.75000   0.30500   0.00300 ?
H91   0.05700   0.08000   0.94600 ?
H92   0.95400   0.07600   0.03900 ?
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
K 0.05350 0.02900 0.03760 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00960
Na 0.02720 0.04050 0.03840 0.00000 0.00000 0.00910
Mg1 0.01400 0.01490 0.01750 0.00000 0.00000 0.00220
Mg2 0.01850 0.01540 0.01690 0.00000 0.00000 0.00040
P1 0.01430 0.01270 0.01450 0.00000 0.00000 0.00010
P2 0.01130 0.01290 0.01520 0.00000 0.00000 0.00230
O1 0.02560 0.03110 0.02250 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00320
O2 0.02870 0.01590 0.02770 0.00000 0.00000 0.00330
O3 0.01840 0.02180 0.02670 0.00120 -0.00060 -0.00060
O4 0.02290 0.01570 0.03570 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00270
O5 0.02230 0.02580 0.01720 0.00000 0.00000 0.00010
O6 0.01560 0.02560 0.02270 -0.00210 0.00260 0.00470
OW7 0.02140 0.03030 0.04100 0.00000 0.00000 0.01740
OW8 0.01380 0.04400 0.05100 0.00000 0.00000 0.02930
OW9 0.02200 0.03330 0.02110 -0.00940 0.00240 -0.00160
OW10 0.02080 0.01920 0.03330 -0.00170 -0.00490 0.00050
OW11 0.03010 0.02120 0.04120 0.00020 -0.01170 0.00510
OW12 0.02810 0.02970 0.02150 0.00400 0.00060 0.00380
OW13 0.02030 0.02290 0.04790 0.00000 0.00000 -0.01140
OW14 0.07680 0.01760 0.02700 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00420
OW15 0.04040 0.03010 0.03260 0.00020 0.00810 -0.00350

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
4.302 Å	(100)
4.184 Å	(22)
3.262 Å	(20)
2.803 Å	(32)
2.786 Å	(43)
2.767 Å	(51)
2.742 Å	(48)
2.670 Å	(51)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44)	<0.54

Type Occurrence of HazeniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ South shore, Mono Lake, Mono County, California, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

radiating elongated tabular or prismatic clusters or single crystals up to 0.06 x 0.12 x 0.40 mm

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

University of Arizona Mineral Museum

Geological Setting of Type Material:

in dried-out or decomposed algae on porous calcite and aragonite

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Calcite

Aragonite

Reference:

Yang, H., Sun, H.J., Downs, R.T. (2011) Hazenite, KNaMg2(PO4)2·14H2O, a new biologically related phosphate mineral, from Mono Lake, California, U.S.A. American Mineralogist: 96: 675–681.

Synonyms of HazeniteHide

IMA2007-061

Relationship of Hazenite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Struvite Group

Other Members of this group:

Struvite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · 6H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
Struvite-(K)	KMg(PO₄) · 6H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

8.CH.05	Walentaite	Fe³⁺₃(P_0.84As_0.16O₄)₂(O,OH)₆As³⁺_2.56Ca_0.42Na_0.28Mn²⁺_0.35Fe²⁺_0.30O_6.1(OH)_0.9(H₂O)_0.9	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
8.CH.05	Natrowalentaite	[Fe³⁺_0.5Na_0.5(H₂O)₆][NaAs³⁺₂(Fe³⁺_2.33W⁶⁺_0.67)(PO₄)₂O₇]	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
8.CH.05	Halilsarpite	[Mg(H₂O)₆][CaAs³⁺₂(Fe³⁺_2.67Mo⁶⁺_0.33)(AsO₄)₂O₇]	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
8.CH.10	Anapaite	Ca₂Fe²⁺(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
8.CH.15	Picropharmacolite	Ca₄Mg(AsO₄)₂(HAsO₄)₂ · 11H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
8.CH.20	Dittmarite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
8.CH.20	Niahite	(NH₄)(Mn²⁺,Mg)(PO₄) · H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
8.CH.25	Francoanellite	K₃Al₅(PO₃OH)₆(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O	Trig.
8.CH.25	Taranakite	(K,NH₄)Al₃(PO₄)₃(OH) · 9H₂O	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
8.CH.30	Schertelite	(NH₄)₂MgH₂(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
8.CH.35	Hannayite	(NH₄)₂Mg₃H₄(PO₄)₄ · 8H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
8.CH.40	Struvite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄) · 6H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
8.CH.40	Struvite-(K)	KMg(PO₄) · 6H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
8.CH.45	Rimkorolgite	(Mg,Mn)₅(Ba,Sr,Ca)(PO₄)₄ · 8H₂O	Orth.
8.CH.50	Bakhchisaraitsevite	Na₂Mg₅(PO₄)₄ · 7H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
8.CH.55	Fahleite	CaZn₅Fe³⁺₂(AsO₄)₆ · 14H₂O	Orth.
8.CH.55	Smolyaninovite	Co₃Fe³⁺₂(AsO₄)₄ · 11H₂O	Orth.
8.CH.60	Barahonaite-(Al)	(Ca,Cu,Na,Fe³⁺,Al)₁₂Al₂(AsO₄)₈(OH,Cl)_x · nH₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
8.CH.60	Barahonaite-(Fe)	(Ca,Cu,Na,Fe³⁺,Al)₁₂Fe³⁺₂(AsO₄)₈(OH,Cl)_x · nH₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
8.CH.70	Epifanovite	NaCaCu₅(PO₄)₄[AsO₂(OH)₂] · 7H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
8.CH.75	Esdanaite-(Ce)	NaMnCe(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2₁ 2₁ 2₁

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for HazeniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-38992.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for HazeniteHide

Reference List:

Yang, H., Sun, H.J. (2004) Crystal structure of a new phosphate compound, Mg2KNa(PO4)2·14H2O. Journal of Solid State Chemistry: 177: 2991-2997.

(2023) Hazenite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for HazeniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

USA (TL)

California

Mono County

Mono Lake

ⓘ South shore (TL)

Yang et al. (2011)

Hazenite

About HazeniteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of HazeniteHide

Classification of HazeniteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of HazeniteHide

Optical Data of HazeniteHide

Chemistry of HazeniteHide

Crystallography of HazeniteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of HazeniteHide

Synonyms of HazeniteHide

Relationship of Hazenite to other SpeciesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for HazeniteHide

References for HazeniteHide

Localities for HazeniteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide