	*(2008) Macroscopic geological structures of the Napier and Rayner Complexes, East Antarctica. Special Publication, 308. Geological Society of London. 139-146 doi:10.1144/sp308.6*	Report (chapter)
	geological structures of the Napier and Rayner Complexes, East Antarctica T. Toyoshima, Y. Osanai and...geological structures of the Napier and Rayner Complexes, East Antarctica T. TOYOSHIMA1, Y. OSANAI2 &...presents a form-line map of the Napier and Rayner Complexes, East Antarctica, constructed from attitude data...south-trending folds are also abundant in the Napier Complex. Dome-and-basin fold patterns on a regional...map of key mineral assemblages show that the Napier Complex is not uniform and includes at least two types
	(2008) Carbonic fluids in ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism: evidence from Raman spectroscopic study of fluid inclusions in granulites from the Napier Complex, East Antarctica. Special Publication, 308. Geological Society of London. 317-332 doi:10.1144/sp308.15	Report (chapter)
	inclusions in granulites from the Napier Complex, East Antarctica T. Tsunogae, M. Santosh, J. Dubessy...inclusions in granulites from the Napier Complex, East Antarctica T. TSUNOGAE1,2, M. SANTOSH3, J. DUBESSY4...(UHT) granulites from the Napier Complex of Enderby Land, East Antarctica. Fluid inclusions in various...garnet, orthopyroxene and sapphirine from three UHT localities in the Amundsen Bay area were studied in terms...0.1 mol%). CH4-bearing fluid associated with sapphirine granulites suggests low oxygen fugacity ( f O2)
	*(2008) An overview of geological studies of JARE in the Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica. Special Publication, 308. Geological Society of London. 121-138 doi:10.1144/sp308.5*	Report (chapter)
	geological studies of JARE in the Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica Hideo Ishizuka Geological Society...geological studies of JARE in the Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica HIDEO ISHIZUKA Department of...geochemistry and geochronology of the Napier Complex in Enderby Land, East Antarctica. Detailed field investigations...Riiser-Larsen area and Tonagh Island, revealed that the Napier Complex comprises layered and massive...as thin layers, or blocks or pods, but on Tonagh Island the boundary is closely associated with the shear
	Shimizu, Hisako, Tsunogae, Toshiaki, Santosh, M. (2013) Petrology and phase equilibrium modeling of sapphirine + quartz assemblage from the Napier Complex, East Antarctica: Diagnostic evidence for Neoarchean ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism. Geoscience Frontiers, 4 (6) 655-666 doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2012.09.001	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	equilibrium modeling of sapphirine þ quartz assemblage from the Napier Complex, East Antarctica: Diagnostic evidence...contain equilibrium sapphirine þ quartz assemblage from two localities (Tonagh Island (TI) and Priestley...Priestley Peak (PP)) in the Napier Complex, East Antarctica, provides unequivocal evidence for extreme crustal...The reaction microstructures associated with sapphirine þ quartz vary among the samples, probably suggesting...conditions during the metamorphic evolution. Sapphirine and quartz in TI sample were probably in equilibrium
	(2008) Geodynamic evolution of Mt. Riiser-Larsen, Napier Complex, East Antarctica, with reference to the UHT mineral associations and their reaction relations. Special Publication, 308. Geological Society of London. 253-282 doi:10.1144/sp308.13	Report (chapter)
	Geodynamic evolution of Mt. Riiser-Larsen, Napier Complex, East Antarctica, with reference to the UHT mineral...Geodynamic evolution of Mt. Riiser-Larsen, Napier Complex, East Antarctica, with reference to the UHT mineral...in the Archaean–early Proterozoic Napier Complex, East Antarctica. The area is structurally divided into...pseudotachylite. Mineral parageneses including sapphirine þ quartz and osumilite, diagnostic of ultrahigh-temperature...Blocks of the Mt. Riiser-Larsen area. Some of the sapphirine–quartz associations are accompanied by retrograde
	CHOI, S, MUKASA, S, ANDRONIKOV, A, OSANAI, Y, HARLEY, S, KELLY, N (2006) Lu–Hf systematics of the ultra-high temperature Napier Metamorphic Complex in Antarctica: Evidence for the early Archean differentiation of Earth's mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 246 (3) 305-316 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04.012	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	of the ultra-high temperature Napier Metamorphic Complex in Antarctica: Evidence for the early Archean...May 2006 Editor: R.W. Carlson Abstract The Napier Complex of the East Antarctic Craton comprises some...Archean–Proterozoic boundary. Garnet, orthopyroxene, sapphirine, osumilite, rutile and a whole rock representing...source materials for the magmas that formed the Napier Complex were extremely depleted (> + 5.6 εHf at 3.85...granulite; Lu–Hf isotope; zircon; Archean; Napier Complex; Antarctica 1. Introduction ⁎ Corresponding author
	Sato, Kei, Miyamoto, Tomoharu, Kawasaki, Toshisuke (2006) Experimental calibration of sapphirine–spinel Fe2+–Mg exchange thermometer: Implication for constraints on P–T condition of Howard Hills, Napier Complex, East Antarctica. Gondwana Research, 9 (4) 398-408 doi:10.1016/j.gr.2006.01.001	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	elsevier.com/locate/gr Experimental calibration of sapphirine–spinel Fe 2+ –Mg exchange thermometer: Implication...on P–T condition of Howard Hills, Napier Complex, East Antarctica Kei Sato a,b,⁎, Tomoharu Miyamoto c...The Fe2+–Mg distribution coefficients between sapphirine and spinel: KD ¼ Spr X Spl Fe X Mg Spr X Spl...paragenesis of these minerals from the Napier Complex in East Antarctica [XMg = Mg / (Fe + Mg); XFe = Fe /.../ (Fe + Mg)]. A new sapphirine– spinel geothermometer has been obtained as: lnKD ¼ −1:257 þ ½2940 þ 9:5ðP
	*(2008) Empirical thermometer of TiO2 in quartz for ultrahigh-temperature granulites of East Antarctica. Special Publication, 308. Geological Society of London. 419-430 doi:10.1144/sp308.21*	Report (chapter)
	for ultrahigh-temperature granulites of East Antarctica Toshisuke Kawasaki and Yasuhito Osanai Geological...for ultrahigh-temperature granulites of East Antarctica TOSHISUKE KAWASAKI1 & YASUHITO OSANAI2 1 Department...082 wt% TiO2 on average from Bunt Island, Napier Complex, East Antarctica and a synthetic TiO2 – SiO2...solubility of TiO2 in silica minerals with temperature. Bunt quartz was converted to cristobalite and traversed...gave 0.308 wt% TiO2 for the bulk composition of the Bunt quartz. This indicates that needles of rutile exsolved
	Tsunogae, Toshiaki, Osanai, Yasuhito, Owada, Masaaki, Toyoshima, Tsuyoshi, Hokada, Tomokazu, Crowe, Warwick A (2003) High fluorine pargasites in ultrahigh temperature granulites from Tonagh Island in the Archean Napier Complex, East Antarctica. Lithos, 70 (1) 21-38 doi:10.1016/s0024-4937(03)00087-2	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	granulites from Tonagh Island in the Archean Napier Complex, East Antarctica Toshiaki Tsunogae a,, Yasuhito...(XF) of up to 0.48) from Tonagh Island* in Enderby Land, East Antarctica are closely associated with typical...calculated for the ultrahigh-temperature Archean Napier Complex. Although experimental investigations have...the ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism at Tonagh Island. A positive correlation between the F content of...Halogen; Pargasite; Granulite-facies; Napier complex; East Antarctica 1. Introduction * Corresponding author
	*Osanai, Yasuhito, Nakano, Nobuhiko, Adachi, Tatsuro (2017) Recent progress in lower crustal process:. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 123 (10) 879-906 doi:10.5575/geosoc.2017.0059*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	identified by a characteristic mineral assemblage of sapphirine + quartz±garnet, orthopyroxene + sillimanite±quartz...including in the Napier Complex of East Antarctica, southern Indian peninsular, Highland Complex of Sri Lanka...north China, Limpopo Belt in Africa, Lewisian Complex in Scotland and other terranes. These geological...Photomicrographs of UHT granulites from the Napier Complex (a–c), Highland Complex (d–f), Kontum Massif (g– h) and...granulite from Bunt Island. (b) Grt + Os association in Spr–Os–Grt–Opx granulite from Bunt Island. (c) Spl
	Kawasaki, Toshisuke, Nakano, Nobuhiko, Osanai, Yasuhito (2011) Osumilite and a spinel+quartz association in garnet–sillimanite gneiss from Rundvågshetta, Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica. Gondwana Research, 19 (2) 430-445 doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.07.008	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	gneiss from Rundvågshetta, Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica Toshisuke Kawasaki a,⁎, Nobuhiko Nakano...coexistence Rundvågshetta Lützow–Holm Complex East Antarctica a b s t r a c t This is the ﬁrst report...gneiss from Rundvågshetta, Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica. The osumilite is characterized by high...prograde metamorphism within the kyanite and sapphirine+ quartz ﬁelds; (2) subsequent retrograde metamorphism...1. Introduction The Lützow-Holm Complex (Fig. 1) in East Antarctica played a major role in the tectonic
	ISHIZUKA, Hideo (2008) Protoliths of the Napier Complex in Enderby Land, East Antarctica; an overview and implication for crustal formation of Archaean continents. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 103 (4) 218-225 doi:10.2465/jmps.080328	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	REVIEW Protoliths of the Napier Complex in Enderby Land, East Antarctica; an overview and implication...(UHT) metamorphic rocks of the Napier Complex in Enderby Land, East Antarctica, consist of mantle protolith...intra oceanic island arc and related subduction regime. Subsequently, the Napier Complex was stabilized...- - - Keywords: Greenstone granite belt, Napier Complex, Subduction regime, TTG suite, UHT metamorphism...Earth’s own activities. The Napier Complex occurs in Enderby Land, East Antarctica (Fig. 1). After the reconnaissance
	SAJEEV, K., OSANAI, Yasuhito (2004) Osumilite and spinel+quartz from Sri Lanka: Implications for UHT conditions and retrograde P-T path. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 99 (5) 320-327 doi:10.2465/jmps.99.320	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	rock in the southwestern part of the Highland Complex in Sri Lanka. Garnet porphyroblasts in the matrix...metamorphic conditions in southwestern Highland Complex, and also suggest the existence of a possible UHT...These are: Wanni Complex, Kadugannawa Complex, Highland Complex and Vijayan Complex (Fig. 1). Among these...these terranes, the Highland Complex was subjected to the highest − grade metamorphism. This terrane...western Highland Complex, eastern Highland Complex and southwestern Highland Complex based on the model
	OSANAI, Yasuhito, NAKANO, Nobuhiko, OWADA, Masaaki, NAM, Tran Ngoc, TOYOSHIMA, Tsuyoshi, TSUNOGAE, Toshiaki, BINH, Pham (2004) Permo-Triassic ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in the Kontum massif, central Vietnam. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 99 (4) 225-241 doi:10.2465/jmps.99.225	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	(the Kannak Complex), Proterozoic amphibolite − facies metamorphic rocks (the Ngoc Linh Complex) and low...low − grade schists (the Kham Duc Complex). They were thought to be the basement of the Indochina Craton...Craton in south − east Asia. The Kannak Complex is dominated by pelitic − semipelitic gneisses metamorphosed...temperature pelitic metamorphic rocks in this complex are garnet − orthopyroxene − sillimanite − cordierite...temperature mafic granulite) from the Ngoc Linh Complex shows a series of changes in divariant assemblages
	*(2008) Geosciences research in East Antarctica (0°E–60°E): present status and future perspectives. Special Publication, 308. Geological Society of London. 1-20 doi:10.1144/sp308.1*	Report (chapter)
	on March 6, 2015 Geosciences research in East Antarctica (088E – 6088E): present status and future perspectives...palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographical studies, Antarctica plays a unique role in our understanding of the...of East Antarctica, especially in the Dronning Maud Land and Enderby Land regions. Enderby Land preserves...Mesoproterozoic to Palaeozoic history of Dronning Maud Land is extremely important in understanding the formation...Present understanding of the evolution of East Antarctica in terms of global tectonics allows us to visualize
	KAWASAKI, Toshisuke, MOTOYOSHI, Yoichi (2016) Ti–in–garnet thermometer for ultrahigh–temperature granulites. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 111 (3) 226-240 doi:10.2465/jmps.150709	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	granulites, Ti ! Si substitution, Napier Complex, Lützow–Holm Complex INTRODUCTION Rutile needles have...jp the porphyroblastic garnet, orthopyroxene, sapphirine, osumilite, K–feldspar (mesoperthite) and quartz...ultrahigh–temperature granulites from Napier complex, East Antarctica (Kawasaki and Motoyoshi, 2000; Osanai...quartzofeldspathic gneiss from Mt. Riiser–Larsen, Napier Complex, East Antarctica. These reports indicate that the host...Lützow–Holm Complex and McIntyre Island (Kawasaki and Motoyoshi, 2000) from Napier Complex, East Antarctica
	*Santosh, M., Omori, S. (2008) CO2 flushing: A plate tectonic perspective. Gondwana Research, 13 (1) 86-102 doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.07.003*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	mesoscopic scales as reported from southern and eastern India, Sri Lanka and Madagascar (eg: Srikantappa...2.3.1. Napier Complex, East Antarctica The Napier Complex of Enderby Land in East Antarctica, a fragment...assemblages occur in Amundsen Bay area towards the western part of the Complex. The orthopyroxene–si...commonly present in sapphirine, garnet, orthopyroxene and quartz from the Tonagh Island granulites. They...250 inclusions. Inclusions in quartz within the sapphirine granulite also occur as isolated clusters corresponding
	Kawasaki, Toshisuke, Motoyoshi, Yoichi (2007) Solubility of TiO₂ in garnet and orthopyroxene: Ti thermometer for ultrahigh-temperature granulites. Open-File Report Vol. 2007 (2007-1047-SRP-038) US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr20071047srp038	Report (issue)
	thermometer for ultrahigh-temperature granulites, in Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World – Online Proceedings...orthopyroxene, sapphirine, osumilite, K-feldspar (mesoperthite) and quartz of the UHT granulites from Napier complex...complex, East Antarctica (Kawasaki and Motoyoshi, 2000; Osanai et al., 2001; Osanai and Yoshimura, 2002)...orthopyroxene granulite from McIntyre Island, Enderby Land, East Antarctica. Polar Geosci., 13, 114–133. Kawasaki...peak of a granulite from McIntyre Island, Enderby Land, East Antarctica. Gondwana Res., 4, 749–756. Kawasaki
	Adjerid, Z., Godard, G., Ouzegane, KH., Kienast, J.-R. (2013) Multistage progressive evolution of rare osumilite-bearing assemblages preserved in ultrahigh-temperature granulites from In Ouzzal (Hoggar, Algeria) Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 31 (5) 505-524 doi:10.1111/jmg.12031	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Algeria). The main peak assemblages are osumilite + sapphirine + biotite + orthopyroxene + sillimanite and osumilite...(Sandiford et al., 1987), the Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex, South Africa (Nowicki et al., 1995; 505 506... southern Madagascar (J€ ons & Schenk, 2011), Eastern Ghats, India (Bhattacharya & Kar, 2002; Kar & Bhattacharya...Lanka (Sajeev & Osanai, 2004) and Enderby Land, Antarctica (Napier Complex: Ellis, 1980; Ellis et al., 1980;...Hensen, 2001; Osanai et al., 2001; L€ utzow-Holm Complex: Kawasaki et al., 2011), together with the UHT
	Santosh, M., Tsunogae, T., Ohyama, H., Sato, K., Li, J.H., Liu, S.J. (2008) Carbonic metamorphism at ultrahigh-temperatures: Evidence from North China Craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 266 (1) 149-165 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.058	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) mineral assemblages including sapphirine + quartz, high alumina orthopyroxene + sillimanite...typically occur in Mg–Al-rich lithologies and include sapphirine+ quartz, orthopyroxene + sillimanite ± quartz...tectonic settings ranging from Archean cratons (e.g. Antarctica, Algeria, Siberia) to younger mobile belts including...AFR, Africa; IND, India; AUS, Australia; ANT, Antarctica; NAM, North America; SIB, Siberia; BAL, Baltica;...Angara; NHO, Ca, Capricorn; Ci, Central Indian; Eg, Eastern Ghats; Fo, Fox; Gf, Great Falls; Ke, Ketilidian;
	Dharmapriya, P.L., Malaviarachchi, Sanjeeva P.K., Galli, Andrea, Su, Ben-Xun, Subasinghe, N.D., Dissanayake, C.B. (2015) Rare evidence for formation of garnet+corundum during isobaric cooling of ultrahigh temperature metapelites: New insights for retrograde P–T trajectory of the Highland Complex, Sri Lanka. Lithos, 220. 300-317 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2015.01.015	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	for retrograde P-T trajectory of the Highland Complex, Sri Lanka P.L. Dharmapriya, S.P.K. Malaviarachchi...for retrograde P-T trajectory of the Highland Complex, Sri Lanka, LITHOS (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.lithos...for retrograde P-T trajectory of the Highland Complex, NU P. L. Dharmapriya1, 2, S. P. K. Malaviarachchi1...gneiss (pelitic granulites) from the Highland IP Complex* (HC), Sri Lanka. In the investigated pelitic granulites...corundum; UHT metamorphism; Isobaric cooling; Highland Complex; T Sri Lanka SC R IP 1. Introduction Ultrahigh-temperature
	Ohyama, Hiroyuki, Tsunogae, Toshiaki, Santosh, M. (2008) CO2-rich fluid inclusions in staurolite and associated minerals in a high-pressure ultrahigh-temperature granulite from the Gondwana suture in southern India. Lithos, 101 (3) 177-190 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2007.07.004	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	in garnet as prograde phases, while retrograde sapphirine, spinel, cordierite, and corundum are present...decompression stage after peak metamorphism. (e) Sapphirine + cordierite ± anorthite symplectite between...corundum, and sillimanite with accessory kyanite, sapphirine, staurolite, and plagioclase (Fig. 2a). Garnet...cordierite + spinel + anorthite, cordierite + sapphirine + anorthite, and corundum + cordierite (Fig.... sillimanite, corundum, cordierite and minor sapphirine, spinel, staurolite, plagioclase, and apatite
	TSUNOGAE, Toshiaki, VAN REENEN, Dirk D. (2007) Carbonic fluid inclusions in sapphirine + quartz bearing garnet granulite from the Limpopo Belt, southern Africa. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 102 (1) 57-60 doi:10.2465/jmps.060829	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	granulite 57 LETTER Carbonic fluid inclusions in sapphirine + quartz bearing garnet granulite from the Limpopo...Auckland Park 2006, Republic of South Africa Sapphirine + quartz bearing garnet granulite from the Central...form unique sapphirine + quartz assemblage. Keywords: Carbonic fluid inclusion, Sapphirine + quartz, Granulite...et al., 1990). Recently, we discovered a new sapphirine + quartz assemblage within garnet in a garnet...(~ 3 cm) and contains numerous inclusions of sapphirine, staurolite, orthopyroxene, quartz, kyanite,
	Hrushikesh, H., Prabhakar, N., Bhattacharya, A. (2019) Mesoproterozoic P–T–t–d history in the Vinjamuru domain, Nellore schist belt (SE India), and implications for SE India–East Antarctica correlation. Precambrian Research, 327. 273-295 doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2019.04.002	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	(SE India), and implications for SE India–East Antarctica correlation H. Hrushikesh, N. Prabhakar, A. Bhattacharya...(SE India), and implications for SE India–East Antarctica correlation, Precambrian Research (2019), doi:...2 India), and implications for SE India–East Antarctica correlation Hrushikesh H1, Prabhakar N1, Bhattacharya...those 48 recorded in the basement rocks of East Antarctica, suggesting a possible tectonic linkage 49 ...schist; P–T–t–d path; 52 monazite dating; East Antarctica* 53 54 1. INTRODUCTION 55 The South Indian
	Santosh, M., Omori, S. (2008) CO2 windows from mantle to atmosphere: Models on ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and speculations on the link with melting of snowball Earth. Gondwana Research, 14 (1) 82-96 doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.11.001	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	diagnostic mineral assemblages such as such as sapphirine + quartz, spinel + quartz, orthopyroxene + sillimanite...granulite terranes including East Antarctica, southern and eastern India, South America, southern Africa...comes from the Tonagh Island in the Napier Complex of East Antarctica where sapphirine-bearing granulites...UHT localities in the Amundsen Bay area of the Napier Complex in East Antarctica confirmed a near-pure...granulites pass through the peak P–T conditions of the Napier metamorphism (T = 1000–1150 °C, P = 8–10 kbar)

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Sapphirine from Bunt Island, Amundsen Bay, Tula Mountains, Napier Complex, Enderby Land, Eastern Antarctica, Antarctica

Sapphirine from
Bunt Island, Amundsen Bay, Tula Mountains, Napier Complex, Enderby Land, Eastern Antarctica, Antarctica