Sapphirine
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Sapphirine
Formula:
Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]
Colour:
Light blue, blue-gray, green, greenish gray, rarely yellow-brown or pink
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7½
Specific Gravity:
3.4 - 3.5
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
In allusion to its sapphire-like blue color. First collected by K.L. Giesecke at the old harbour of Fiskenæsset, West Greenland on 5 August 1890. He called it "blauer Diamantspath (saphirin)". Later Stromeyer (1819, 1821) gave the first description of Giesecke’s mineral. He later changed the spelling of the name to the current one with a double p: sapphirine.
Several polytypes are known: -2M and -1A are the most common ones. - 3A, -4M and -5A are found as domains ranging from less than 100 Å to several thousand Å thick (Christy and Putnis 1988).
May be confused with serendibite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Sapphirine.
May be confused with serendibite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Sapphirine.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3531
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3531:2
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
5f0b58d5-59ce-4802-b1c0-1b6de6a06b9d
IMA Classification of Sapphirine
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1819
Classification of Sapphirine
9.DH.45
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
69.2.1b.1
69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
2 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2
69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
2 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2
16.7.2
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
7 : Aluminosilicates of Mg
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
7 : Aluminosilicates of Mg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Spr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Spr | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Spr | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Spr | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Spr | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Sapphirine
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Light blue, blue-gray, green, greenish gray, rarely yellow-brown or pink
Streak:
colourless
Hardness:
7½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
{100}, {001}, and {010}
{100}, {001}, and {010}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.4 - 3.5 g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Sapphirine
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.701 - 1.729 nβ = 1.703 - 1.732 nγ = 1.705 - 1.734
2V:
Measured: 51° to 69°, Calculated: 78° to 88°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.004 - 0.005
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r < v
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = pinkish buff, yellowish, light smoky brown, colourless
Y = sky-blue, sapphire-blue, greenish blue
Z = dark sky-blue, dark sapphire-blue
Y = sky-blue, sapphire-blue, greenish blue
Z = dark sky-blue, dark sapphire-blue
Chemistry of Sapphirine
Mindat Formula:
Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]
Elements listed:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| SiO2 | 14.6 % |
| Al2O3 | 58.7 % |
| TiO2 | 0.1 % |
| FeO(tot) | 9.2 % |
| MgO | 16.9 % |
| MnO | 0.1 % |
| Total: | 99.6 % |
wt%
| 2 | |
|---|---|
| Si | 4.02 % |
| Al | 27.19 % |
| Fe | 4.22 % |
| Mg | 5.71 % |
| O | 58.86 % |
| Total: | 100 % |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sapphirine locality, Ivesdalsfjellet, Vikeså, Bjerkreim, Rogaland, Norway | Microprobe analyses | |
| 2 | Sapphirine occurrence, Grønnøya, Meløy, Nordland, Norway | Microbrobe. O determined by substraction |
Crystallography of Sapphirine
Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
| Sapphirine-1A | Sapphirine-2M |
|---|---|
| (Mg,Al,Fe2+)8[(Al,Si,Fe3+)6O18]O2 | Mg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36] |
| Triclinic | Monoclinic |
| 1 - Pinacoidal | 2/m - Prismatic |
| P1 | P21/b |
| P21/c | |
| a = 10.04 Å, b = 10.38 Å, c = 8.65 Å α = 107.6°, β = 95.1°, γ = 123.9° | a = 11.27 Å, b = 14.4 Å, c = 9.93 Å β = 125.5° |
| a:b:c = 0.967 : 1 : 0.833 | a:b:c = 0.783 : 1 : 0.69 |
| V 674.36 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) | V 1312 ų |
| 2 | 4 |
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000187 | Sapphirine | Moore P B (1969) The crystal structure of sapphirine American Mineralogist 54 31-49 |  | 1969 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006761 | Sapphirine | Barbier J (1998) Crystal structures of sapphirine and surinamite analogues in the MgO-Ga2O3-GeO2 system European Journal of Mineralogy 10 1283-1293 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0010820 | Sapphirine | Merlino S (1980) Crystal structure of sapphirine-1Tc Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 151 91-100 | | 1980 | Wilson Lake, Labrador, Canada | 0 | 293 |
| 0012321 | Sapphirine | Higgins J B, Ribbe P H (1979) A neutron and x-ray diffraction study of (Mg-Al)VI and (Si-Al)IV ordering monoclinic sapphirine Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 68 357-368 | 1979 | Bekily, Madagasgar | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012322 | Sapphirine | Higgins J B, Ribbe P H (1979) A neutron and x-ray diffraction study of (Mg-Al)VI and (Si-Al)IV ordering monoclinic sapphirine Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 68 357-368 | 1979 | Bekily, Madagasgar | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| - Å | () |
Comments:
The X-ray powder diffraction data is presented on the polytype pages.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 1: Primary nebular phases | 4.567-4.561 |
| 4 : Primary chondrule phases | 4.566–4.561 |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 48 : Soil leaching zone minerals | <0.6 |
Geological Setting:
In high-temperature metamorphic rocks or xenoliths with abundant aluminium and magnesium and low silicon. May occur as a primary magmatic mineral in subsilicic rocks.
Type Occurrence of Sapphirine
Synonyms of Sapphirine
Other Language Names for Sapphirine
Varieties of Sapphirine
| Beryllium-bearingSapphirine | A beryllium-bearing variety of sapphirine. Composition range may overlap with that of khmaralite. |
| Chromium-bearing Sapphirine | May contain as much as 5.5 wt.% Cr2O3. |
Relationship of Sapphirine to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Addibischoffite | Ca2Al6Al6O20 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Khmaralite | (Mg,Al,Fe)16[(Al,Si,Be)12O36]O4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Louisfuchsite | Ca2(Mg4Ti2)(Al4Si2)O20 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| UM2002-52-SiO:AlFeMg | Mg4(Mg1.5Fe+20.3Fe+31.6Al8.5)O4[Si1.7Al10.3O36] | |
| Warkite | Ca2Sc6Al6O20 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 61 photos of Sapphirine associated with Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 56 photos of Sapphirine associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 45 photos of Sapphirine associated with Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| 7 photos of Sapphirine associated with Scapolite | |
| 6 photos of Sapphirine associated with Gedrite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Sapphirine associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Sapphirine associated with Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| 2 photos of Sapphirine associated with Corundum | Al2O3 |
| 1 photo of Sapphirine associated with Rutile | TiO2 |
| 1 photo of Sapphirine associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DH. | Gageite-2M | (Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| 9.DH. | Bavsiite | Ba2V2O2[Si4O12] |
| 9.DH. | Devilliersite | Ca4Ca2Fe3+10O4[(Fe3+10Si2)O36] |
| 9.DH. | Yuzuxiangite | Sr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| 9.DH. | Louisfuchsite | Ca2(Mg4Ti2)(Al4Si2)O20 |
| 9.DH.05 | Leucophanite | NaCaBeSi2O6F |
| 9.DH.10 | Ohmilite | Sr3(Ti,Fe3+)(Si4O12)(O,OH) · 2-3H2O |
| 9.DH.15 | Haradaite | SrVSi2O7 |
| 9.DH.15 | Suzukiite | BaVSi2O7 |
| 9.DH.20 | Batisite | BaNaNaTi2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.20 | Shcherbakovite | (K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.20 | Noonkanbahite | BaKNaTi2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.25 | Taikanite | Sr3BaMn2+2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.DH.30 | Krauskopfite | BaSi2O5 · 3H2O |
| 9.DH.35 | Balangeroite | (Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+)42Si16O54(OH)40 |
| 9.DH.35 | Gageite | Mn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20 |
| 9.DH.40 | Aenigmatite | Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Dorrite | Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Si3Al8Fe3+O36) |
| 9.DH.40 | Høgtuvaite | Ca4[Fe2+6Fe3+6]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Krinovite | Na2Mg4Cr3+2(Si6O18)O2 |
| 9.DH.40 | Makarochkinite | (Ca,Na)4[Fe2+8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Rhönite | Ca4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Serendibite | Ca4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Welshite | Ca4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36] |
| 9.DH.40 | Wilkinsonite | Na2Fe2+4Fe3+2(Si6O18)O2 |
| 9.DH.40 | Leucorhönite | Ca2(Mg,Fe3+,Al)6(Si,Al)6O20 |
| 9.DH.40 | Kuratite | Ca2(Fe2+5Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18] |
| 9.DH.40 | Khesinite | Ca4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Fe3+9Si3)O36 |
| 9.DH.40 | UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNa | Na4(Mg5Fe3+7)O4[Si9Fe3+3O36] |
| 9.DH.50 | Khmaralite | (Mg,Al,Fe)16[(Al,Si,Be)12O36]O4 |
| 9.DH.55 | Surinamite | (Mg,Fe)3Al4BeSi3O16 |
| 9.DH.55 | UM1988-26-SiO:AlMg | Mg4Al2O[Si3Al2O15] |
| 9.DH.60 | Deerite | (Fe,Mn)6(Fe,Al)3[Si6O17]O3(OH)5 |
| 9.DH.65 | Howieite | Na(Fe,Mn)10(Fe,Al)2Si12O31(OH)13 |
| 9.DH.65 | Taneyamalite | (Na,Ca)(Mn,Mg,Fe)12Si12(O,OH)44 |
| 9.DH.70 | Johninnesite | Na2Mn2+9Mg7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2 |
| 9.DH.75 | Agrellite | NaCa2Si4O10F |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Sapphirine in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Sapphirine
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3531.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Sapphirine
Reference List:
Ackermand, D., Seifert, F., Schreyer, W. (1975) Instability of sapphirine at high pressures. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 50 (2) 79-92 doi:10.1007/bf00373328
Grew, Edward S. (1983) A grandidierite-sapphirine association from India. Mineralogical Magazine, 47 (344) 401-403 doi:10.1180/minmag.1983.047.344.20
ACKERMAND, D., HERD, R.K., REINHARDT, M., WINDLEY, B.F. (1987) Sapphirine parageneses from the Caraiba complex, Bahia, Brazil: the influence of Fe2+-Fe3+ distribution on the stability of sapphirine in natural assemblages. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 5 (3) 323-339 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1987.tb00388.x
Localities for Sapphirine
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Deer (1978) |
Algeria | |
| M. Guiraud |
Antarctica | |
| Ellis et al. (1980) |
| Journal of Petrology et al. (7) |
| gsa.confex.com (n.d.) +2 other references | |
| granulite-facies rocks of Casey Bay +1 other reference | |
| Grew (1981) +1 other reference |
| Grew (1981) +2 other references | |
| Polar Geoscience 14:1-24 |
| Grew et al. (2000) |
| Tsunogae et al. (2002) | |
| Grew (1982) | |
| Grew (1982) | |
| Y. Motoyoshi and B.J. Hensen |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 635-645 |
| Grew et al. (2007) |
| Laixi Tong et al. (1997) | |
| MinMag 58:259 (1994) | |
| Kawakami et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Hiroi et al. (2010) |
Australia | |
| Sutherland et al. (2003) |
| Min Mag 50:635-640 |
| Warren et al. (1974) |
| R.G.Warren & D.H.McColl 1983. ... | |
| Warren et al. (1983) | |
| Vry (1994) | |
| Neues Jahrb Mineral Monatsh1:15-35. (1976) | |
| Hudson et al. (1966) +1 other reference | |
| Oliver et al. (1965) |
| D.R.Hudson (1967) |
| Crooks et al. (2003) |
| Prider (1945) |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch (2019) |
| Carswell et al. (1989) +2 other references |
Canada | |
| Arima et al. (1991) |
| Meng et al. (1972) +1 other reference | |
| Owen et al. (1988) |
| Mineralogical Record 22:386 |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 635-645 |
| Sabina (1983) |
| Sabina (1983) | |
| Sabina (1983) | |
| Sabina (1983) | |
| Sabina (1983) | |
| Sabina (1983) | |
| Charlier (2010) |
| Perreault (2003) | |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
China | |
| Zhang et al. (2004) |
Czech Republic | |
| J. Kotkova |
| Waldmann (1931) |
Finland | |
| |
| Haapala +2 other references | |
| Rouhunkoski |
France | |
| FORESTIER F. H. (1969) |
| PERINET F. (2009) |
| Claude Laforêt |
Germany | |
| Frank-Uwe Braun |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| J.B.H. Jansen (1977) |
Greenland | |
| Boeggild (1953) +1 other reference |
| Bøggild (1953) |
| Bøggild (1953) |
| Petersen et al. (1993) | |
| J.Ralph |
| Petersen et al. (1980) |
| Friend (1982) | |
| Williams (1984) | |
| Stromeyer (1819) +1 other reference |
| Ackermand et al. (1983) | |
India | |
| Journal of Petrology: 31: 971-996. |
| Divya Prakash et al. (2015) | |
| Grew (1983) +2 other references | |
| American Mineralogist: 91: 375-384. | |
| Journal of Metamorphic Geology: 18: ... | |
| C.V. Dharma Rao et al. (2012) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 635-645 +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 635-645 | |
| Lenaz et al. (2021) | |
| Yuki Nishimiya (2018) |
Israel | |
| Ma et al. (2023) |
Italy | |
| Tumiati et al. (2018) |
| Tumiati et al. (2018) |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) |
| Simon et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli (2002) | |
| Mandarino (1996) | |
| Lensch (1971) |
Ivory Coast | |
| Gouedji et al. (2014) |
Kenya | |
| Ulianov et al. (2005) |
| - (n.d.) |
Libya | |
| Zhang et al. (2013) |
Madagascar | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-1269 |
| Ackermand et al. (1991) |
| Niedermayr (1998) |
| Bruyère et al. (2016) | |
| Royal Museum for Central Africa | |
| Razakamanana et al. (2006 ) +1 other reference |
| Razakamanana et al. (2006 ) | |
| Behier (1960) +1 other reference | |
| Besaire (1966) | |
| von Knorring et al. (1969) |
| Giuliani et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Behier (1963) |
| American Mineralogist 9:22 |
| Giuliani et al. (2007) | |
| School of Mines Mineralogy Museum |
| Guedes (2023) | |
| Hochleitner et al. (2024) | |
| B. Devouard et al. : "Occurrence of musgravite in anorthite-corundum-spinel-sapphirine rocks ("sakenites") |
| Giuliani et al. (2007) | |
| Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| Goujou (2005) | |
| Goujou (2005) | |
| Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| Giuliani +4 other references |
Norway | |
| Kihle et al. (2010) |
| Kihle et al. (1992) |
| Ohta (1968) |
| Kihle (1989) |
| Visser et al. (1992) | |
| Touret et al. (1971) |
| Nijland et al. (1998) |
| Robinson et al. (2008) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Østergaard (1969) |
| Østergaard (1969) | |
| Hermans et al. (1976) |
| Ohta (1968) |
| Nordrum (2012) |
| Larsen et al. (2013) | |
| Janák et al. (2015) |
Russia | |
| V. G. Korinevsky & I. A. Blinov (2016) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Dmitry Tonkacheev | |
| Igor Savin data |
Slovenia | |
| Janák et al. (2015) | |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Contrib Mineral Petrol (1985) |
| Contrib Mineral Petrol (1985) |
| Contrib Mineral Petrol (1985) | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference | |
Sri Lanka | |
| Kriegsman et al. (1999) |
| Kriegsman et al. (1999) | |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Sweden | |
| |
| Natural History Museum | |
Tajikistan | |
| Grew et al. (1998) |
| Grew et al. (1998) |
| Grew et al. (1998) | |
Tanzania | |
| ... +1 other reference |
Thailand | |
| Khamloet et al. (2014) |
| Li et al. (2023) | |
Uganda | |
| www.min.uni-kiel.de (n.d.) |
UK | |
| AmMin 85: 1474-1484 |
United Arab Emirates | |
| Geological Magazine 139 (3) |
USA | |
| Wilson (1929) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) +1 other reference | |
| AmMin 61:1194 |
| Schumacher and Robinson (6) |
| NY State Museum spec. no. 15779 |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 635-645 +1 other reference |
| King (n.d.) | |
| JMG |
| Forsyth Gem and Mineral Club +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout SapphirineUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Chemical AnalysisCrystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesVarietiesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationSapphirine in petrologyInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Morafeno thorianite deposit, Tranomaro, Amboasary Sud District, Anosy, Madagascar