Spinel
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About Spinel
Formula:
MgAl2O4
Colour:
Black, blue, red, violet , green, brown, pink
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7½ - 8
Specific Gravity:
3.6 - 4.1
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1779 by Jean Demeste from latin "spinella", little thorn, alluding to its sharp octahedral crystals. Confused with carbuncle = ruby in former times.
Spinel-Hercynite Series, Gahnite-Spinel Series, and the Magnesiochromite-Spinel Series.
Intensely coloured varieties due to the incorporation of various impurity elements. A few spinels from Sri Lanka can show an alexandrite colour change effect.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Spinel.
Intensely coloured varieties due to the incorporation of various impurity elements. A few spinels from Sri Lanka can show an alexandrite colour change effect.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Spinel.
Classification of Spinel
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
4/B.01-10
4.BB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
7.2.1.1
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7.4.9
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
4 : Oxides of Be, Mg and the alkaline earths
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
4 : Oxides of Be, Mg and the alkaline earths
Physical Properties of Spinel
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Splendent to dull
Colour:
Black, blue, red, violet , green, brown, pink
Streak:
Greyish white
Hardness:
7½ - 8 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Parting:
Separation plane {111} indistinct and probably represents parting rather than cleavage.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Splintery, Conchoidal
Density:
3.6 - 4.1 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.578 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Increases with iron and zinc content.
Optical Data of Spinel
Type:
Isotropic
RI values:
n = 1.719
Birefringence:
Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:
High
Type:
Isotropic
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Comments:
Anomalous in some blue zincian varieties.
Chemical Properties of Spinel
Formula:
MgAl2O4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ti,Fe,Zn,Mn,Ca
Chemical Analysis
Empirical formulas:
Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
---|---|
1 | (Fe0.84Mg0.69)Al1.92Si0.04O4 |
Crystallography of Spinel
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.0898(9) Å
Unit Cell V:
529.44 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Usually octahedral; less often modified by a{010} or d{011}; dodecahedral or cubic rare. Massive, coarse-granular to compact.
Twinning:
Common on {111} (spinel law), with twinned aggregates often flattened parallel to {111}, the composite plane. Sixlings due to repeated twinning noted.
Comment:
On synthetic material
Crystallographic forms of Spinel
Crystal Atlas:
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Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
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Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Epitaxial Relationships of Spinel
Epitaxial Minerals:
Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.66 | (35) |
2.858 | (40) |
2.437 | (100) |
2.020 | (65) |
1.5554 | (45) |
1.4289 | (55) |
1.0524 | (12) |
Synonyms of Spinel
Other Language Names for Spinel
Varieties of Spinel
Alkali-spinel | Variety of Spinel containing Na2O 1.38%, K2O 1.31%. Originally reported from Mansjöberg, Los, Ljusdal, Hälsingland, Sweden. |
Almandine Spinel | A misleading name for a natural purple spinel. |
Aluminium Spinel | Octahedral crystals from a slag said to give analyses corresponding to the formula listed below. |
Balas Ruby | An old name for rose-red spinel. |
Ceylonite | A ferroan spinel with Mg:Fe from 3:1 and 1:1 and little or no ferric iron. |
Chlorospinel | A ferrian variety of spinel containing Fe 3+ next in abundance after Al. |
Corundolite | An artificial Alumina-rich spinel |
Ferropicotite | A ferroan variety of spinel. |
Gahnospinel | A variety of spinel rich in zinc. May grade into gahnite. Originally reported from Gem gravels, Ratnapura, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka. |
Iron-magnesia Spinel | A ferroan variety of spinel. |
Magnesian Chromian Spinel | From DeBeers mine (kimberlites), associated, i.a., with hawthorneite. |
Magnochromite | A chromian variety of spinel. |
Pleonaste | A ferroan variety of spinel exhibiting crystal forms more complex than the basic octahedron with crystallography exhibiting combinations of the octahedron with either the dodecahedron d{011} or more rarely the cube a{001} forms. |
Rozircon | |
Rubicelle | Yellow to orange-red variety. |
Titano-spinel | A doubtful titanian spinel. Originally reported from Mikro-Lakka Emery deposit, Kerketeas Mt (Kerkis Mt), Sámos Island, Sámos Prefecture, Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department, Greece. |
Relationship of Spinel to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Cochromite | (Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. |
Dellagiustaite | V2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 | Iso. |
Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Nichromite | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Trevorite | Ni2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 | Iso. |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Calcite | 255 photos of Spinel associated with Calcite on mindat.org. |
Forsterite | 96 photos of Spinel associated with Forsterite on mindat.org. |
Clinohumite | 48 photos of Spinel associated with Clinohumite on mindat.org. |
Chondrodite | 40 photos of Spinel associated with Chondrodite on mindat.org. |
Diopside | 33 photos of Spinel associated with Diopside on mindat.org. |
Phlogopite | 32 photos of Spinel associated with Phlogopite on mindat.org. |
Pargasite | 25 photos of Spinel associated with Pargasite on mindat.org. |
Graphite | 24 photos of Spinel associated with Graphite on mindat.org. |
Marble | 23 photos of Spinel associated with Marble on mindat.org. |
Norbergite | 18 photos of Spinel associated with Norbergite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
4.BB. | Chenmingite | FeCr2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
4.BB. | Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Cochromite | (Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. |
4.BB.05 | Filipstadite | (Sb0.5Fe0.5)Mn2O4 | Iso. |
4.BB.05 | Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 | Iso. |
4.BB.05 | Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Nichromite | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 | |
4.BB.05 | Trevorite | Ni2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Ulvöspinel | TiFe2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
4.BB.05 | Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 | Iso. |
4.BB.10 | Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
4.BB.10 | Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
4.BB.10 | Hydrohetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 · H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
4.BB.10 | Iwakiite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
4.BB.15 | Maghemite | Fe3+2O3 | Iso. 4 3 2 : P41 3 2 |
4.BB.15 | Titanomaghemite | Fe3+(Fe3+,Ti4+,Fe2+,◻)2O4 | Iso. 4 3 2 : P43 3 2 |
4.BB.20 | Tegengrenite | (Mg,Mn2+)2Sb5+0.5(Mn3+,Si,Ti)0.5O4 | Trig. |
4.BB.25 | Xieite | Fe2+Cr2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
7.4.1 | Bromellite | BeO | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
7.4.2 | Behoite | Be(OH)2 | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
7.4.3 | Clinobehoite | Be(OH)2 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
7.4.4 | Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.4.5 | Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) |
7.4.6 | Magnesiotaaffeite-6N’3S | Mg2BeAl6O12 | Trig. |
7.4.7 | Periclase | MgO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m |
7.4.8 | Brucite | Mg(OH)2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
7.4.10 | Meixnerite | Mg6Al2(OH)16(OH)2 · 4H2O | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
7.4.11 | Lime | CaO | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
7.4.12 | Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) |
7.4.13 | Chlormayenite | Ca12Al14O32[◻4Cl2] | Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d |
7.4.14 | Hydrocalumite | Ca4Al2(OH)12(Cl,CO3,OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
7.4.15 | Marokite | CaMn3+2O4 | Orth. |
7.4.16 | Ranciéite | (Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O | Trig. 3 : P3 |
7.4.17 | Hollandite | Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 | Mon. 2/m |
7.4.18 | Romanèchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 | Mon. 2/m |
7.4.19 | Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Spinel in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
References for Spinel
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Klaproth, M.H. (1797) Untersuchung des Spinells, Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper, Zweiter Band, Rottmann Berlin, 1-11
Tilley (1923) Geol. Magazine: 40: 101.
Weigel (1923) Jb. Min., Beil.-Bd.: 48: 274.
Schlossmacher (1930) Zs. Kr.: 72: 468.
Anderson and Payne (1937) Mineralogical Magazine: 24: 547.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume I: 689-697.
Goodenough, J.B. and Loeb, A.L. (1955) Theory of ionic ordering, crystal distortion, and magnetic exchange due to covalent forces in spinels. Physical Review: 98: 391-408.
Smit, J. and Wijn, H.P.J. (1959) Ferrites. Physical properties of ferrimagnetic oxides in relation to their technical applications. Wiley, New York.
Sawatzky, G.A., Van Der Woude, F., and Morrish, A.H. (1969) Recoilless-fraction ratio for 57Fe in octahedral and tetrahedral sites of a spinel and a garnet. Physical Reviews: 183(2): 383-386.
Liu, L-g. (1975) Disproportionation of MgAl2O4 spinel at high pressures and temperatures: Geophysical Research Letters: 2: 9-11.
Schmocker, U. and Waaldner, F. (1976) The inversion parameter with respect to the space group of MgAl2O4 spinels. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics: 9: L235-237.
Danckwerth, P.A. and Newton, R.C. (1978) Experimental determination of the spinel peridotite to garnet peridotite reaction in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 in the range 900–1100°C and Al2O3 isopleths of enstatite in the spinel field. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 66: 189–201.
Yamanaka, T. and Takéuchi, Y. (1983) Order-disorder transition in MgAl2O4 spinel at high temperatures up to 1700°C. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 165: 65-78.
Osborne, M.D., Fleet, M.E., and Bancroft, G.M. (1984) Next-nearest neighbor effects in the Mössbauer spectra of (Cr,Al) spinels. Journal of Solid State Chemistry: 53: 174-183.
Yamanaka T., et al. (1984) Acta Crystallographica (1984): B40: 96.
Della Giusta, A., Princivalle, F., and Carbonin, S. (1986) Crystal chemistry of a suite of natural Cr-bearing spinels with 0.15≤Cr≤1.07. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen: 155: 319-330.
Wood, B.J., Kirkpatrick, R.J., and Montez, B. (1986) Order-disorder phenomena in MgAl2O4 spinel. American Mineralogist: 71: 999-1006.
Wood, B.J. and Virgo, D. (1989) Upper mantle oxidation state: Ferric iron contents of Iherzolite spinels by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and resultant oxygen fugacities. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 53: 1277-1291.
Irifune, T., K. Fujino, & E. Ohtani (1991) A new high-pressure form of MgAl2O4. Nature: 349: 409-411.
Peterson R.C., Lager, G.A., and Hitterman, R.L. (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K. American Mineralogist: 76: 1455-1458.
Cynn, H., Sharma, S.K., Cooney, T.F., and Nicol, M. (1992) High-temperature Raman investigation of order-disorder behavior in the MgAl2O4 spinel. Physical Review B: 45: 500-502.
Millard, R.L., Peterson, R.C., and Hunter, B.K. (1992) Temperature dependence of cation disorder in MgAl2O4 spinel using 27 Al and 17 O magic-angle spinning NMR. American Mineralogist: 77: 44-52.
Askarpour, V., Manghnani, MH., Fassbender, S., and Yoneda, A. (1993) Elasticity of single-crystal MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1273 K by Brillouin spectroscopy. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 19: 511-519.
Cynn, H., Anderson, O.L., and Nicol, M. (1993) Effects of cation disordering in a natural MgAl2O4 spinel observed by rectangular parallelepiped ultrasonic resonance and Raman measurements. Pure and Applied Geophysics: 141: 415-444.
Della Giusta, A. and Ottonello, G. (1993) Energy and long-range disorder in simple spinels. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 20: 228-241.
Carpenter, M.A. and Salje, E.K.H. (1994) Thermodynamics of nonconvergent cation ordering in minerals: II. Spinels and the orthopyroxene solid solution. American Mineralogist: 79: 1068-1083.
Gillot, B. (1994) Infrared spectrometric investigation of submicron metastable cation-deficient spinels in relation to order-disorder phenomena and phase transition. Vibrational Spectroscopy: 6: 127-148.
Carbonin, S., Russo, U., and Della Giusta, A. (1996) Cation distribution in some natural spinels from X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Mineralogical Magazine: 60: 355-368.
Maekawa, H., Kato, S., Kawamura, K. and Yokokawa, T. (1997) Cation mixing in natural MgAl2O4 spinel: a high-temperature 27 Al NMR study. American Mineralogist: 82: 1125-1132.
Menegazzo, G., Carbonin, S., and Della Giusta, A. (1997) Cation vacancy distribution in an artifically oxidized natural spinel. Mineralogical Magazine: 61: 411-421.
Funamori, N., R. Jeanloz, J.H. Nguyen, A. Kavner, W.A. Caldell, K. Fujino, N. Miyajima, T. Shinmei, & N. Tomioka (1998) High-pressure transformation in MgAl2O4: Journal of Geophysical Research: 103: 20813-20818.
Redfern, S.A.T., Harrison, R.J., O'Neill, H.St.C., and Wood, D.R.R. (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600° C from in situ neutron diffraction. American Mineralogist: 84: 299-310.
Andreozzi, G.B., Princivalle, F., Skogby, H., and Della Giusta, A. (2000) Cation ordering and structural variations with temperature in MgAlO4 spinel: an X-ray single-crystal study. American Mineralogist: 85: 1164-1171.
Suzuki, I., Ohno, I., and Anderson, O.L. (2000) Harmonic and anharmonic properties of spinel MgAl2O4. American Mineralogist: 85: 304-311.
Warren, M.C., Dove, M.T., and Redfern, S.A.T. (2000) Disordering of MgAl2O4 spinel from first principles. Mineralogical Magazine: 64: 311-317.
Warren, M.C., Dove, M.T., and Redfern, S.A.T. (2000) Ab initio simulations of cation ordering in oxides: application to spinel. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter: 12: L43-L48.
Andreozzi, G.B., Halenius, U., and Skogby, H. (2001) Spectroscopic active IVFe 3+-VIFe 3+ clusters in spinel-magnesioferrite solid solution crystals: a potential monitor for ordering in oxide spinels. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 28: 435-444.
Schulze, D.J. (2001) Origins of chromian and aluminous spinel macrocrysts from kimberlites in southern Africa. Canadian Mineralogist: 39: 361–376.
Andreozzi, G.B. and Lucchesi, S. (2002) Intersite distribution of Fe 2+ and Mg in the spinel (sensu-stricto)-hercynite series by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist: 87: 1113-1120.
Carbonin, S., Martignago, F., Menegazzo, G., and Dal Negro, A. (2002), X-ray single-crystal study of spinels: in situ heating. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 29: 503-514.
Pattrick, R.A.D., van der Laan, G., Henderson, C.M.B., Kuiper, P., Dudzik, E., and Vaughan, D.J. (2002) Cation site occupancy in spinel ferrites studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism: developing a method for mineralogists. European Journal of Mineralogy: 14: 1095-1102.
Da Rocha, S. and Thibaudeau, P. (2003) Ab initio high-pressure thermodynamics of cationic disordered MgAl2O4 spinel. Journal of Physics Condensed Matter: 15: 7103-7115.
Martignago, F., Dal Negro, A., and Carbonin, S. (2003) How Cr 3+ and Fe 3+ affect Mg-Al order-disorder transformation at high temperature in natural spinels. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 30: 401-408.
Méducin, F., Redfern, S.A.T., Le Godec, Y., Stone, H.J., Tucker, M.G., Dove, M.T., and Marshall, W.G. (2004) Study of cation order-disorder in MgAl2O4 spinel by in situ neutron diffraction up to 1600 K and 3.2 GPa. American Mineralogist: 89: 981-986.
Van Minh, N. and Yang, I.-S. (2004) A Raman study of cation-disorder transition temperature of natural MgAl2O4 spinel. Vibrational Spectroscopy: 35: 93-96.
Papike, J.J., Karner, J.M., and Shearer, C.K. (2005) Comparative planetary mineralogy: Valence-state partitioning of Cr, Fe, Ti and V among crystallographic sites in olivine, pyroxene, and spinel from planetary basalts. American Mineralogist: 90: 277-290.
Martignago, F., Andreozzi, G.B., and Dal Negro, A. (2006) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in natural and synthetic Mg(Al,Fe3+)2O4 spinels from in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist: 91: 306-312.
Princivalle, F., F. Martignago, and A. Dal Negro (2006) Kinetics of cation ordering in natural Mg(Al,Cr3+)2O4 spinels. American Mineralogist: 91: 313-318.
Tilo Zienert & Olga Fabrichnaya (2013) Thermodynamic assessment and experiments in the system MgO–Al2O3. Calphad 40, 1-9.
Widmer, R., Malsy, A.-K., Armbruster, T. (2015) Effects of heat treatment on red gemstone spinel: single-crystal X-ray, Raman, and photoluminescence study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 42, 251-260.
Giuliani, G., Fallick, A. E., Boyce, A. J., Pardieu, V., Pham, V. L. (2017): Pink and red spinels in marble: trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and sources. Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 743-761.
Internet Links for Spinel
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3729.html
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Localities for Spinel
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Craig Mercer specimen |
Moore, T.P.,Woodside, R.M.W. (2014): The Sar-e-Sang Lapis Mines, Kuran Wa Munjan district, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. Mineralogical Record 45 (3), 280-336. | |
| Van King |
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Argentina | |
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| Disseminated and Massive Nickel Sulphide Deposits,Honeymoon Well Complex, Western Australia; M Gole and M Woodhouse, Journal of the Virtual Explorer; ISSN 1441-8142 Vol 1 paper 2, 2000 |
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| Simpson, E.S. (1948), Minerals of Western Australia, Vol 1- p14, p124, p382; Vol 3-p216, p580,p688, 1948 |
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Austria | |
| G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995 |
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| Knobloch, G., Löffler, E., Kolitsch, U., Schillhammer, H. (2018): 2086) Ein weiterer Nachweis lagenförmiger Blei-Zink-Vererzungen in einem Marmorzug der Drosendorf-Einheit nebst mehr als 30 Begleitmineralien in einem kleinen Steinbruch bei der Lokalität „In der Luck’n“, Häusling, Dunkelsteinerwald, Niederösterreich. Pp. 221-223 in Walter, F. et al. (2018): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVII. Carinthia II, 208./128., 185-254. |
| Erwin Löffler & Gerald Knobloch collections |
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| Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F. & Huber, P. (2010): 1656) Achat, Chalcedon und Cr- und Fe-reicher Spinell aus einer Sandgrube SSE von Winzing, Niederösterreich. P. 242 in Niedermayr et al. (2010): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LIX. Carinthia II, 200./120., 199-260. |
| Kolitsch, U. & Brandstätter, F. (2012): 1763) Spinell und Sillimanit aus dem Mieslingtal bei Spitz, Waldviertel, Niederösterreich. Pp. 163-164 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2012): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXI. Carinthia II, 202./122., 123-180. |
| Seen at Melk mineral show 3/09 |
ERTL, Andreas, BRANDSTÄTTER, Franz & PREM, Markus (2008): Moldanubische Korundvorkommen mit Rubin und Saphir bei Drosendorf, Waldviertel, Niederösterreich.- Mitt. Österr. Min. Ges., 154, 45-51, Wien | |
Peter Lamatsch collection; Kolitsch, U. (2015): 1937) Amesit(?), Baryt, Bornit, Chalkopyrit, Chromit, Hercynit, Hollingworthit, Ilmenit, Irarsit, Klinochlor, Laurit, Magnetit, Millerit, Pentlandit, Polydymit, Pyrit, Pyrrhotin, Rutil, Sperrylith, Spinell, Violarit und Xenotim-(Y)(?) von Wolfsbach im nördlichen Waldviertel, Niederösterreich. Pp. 246-249 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2015): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXIV. Carinthia II, 205./125., 207-280. | |
| THIELE, Otto (1971): Ein Cordierit-Kugeldiorit aus dem westlichen Waldviertel (Niederösterreich). - Verh. Geolog. B.-A., 1971/3, 409-423, Wien (in German). |
| R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993); MEIXNER, H. (1976): 378. Spinell (Pleonast) von Kottes, Waldviertel, NÖ. P. 37 in MEIXNER, H. (1976): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich XXVI. Carinthia II, 166./86., 11-42. |
| STEININGER, Fritz F. & STÜRMER, Franz (Hrsg.) (1990): Waldviertel - Kristallviertel. Katalog zur Sonderausstellung.- Katalogreihe Krahuletz-Mus., 11, VI + 182 S., 10 Taf., Eggenburg. |
| Niedermayr, G. et al. (2007): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVI. Carinthia II, 197/117, 149-190. |
Löffler, E. & Kolitsch, U. (2011): Die Mineralien der Loja bei Persenbeug, Niederösterreich (II). Mineralien-Welt. 22 (4): 51-62 | |
Löffler, E. & Kolitsch, U. (2011): Die Mineralien der Loja bei Persenbeug, Niederösterreich (II). Mineralien-Welt. 22 (4): 51-62 | |
| LIBOWITZKY, Eugen, FRIEDL, Daniela V. & KOLLER, Friedrich (2012): Ein ungewöhnlicher Fund von Molybdänit im Gabbro von Nonndorf, NÖ. (Moldanubikum, Böhmische Masse).- Mitt. Österr. Miner. Ges., 158, 21-25, Wien. |
| GÖTZINGER, Michael A. (1987a): Mineralogy and Genesis of Vermiculite in Serpentinites of the Bohemian Massif in Austria.- Miner. Petr., 36/2, 93-110, Wien - New York. |
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| Strasser, A. (1989): Die Minerale Salzburgs. Salzburg. 346p |
| Postl, W., Taucher, J. & Moser, B. (1996): Neue Mineralfunde im oststeirischen Vulkangebiet. Mitt. Abt. Miner. Landesmuseum Joanneum, 60/61, 3-76.; Postl, W. & Bernhard, F. (2011) |
| Taucher, J. et al. (1989) |
| Postl, W., Taucher, J. & Moser, B. (1996): Neue Mineralfunde im oststeirischen Vulkangebiet. Mitt. Abt. Miner. Landesmuseum Joanneum, 60/61, 3-76. |
| Tufar, W., Siewers, U. & Weber, Ch. (2008): Zur Genese der paläozoischen Spatmagnesit-Lagerstätte Breitenau am Hochlantsch (Grazer Paläozoikum, Steiermark, Österreich). Joannea - Mineralogie, 4, 5-52. |
| Bernhard, F. et al. (2008) |
| Lapis 19 (7/8):69 (1994) |
| Purtscheller, F. & Tessadri, R. (1985): Zirconolite and baddeleyite from metacarbonates of the Oetztal-Stubai complex (northern Tyrol, Austria). Mineral. Mag. 49, 523-529. |
Stephan Hoernes and Edgar Hoffer (1973): Der Amphibolitzug des mittleren Ötztales (Tirol). Veröffentlichungen des Tiroler Landesmuseums Ferdinandeum 53, 159-180. | |
| Purtscheller, F. & Tessadri, R. (1985): Zirconolite and baddeleyite from metacarbonates of the Oetztal-Stubai complex (northern Tyrol, Austria). Mineral. Mag. 49, 523-529. |
| Kolitsch, U. (2015): 1935) Almandin, Aragonit, Baryt, Heulandit-Na, Klinoptilolith-Na, ein Magnesiochromit-Spinell-Mischkristall und Schwefel vom Traunkraftwerk Pucking, Oberösterreich. Pp. 241-243 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2015): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXIV. Carinthia II, 205./125., 207-280. |
| - E. Kirchner, W. Meditz, H. Neuninger, in: Zur Mineralogie des Mühlviertels. Annalen Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, 73, Wien 1969, 1 Abbildungen, 4 Tafeln 1 Tabelle, Seite 37 - 48. |
| Brandstetter, G. & M. Reich (1998): Luftenberg - eine bedeutende Pegmatitmineralisation in Oberösterreich. OÖ. Geonachr. 13, 11-25; Brandstetter, G. & Reich, M. (1999): Luftenberg - eine bedeutende Pegmatitmineralisation in Oberösterreich. Mineralien-Welt 10 (3), 12-18.; |
| Peter Neschen collection |
Azerbaijan | |
| Meteoritics, vol. 32, pages 719-732; Gao, X., Nittler, L. R., Swan, P. D. & Walker, R. M. (1997) Presolar Grains in Indarch, Meteoritics 30 (5): 508 (Sept1995); Lee M R, Russell S S, Arden J W, Pillinger C T (1995) Nierite (Si3N4), a new mineral from ordinary and enstatite chondrites, Meteoritics, 30, 387-398 |
| Novgorodova M.I., Mamedov Yu.G.. Native aluminium from mud volcano at the Bulla island (caspian Sea), - Lithology and Mineral Resourses,1996,N4,p. 339-349 |
Bangladesh | |
| Md. Aminur Rahman, Mohammad Nazim Zaman, Md. Nehal Uddin, Pradip Kumar Biswas, Mst. Shanjida Sultana (2013) Beneficiation of Ilmenite from Ultramafic Lamprophyres of Mithapukur, Rangpur District of Bangladesh. International Journal of Mining Engineering and Mineral Processing 2013, 2(1), 1-7. |
Belgium | |
| [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com] |
Bolivia | |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge Munoz Reyes: Las Especies Minerales de Bolivia (Banco Minero de Bolivia, 1955) |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Jurkoviae, I., Slovenec, D., and Namjesnik, K. (1993): Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 28(3), 677-690. |
| Bermanec, V., Sijaric, G., Kniewald, G., and Mandarino, J.A. (2000): The Canadian Mineralogist 38, 1371-1376. |
Botswana | |
| Stiefenhofer, J., Viljoen, K.S., and Marsh, J.S. (1997): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 127, 147-158. |
| Godard, G. and Smith, D. (1999) Preiswerkite and Na-(Mg,Fe)-margarite in eclogites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 136 (1-2): 20-32 |
| Field, M., Stiefenhofer, J., Robey, J., and Kurszlaukis, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 33-75. |
Brazil | |
| (2014) 12th International Platinum Symposium p41 |
| Overstreet, William C., 1967, The Geologic Occurrence of Monazite, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, Volume 530, p. 292. |
| Jeannine and Jacques Cassedanne : "Présence d'eskolaite dans les alluvions stannifères de la Chapada Diamantina (Bahia-Brésil), Bull. Mineral., 1980, 103, pp 600-602. |
| Sá, J. H. S., Barnes, S. J., Prichard, H. M., & Fisher, P. C. (2005). The distribution of base metals and platinum-group elements in magnetitite and its host rocks in the Rio Jacaré Intrusion, Northeastern Brazil. Economic Geology, 100(2), 333-348. |
| [MinRec 16:111] |
Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189. | |
| Rui Ribeiro Franco at book Minerais do Brasil (Minerals of Brazil) in 1972, pg 65 |
| Santos, W. M. D. (2012). Mineralogia e geoquímica da bauxita derivada do anortosito, Barro Alto, Goiás. Dissertação(Mestrado em Geologia)—Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2011. |
| de Oliveira, C. G., de Queiroz, C. L., & Pimentel, M. M. (2008). The arenopólis-mara rosa Gold-Copper Belt, Neoproterozoic Goiás Magmatic Arc. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 30(2), 219-221. |
| Candia, M.A.F., and Gaspar, J.C. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 60, 27-40. |
Candia, M.A.F., and Gaspar, J.C. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 60, 27-40. | |
| Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35 |
| Kaminsky, F.V., Wirth, R., Schreiber, A. (2013): Carbonatitic inclusions in deep mantle diamond from Juina, Brazil: new minerals in the carbonate-halide association. Can. Mineral. 51, 669-688. |
Kaminsky, F. V., Wirth, R., & Schreiber, A. (2015). A microinclusion of lower-mantle rock and other mineral and nitrogen lower-mantle inclusions in a diamond. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53(1), 83-104.; Kaminsky, F. V., Ryabchikov, I. D., & Wirth, R. (2015). A primary natrocarbonatitic association in the Deep Earth. Mineralogy and Petrology, 1-12. | |
| Traversa, G., Gomes, C. B., Brotzu, P., Buraglini, N., Morbidelli, L., Principato, M. S., ... & Ruberti, E. (2001). Petrography and mineral chemistry of carbonatites and mica-rich rocks from the Araxá complex (Alto Paranaíba Province, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 73(1), 71-98. |
| http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/mmc/GovVal.pdf |
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Jour. of South American Earth Sci. 15:709–723 | |
| Waber et al. (1992) Jour. Geochemical Explor. 45, 53-112; WABER, N., SCHORSCHER, H.D., & PETERS, T. (1992) Hydrothermal and supergene uranium mineralization at the Osamu Utsumi mine, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 45, 53-112. |
| Waber (1991) |
| Kogarko, L., Kurat, G., & Ntaflos, T. (2001). Carbonate metasomatism of the oceanic mantle beneath Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 140(5), 577-587. |
| Keil, K & 22 others (2015) The Vicência meteorite fall: A new unshocked (S1) weakly metamorphosed (3.2) LL chondrite. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 50(6): 1089-1111. (June 2015). |
| Hutchison, R. (1973) Angra Dos Reis (stone) mineralogy and its bearing of the genesis of chondrites: Meteoritics 8 (1): p. 46. (March 1973); Prinz, M., Keil, K., Hlava, P. F., Berkely, J. L., Gomes, C. B. & Curvello, W. S. (1977) Studies of Brazilian meteorites. III - Origin and history of the Angra DOS Reis achondrite: Earth and Planetary Science Letters 35 (2): 317-330. (June 1977) ; Grady, M. M., Pratesi, G. & Moggi-Cecchi, V. (2015) Atlas of Meteorites. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, United Kingdom. 373 pages. |
| Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139; Melcher, G. C. (1965). O carbonatito de Jacupiranga. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo. Geologia, (21), 5-70. |
Bulgaria | |
| BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CENTRAL LABORATORY OF MINERALOGY AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY ANNUAL REPORT No 2/1996 7. Platinum-group minerals from alluvial placers of Blagoevgrad graben (Z. Tsintsov, L. Petrov). |
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| Arnaudov, V., Petrusenko, S., Stancheva, E., Tadzher, L. (1998): Vanadian pargasite and other vanadium-bearing amphiboles from the Central Rhodope metamorphic complex. Geokhimiya, Mineralogiya i Petrologiya 35, 69-78 (in Bulgarian). |
| Svetoslav Petrussenko, Iliya Dimitrov, Kostadin Glushkov, Lubomir Metodiev (2007) A Wonderful World of Minerals (Minerals, Mineral Deposits and Localities from the Area of the Town of Chepelare). Fourth International Symposium Mineral Diversity Research and Preservation pp229-233 |
| I. Kostov, V. Breskovska, J. Mincheva-Stefanova, G. Kirov (1964): Minerals of Bulgaria. Sofia, Bulgaria, 540 pp. (in Bulgarian). |
Cambodia | |
| Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (1993) Atlas of Mineral Resources for the Escap Region Cambodia Vol 10 UN. |
| Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages. |
| Eldridge M. Moores, Rhodes Whitmore Fairbridge (1997) Encyclopedia of European and Asian regional geology |
Cameroon | |
| Dzemua, G. L., & Gleeson, S. A. (2012). Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of the Nkamouna Serpentinite: Implications for the Formation of the Cobalt-Manganese Laterite Deposit, Southeast Cameroon. Economic Geology, 107(1), 25-41. |
Canada | |
| Eccles, D. R., Heaman, L. M., Luth, R. W., and Creaser, R. A., (2004). Petrogenesis of the Late Cretaceous northern Alberta kimberlite province. Lithos 76: 435-459. |
www.venuewest.com/8IKC/s1post.htm. | |
| Jennifer Pell (1994) Carbonatites, Nepheline Syenites, Kimberlites and Related Rocks in British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Energy Bulletin 88. |
MINFILE Number: 082JSE019 | |
| Wlotzka, F. (2005) Cr spinel and chromite as petrogenetic indictors in ordinary chondrites: Equilibrium temperatures of petrologic type 3.7 to 6. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 40 (11): 1673-1702. (Nov 2005). |
| Richard Gunter specimens, ID by XRD |
| Jennifer Pell (1994) Carbonatites, Nepheline Syenites, Kimberlites and Related Rocks in British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Energy Bulletin 88. |
| Roberts, J. (2017). Telluride mineralogy at the Deer Horn Au-Ag-Te-(Bi-Pb-W) deposit, Lindquist Peak, west-central British Columbia: implications for the generation of tellurides (MS dissertation, University of British Columbia). |
| Minfile 082FNW259 |
| C. J. A. Coats, H. R. Stockford, and R. Buchan (1979) Geology of the Maskwa West nickel deposit, Manitoba Can Mineral, 17:309-318; C. J. A. Coats and R. Buchan (1979) Petrology of serpentinized metamorphic olivine, Bird River Sill, Manitoba Can Mineral, 17:847-855; Phillips, K. A. (1979) Minerals of Manitoba: Volume II: Metallic minerals. Manitoba Mineral Resources Division Educational Series 78/2. |
| Economic Geology (1996) 91:1394-1413 |
| John Betts specimen. |
Bailes, A. H., & Galley, A. G. (2000). Evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Snow Lake arc assemblage and geodynamic setting for associated volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits, Flin Flon Belt, Manitoba, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 36(11), 1789-1805 | |
| A. Dogan Paktunc (1984) Metamorphism of the ultramafic rocks of the Thompson Mine, Thompson nickel belt, northern Manitoba Can Mineral, 22:77-91; Chen, Yuan, "Precious-metal Mineralization And Sulfide-silicate Relationships In Some Canadian Nickel-copper Sulfide Deposits: Thompson Mine, Manitoba; Sudbury, Ontario; Dundonald Beach, Ontario" (1993). Digitized Theses. Paper 2231. |
| Parrish, I. S., 1977, Mineral Catalog for the Mount Pleasant Deposit of Brunswick Tin Mines, Canadian Mineralogist, v. 15, p. 121-126. |
| Tappe, S., (2005) Genesis of Ultramafic Lamprophyres and Carbonatites, Aillik Bay, Canada: Implications for Incipient Rifting in the Labrador Sea Area. Nature and Origin of Ultramafic Lamprophyres and Carbonatites from the Borders of the Labrador Sea: Insights from Petrology, Geochemistry, and Geochronology. PhD thesis Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz |
| Arima, M., Gower, C. (1991): Osumilite-bearing Granulites in the Eastern Grenville Province, Eastern Labrador, Canada: Mineral Parageneses and Metamorphic Conditions, Journal of Petrolog, Vol. 32 (1), pp. 29-61 |
OWENS, B.E. & KREMSER, P.T. (2010) Åkermanite breakdown to cuspidine-bearing sympectite in a calc-silicate xenolith, Kiglapait intrusion, Labrador, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist 48, 809-819. | |
C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data). | |
Am Min 85:1595–1605, (2000) | |
Tectonophysics 347:167–177 (2002) | |
| Maya G. Kopylova, Trevor Mogg, and Barbara Scott Smith (2010) Mineralogy of the Snap Lake Kimberlite, Northwest Territories, Canada, and compositions of phlogopite as records of its crystallization.The Canadian Mineralogist (June 2010), 48(3):549-570 |
| Journal of Petrology 40:79-104 |
Armstrong, J. P., Wilson, M., Barnett, R. L., Nowicki, T., & Kjarsgaard, B. A. (2004). Mineralogy of primary carbonate-bearing hypabyssal kimberlite, Lac de Gras, Slave province, Northwest Territories, Canada. Lithos, 76(1), 415-433; Chakhmouradian, A. R., Reguir, E. P., & Mitchell, R. H. (2002). Strontium-apatite: New occurrences, and the extent of Sr-for-Ca substitution in apatite-group minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40(1), 121-136.; Masun, K. M. (1999). The petrography and mineralogy of the Lac de Gras kimberlite field, Slave Province, Northwest Territories: A comparative study. Master of science, Department of Geology, Lakehead University. | |
Mundt, J. The EKATI–Kimberlite–Diamond–Mine in Canada. | |
Tappert, R., Stachel, T., Harris, J. W., & Shimizu, N. (2005). Mineral inclusions in diamonds from the Panda kimberlite, Slave Province, Canada. European Journal of Mineralogy, 17(3), 423-440. | |
| Percival, J. B., Potter, E. G., Lauzière, K., Ijewliw, O., Bilot, I., Hunt, P., ... & Robillard, K. L. (2016). Mineralogy, Petrography and Autoradiography of Selected Samples from the Contact Lake and NICO Areas, Great Bear Magmatic Zone, Northwest Territories (IOCG-GEM Project). Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 7755 |
| |
| A.K. Chatterjee, "Mineralization and associated wall rock alteration in the George River Group, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia", Ph.D. thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 197 p., 1980. |
| A.K. Chatterjee, "Tungsten Mineralization in the Carbonate Rocks of the George River Group, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia", Nova Scotia Dept. Mines, Report 77-7, 1977. |
Hutcheon, I., Gunter, A.E. and Lecheminant, A.N. (1977) Serendibite from Penrhyn group marble, Melville Peninsula, District of Franklin. Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 108-112. | |
| Stephanie Martin specimen & photo |
Canadian Mineralogist (2001) 39, 1725-1732 | |
Reiner Mielke | |
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| Houzar S.: Zinkem a baryem bohaté minerální asociace (sfalerit - Zn-spinel - hyalofán - Ba-flogopit) z mramoru u Číchova na západní Moravě (moldanubikum). Acta rerum naturalium (Jihlava), 2015, 18, 1-7. |
Houzar S.: Spinel z Číhalína a Nové Vsi u Třebíče, západní Morava. Minerál, 2010, 18, 1, 69-71. | |
| Houzar S., Trnka M.: Hořečnatý skarn s indiciemi polymetalického zrudnění z Třebíče - Boroviny. Sborník GPO, 1983, 27, 139-149. |
| Němec, D.: Poznámky ke skarnům z okolí Korduly u Rouchovan. Časopis Moravského musea v Brně, Vědy přírodní, 1960, 45, 37-44. |
| Novák, M., Houzar, S., Šrein, V.: Gahnite-bearing marbles and their significance for regional classification of the eastern part of the Bohemian Massif. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 1997, roč. 42, č. 1-2, s. 33-40. |
| Pauliš, P: Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Moravy a Slezska. Kutná Hora: Kuttna, 2001, s. 29-30. |
| Doležalová, H., Houzar, S., Škoda, R.: Minerální asociace forsteritových mramorů s Ba-flogopitem a klinoshitalitem na uranovém ložisku Rožná, moldanubikum, západní Morava. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2005, roč. 90, s. 75 - 88. |
Petr Pauliš | |
Sekanina, J.: Nerosty moravských pegmatitů. Časopis Moravského zemského musea, 1929-1930, sv. 26-27, s. 113-224. | |
| Houzar, S. & Novák, M. (2006): Clintonite-bearing assemblages in chondrodite marbles from the contact aureole of the Trebic Pluton, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif. J. Czech Geol. Soc. 51, 249-258. [http://www.jgeosci.org/content/JCGS2006_3-4__houzar.pdf] |
Denmark | |
| Melson, William G. and George Switzer (1966): Plagioclase-spinel-graphite xenoliths in metallic iron-bearing basalts, Disko Island, Greenland. American Mineralogist. 51: 664-676 |
Am Min 51:664-676 | |
| HUTCHINSON, M.T. & HEAMAN, L.M. (2008) Chemical and physical characteristics of diamond crystals from Garnet Lake, Sarfartoq, West Greenland: an association with carbonatitic magmatism. Canadian mineralogist 46, 1063-1078. |
http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 635-645 |
McKie, D. (1963): Order-Disorder in Sapphirine. Mineralogical Magazine. 33, 635-645 | |
http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm | |
| Bøggild, O.B. (1953): The Mineralogy of Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland, Bd. 149. Nr. 3. 445 pages [p.192] |
Petersen, O. V. & Secher, K. (1993): The Minerals of Greenland. Mineralogical Record 24 (2): 1-67 | |
| Petersen, O.V & Johnsen, O. (1980): Giant crystals of Kornerupine. Mineralogical Record 11,93-96 |
Friend, C.R.L. (1982): A1-Cr substitution in peraluminous sapphirines from the Bjoernesund area, Fiskenaesset region, southern West Greenland. Mineralogical Magazine. 46, 323-328 | |
Williams, H.R. (1984): Field relations and chemistry of Sapphirine-bearing rocks from the Bjoernesund area, Fiskenaesset, Western Greenland, Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 22, 417 - 421 | |
R.F. Dymek and R. Stocking , Abstr. Progr. Geol. Soc. Am. , 177, 571, 1985. ; Mineralogical Magazine 1987 51 : 695-708. | |
Windley B.F. et al. (1989): Geikielite and ilmenite in Archaean meta-ultramafic rocks, Fiskenaesset, West Greenland. European Journal of Mineralogy. 1, 427-437 | |
| Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages. |
| Henning Haack et al., (2012). Maribo— A new CM fall from Denmark. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 47 (1) 30-50. (Jan 2012) |
Dominican Republic | |
| Marchesi, C., Garrido, C. J., Proenza, J. A., Hidas, K., Varas-Reus, M. I., Butjosa, L., & Lewis, J. F. (2016). Geochemical record of subduction initiation in the sub-arc mantle: Insights from the Loma Caribe peridotite (Dominican Republic). Lithos, 252, 1-15. |
DR Congo | |
| MinRec 20:287-288 |
| Brearley, A. J. & Jones, R. H. (1998). Chondritic Meteorites. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 3, 398 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
| Haapala, I. L. M. A. R. I. (2011). Th. G. Sahama’s (1910–1983) volcanological and mineralogical studies in Africa: Part I. Expeditions to the Virunga Volcanic Field and petrological-mineralogical studies on the Nyiragongo volcano. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 83, 41-55. |
| Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages. |
East Timor | |
| Falloon, T. J., Berry, R. F., Robinson, P., & Stolz, A. J. (2006). Whole-rock geochemistry of the Hili Manu peridotite, East Timor: implications for the origin of Timor ophiolites. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 53(4), 637-649. |
Egypt | |
| Brearley, A. J. & Jones, R. H. (1998): Chondritic Meteorites. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 3, 398 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
| Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84. |
| Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84. |
| Azer, M. K., & Stern, R. J. (2007). Neoproterozoic (835–720 Ma) serpentinites in the Eastern Desert, Egypt: fragments of forearc mantle. The Journal of Geology, 115(4), 457-472. |
| Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84. |
Helmy, H.M., and Mogessie, A. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 58-71. | |
Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84. | |
Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84. | |
Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84. | |
Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84. | |
Ahmed, A.H., Arai, S., and Attia, A.K. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 72-84. | |
Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 1039-1056. | |
Fiji | |
| |
Finland | |
| Arhe, Markku 1980. Iitin Perheniemen kalkkiivi-karsi esiintymästä ja sen ympäristön geologiasta. 155 s., 16 l. Geologian Tutkimuskeskus, arkistoraportti M/3111/-80/1/10. |
| Sipilä, Pekka 1992. The Caledonian Halt-Ridnitsohkka igneous complex in Lapland. Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 362, 75 p. 23 app. pages |
| Kojonen, K. K., Tarkian, M., Roberts, A. C., Törnroos, R., & Heidrich, S. (2007). Miessiite, Pd11Te2Se2, a new mineral species from Miessijoki, Finnish Lapland, Finland. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45(5), 1221-1227. |
| Hayden Dalton, Andrea Giuliani, David Phillips, Janet Hergt, Hugh O'Brien (2018) Mineral Chemistry and Petrography of Kuusamo Kimberlites and Related Rocks, Finland. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 129 |
Hayden Dalton, Andrea Giuliani, David Phillips, Janet Hergt, Hugh O'Brien (2018) Mineral Chemistry and Petrography of Kuusamo Kimberlites and Related Rocks, Finland. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 129 | |
Hayden Dalton, Andrea Giuliani, David Phillips, Janet Hergt, Hugh O'Brien (2018) Mineral Chemistry and Petrography of Kuusamo Kimberlites and Related Rocks, Finland. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 129 | |
Hayden Dalton, Andrea Giuliani, David Phillips, Janet Hergt, Hugh O'Brien (2018) Mineral Chemistry and Petrography of Kuusamo Kimberlites and Related Rocks, Finland. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 129 | |
Hayden Dalton, Andrea Giuliani, David Phillips, Janet Hergt, Hugh O'Brien (2018) Mineral Chemistry and Petrography of Kuusamo Kimberlites and Related Rocks, Finland. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 129 | |
Hayden Dalton, Andrea Giuliani, David Phillips, Janet Hergt, Hugh O'Brien (2018) Mineral Chemistry and Petrography of Kuusamo Kimberlites and Related Rocks, Finland. in abstracts of the 22nd IMA Meeting Melbourne p 129 | |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2008.Ruostesuo -Zinc Database. |
O´Brien Hugh,Tyni Matti 2005 Eastern Finland kimberlite province. Fifth international dyke conference 31.7-3.8. 2005 Rovaniemi, Finland | |
Hölttä, P. & Paavola, J. 1988.The Varpaisjärvi-Iisalmi area. In: Pajunen, M. (toim.) International Geological Correlation Programme. Project 235 "Metamorphism and Geodynamics". Excurcion in Finland 15.6.-19.6.1988. Geologian tutkimuskeskus opas 21, 13-18. | |
| Kojonen, Kari, Johansson, Bo and Pekkala, Lasse (2002) Leppävirran Rytkyn Ni-Cu sulfidimalmiaiheen malmimineraaleista. GTK:n arkistoraportit M41/3241/2002/1. |
| Hytönen,K. (1999): Suomen Mineraalit. Geologian tutkimuskeskus. Erillisjulkaisu, Jyväskylä, 399 pp. |
| Kärkkäinen, N., and Appelqvist, H. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 754-769. |
| Lehtinen, Martti 1976. Lake lappajärvi, a meteorite impact site in western Finland. Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 282. |
| Aarne Laitakari, ”Index of Finnish Minerals with bibliography” , Bull. de la Commission Géologique de Finlande No 230, Otaniemi 1967 |
Mötet den 7 December 1899. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 21, 639-640 (p.639-640) | |
| Eskola et. al 1919 |
Hietala, Satu 2012. Paraisten kalkkilouhoksen mineraaleista. Kivi 1/2012 12-18. | |
Wilke, H.-J. (1976): Mineral-Fundstellen Band 4: Skandinavien. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 370 pp.(p 283) | |
Jyrki Autio photo & specimen | |
| http://www.gsf.fi/explor/zinc/traskbole.htm |
| H-J Wilke (1976) Mineralfundstellen, Band 4, Skandinavien |
| Wlotzka, F. (2005) Cr spinel and chromite as petrogenetic indicators in ordinary chondrites: Equilibration temperatures of petrologic types 3.7 to 6. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 40 (11) 1673-1702. (Nov 1905). |
| Eskola, P., Hackman, V., Laitakari, A. ja Wilkman, W.W. 1919. Suomen kalkkikivi. Geoteknillisiä tiedonantoja 21, Valtioneuvoston kirjapaino, Helsinki, 265 s. |
France | |
| collected by François Périnet |
| François Périnet |
| Collected by François Périnet |
| collected by François Périnet |
| Collected by François Périnet |
| Collected by François Périnet |
| R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J.J. Périchaud : "Inventaire Minéralogique du Cantal", BRGM and Editions G. de Bussac, 1971 |
| http://www.micromineral.org/collec_ENSMP/ensmp-oct2003/Collection_ENSMP_oct2003.pdf |
Brousse R, Varet J (1966) Les trachytes du Mont-Dore et du Cantal septentrional et leurs enclaves. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 8: 246-262. | |
| collected by François Périnet |
| Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 359-371. |
| Collected by François Périnet |
| Collected by François Périnet |
| Collected by François Périnet |
| SIMONET C. (2000) - Géologie des gisements de saphir et de rubis – L’exemple de la John Saul Ruby Mine, Mangare, Kenya. Thèse de doctorat Université de Nantes. Première partie pp. 143-151. |
| collected by François Périnet |
PEGERE G. (1994) - Le Mont-Coupet dans le volcanisme de Saint-Georges-d’Aurac, Haute-Loire, sa magmatologie, sa faune fossile, ses pierres gemmes, Almanach de Brioude, Haute-Loire, pp. 193–211. | |
| collected by François Périnet |
collected by François Périnet | |
François Périnet collection | |
| collected by François Périnet; Collected by François Périnet |
collected by François Périnet | |
| Collected by François PERINET |
| F.H. Forestier : "Les Péridotites Serpentinisées en France", Fascicule 4 Haut- Allier, BRGM, 1964 |
| FORESTIER F. H., LASNIER B. (1969) – Découverte de niveaux d’amphibolites à pargasite, anorthite, corindon et saphirine dans les schistes cristallins de la vallée du Haut-Allier – Existence du faciès granulite dans la massif Central Français, Contr. Mineral. And Petrol. 23, pp. 194-235. |
| PERINET F., PEGERE G. (2009) – Les sables éluvionnaires à rubis et sapphirine du secteur de Peygerolles, St-Privat-du-Dragon, Haute-Loire – Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n° 104, pp. 35-41. |
| LACROIX A. (1892) - Minéralogie de la France |
| Collected by François Périnet |
| François Périnet Collection |
| collected by François Périnet |
| collected by François Périnet |
| Collected by François Périnet |
| collected by François Périnet |
| collected by François Périnet |
Collected by Stéphane Jamon | |
| Collected by François Périnet |
collected by François Périnet | |
| collected by Stéphane Jamon |
| collected by Stéphane Jamon |
| collected by François Périnet |
| François Périnet collection |
| SIMONET C. (2000) - Géologie des gisements de saphir et de rubis – L’exemple de la John Saul Ruby Mine, Mangare, Kenya. Thèse de doctorat Université de Nantes. Première partie pp. 143-151. |
| Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 359-371. |
| J. Bertaux, Bull. Minéral. , 1982, 105, pp. 212-222. |
| |
| Collected by François Périnet |
| collected by François Périnet |
| Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 359-371. |
| Collected by François Périnet |
| Gaétan Bouclet collecton |
| collected by François Périnet |
Collected by François Périnet | |
| Collected by François Périnet |
| collected by François Périnet |
| http://alex.geosciences.univ-rennes1.fr:85/Document.htm&numrec=031994168917690 and http://christian.nicollet.free.fr/page/enseignement/LicenceSN/manteauMetam.html and http://www.ens-lyon.fr/Planet-Terre/Infosciences/Geodynamique/Chimie-enveloppes/Articles/peridotite.html |
| A. J. Brearley (1996). Lunar and Planetary Science, 27, 157-158. |
| collected by Gaétan Bouclet and François Périnet |
| P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des minéraux d'alluvions", BRGM, 1978 |
| Pierrot R., Chauris L., Laforêt C. (1975), Inventaire minéralogique de la France, Ed. BRGM, n°5, Côtes du Nord, pp: 174-179 |
| Chauris, L. (2014): Minéraux de Bretagne, Les Editions du Piat, 91. |
| Chauris, L. (2014): Minéraux de Bretagne, Les Editions du Piat, 203. |
Barrois, Ch. (1887): Sur le Kerzanton de la Rade de Brest, Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, p. 46. | |
| R. Pierrot, L. Chauris, C. Laforêt and F. Pillard : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 9 : Morbihan", BRGM, 1980. |
R. Pierrot, L. Chauris, C. Laforêt and F. Pillard : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 9 : Morbihan", BRGM, 1980. | |
| Chauris L. (1987), Composition minéralogique et origine des placers littoraux dans quatre îles du Morbihan, Géologie de la France, (1), p. 57. |
| Chauris L. (1982), Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc.nat.Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1), p. 18. |
| Chauris L. (1982), Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc.nat.Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1), p. 37. |
| Chauris L. (1982), Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc.nat.Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1), PP. 38-41. |
| R. Pierrot, L. Chauris, C. Laforêt and F. Pillard : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 9 : Morbihan", BRGM, 1980. |
CHAURIS L. (1982) - Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc. nat. Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1) p. 14. | |
| Chauris L. (1982), Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc.nat.Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1), p. 30. |
Chauris L. (1982), Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc.nat.Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1), p. 30. | |
| Chauris L. (1982), Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc.nat.Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1), p. 18. |
Chauris L. (1982), Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc.nat.Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1), p. 18. | |
R. Pierrot, L. Chauris, C. Laforêt and F. Pillard : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 9 : Morbihan", BRGM, 1980. | |
| François Périnet collection |
| Collected by Gaetan Bouclet |
| Brearley, A. J. & Jones, R. H. (1998): Chondritic Meteorites. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 3, 398 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
| Personnal discovery François Périnet |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1964, LXXXVII, p. 625-626. |
| Heavy sands collected by Jacques Brest |
| E.T. Berger, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 727-731. |
| Ph. D'arco, J. Cotten, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 153-159. |
| Lacroix, A. (1910): Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies, Librairie Polytechnique, Ch. Béranger Editeur, Tome IV, 301. |
| Les minéraux de Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines, Editions du Piat 2013, Editor Alain Martaud |
| McCubbin, F. M., & Nekvasil, H. (2008). Maskelynite-hosted apatite in the Chassigny meteorite: Insights into late-stage magmatic volatile evolution in martian magmas. American Mineralogist, 93(4), 676-684. |
| Belot, Victor R. (1978) Guide des minéraux, coquillages et fossiles: où les trouver en France, comment les reconnaître et les collectionner (Guides Horay). Pierre Horay (Ed.), 224 pp. |
| Marrocchi, Y., Gounelle, M., Blanchard, I., Caste, F. & Kearsley, A.T. (2014) The Paris CM chondrite: secondary minerals and asteroidal processing. Meteoritics & Planetary Science: 49 (7): 12321249. (July 2014).; Hewins, Roger H. & 16 others (2014) The Paris meteorite, the least altered CM chondrite so far. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 124: 190-222. (1 January 2014); Rubin, A. E. (2015) An American on Paris: Extent of aqueous alteration of a CM chondrite and the petrography of its refractory and amoeboid olivine inclusions. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 50(9): 1595-1612. (Sept 2015). |
| Econ Geol. (1995) 90:2028-2039; Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Bliss, J.D., and Moring, B.C., 2011, Ni-Co laterite deposits of the world; database and grade and tonnage models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1058. |
| Kessel, R., Beckett, J.R. & Stolper, E.M. (2007) The thermal history of equilibrated ordinary chondrites and the relationship between textural maturity and temperature: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71(7):18855-1881. (April 2007). |
| D. Coffrant, Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr. , 1974, 97, pp. 70-78. |
| Inventaire mineralogique de l'Ariege (Editions BRGM 1984) |
| |
J.L. Bodinier et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 345-358 / A.B. Woodland , Chemical Geology, 10 December 1996, vol. 134, no. 1, pp. 83-112(30) / J.P. Lorand, 1989, Lithos, 23, 281-299 | |
J.L. Bodinier et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 345-358 / J.P. Lorand, 1989, Lithos, 23, 281-299 | |
| J.L. Bodinier et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 345-358 / J.P. Lorand, 1989, Lithos, 23, 281-299 |
J.L. Bodinier et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 345-358 / A.B. Woodland , Chemical Geology, 10 December 1996, vol. 134, no. 1, pp. 83-112(30) / J.P. Lorand, 1989, Lithos, 23, 281-299 | |
| Heavy sands collected by Christian Moreno - Collection François Périnet |
| Boutry C., Pelisson P., Pillard F. (1986), Les zéolites d'Espalion, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 3-7 |
Kruszewski, Ł., Gatel, P., Thiéry, V., Moszumańska, I., Kusy, D. (2018)(?): Lapanouse-de-Sévérac (France): an example of unique crystallochemical behaviour of slag minerals and new mineral potential. Coal and Peat Fires, vol. 5, xx-xx (in review/correction); Ł. Kruszewski EPMA/PXRD/Rietveld data | |
| Bischoff, A. & Keil, K. (1984) Al-rich objects in ordinary chondrites: Related origin of carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites and their constituents. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48 (4): 693-709. |
| N. Cabanes and J.C.C. Mercier, Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 65-77. |
| Guitard, G. (2010): Catalogue raisonné de la collection de minéralogie régionale, C.E.R.P. de Tautavel, 104. |
| collected by Christian Moreno |
| Heavy sands collected by Christian Moreno - Collection François Périnet. |
Heavy sands collected by Christian Moreno - Collection François Périnet. | |
Heavy sands collected by Christian Moreno - Collection François Périnet. | |
| Dubru. M, (1986) Pétrologie et géochimie du marbre à brucite et des borates associés au gisement de tungstène de Costabonne, (Pyrénées orientales, France) 930p |
| collected by Christian Moreno |
| Heavy sands collected by Christian Moreno - Collection François Périnet. |
| Ian D. Hutcheon, Gary R. Huss, Albert J. Fahey & Gerald J. Wasserburg (1994). Extreme Mg-26 and O-17 enrichments in an Orgueil corundum: Identification of a presolar oxide grain. Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters, vol. 425, # 2, p. L97-L100.; Gounelle, M. & Zolensky, M. E. (2014) The Orgueil Meteorite: 150 years of history. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 49(10): 1769-1794. (Oct 2014) |
| Chauris L. (2001), Les sables grenatifères des grèves du Pouliguen (Loire-Atlantique), Bull. Soc. Sc. Nat. Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 22, (4), pp. 157-158. |
| Chauris L. (1987), Nature et origine des placers littoraux de l’embouchure de la Loire, Bull. Soc. Sc. Nat. Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 9, (1), p. 5. |
Chauris L. (1987), Nature et origine des placers littoraux de l’embouchure de la Loire, Bull. Soc. Sc. Nat. Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 9, (1), p. 5. | |
| Périnet F. (2018) La Durance, Minéraux du Groupe du Platine, autres minéraux et composants lourds des alluvions. AFM - Le Cahier des Micromonteurs n°140 2-2018 |
| http://wwwpsvt.free.fr/svt/geol/alpes/chenaillet.htm |
French Southern and Antarctic Lands | |
Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 122, 174-190 (1995) | |
Germany | |
| S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| No reference listed |
| No reference listed |
| Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990 |
| Frenzel, G. (1953): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 3(6), 409-444. |
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Indonesia | |
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Iran | |
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Iraq | |
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Ireland | |
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Baldizzone, G., Bobbi, R., Sacchetti, D., Tezza. L. (1997): I minerali della Ciapa Liscia-Rocca Marsa (Piacenza). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 22, 2 (2-1997), 197-201; Baldizzone, G. (2008): I minerali del piacentino – come riconoscerli dove trovarli. Stampa Tipolito Farnese, Piacenza, 113 pp. | |
| Antonio Borrelli collection |
| F. Stoppa and Y. Liu, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 391-402. |
| Caponera, I., Fiori, S., Pucci, R., & Signoretti, E. (2007). I minerali dei Colli Albani. Un aggiornamento sugli ultimi dieci anni di ricerche. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (2), 74-91. |
De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol | |
Mariani P., Scaini G.: "I minerali d'Italia" - Rizzoli, 1978 – | |
| van Bergen, M.J. (1980): Grandidierite from aluminous metasedimentary xenoliths within acid volcanics, a first record in Italy. Mineralogical Magazine: 43: 651-658. |
| Mariani P., Scaini G.: "I minerali d'Italia" - Rizzoli, 1978 and A. Del Caldo, C. Del Moro, C.M. Gramaccioli, M. Boscardin M. "Guida ai Minerali" Fabbri ed. Milano, 1981 and De Michele V. (1975) – Guida Mineralogica d’Italia – Ist. Geogr. De Agostini, Novara; Schingaro E., Scordari F., Capitanio F., Parodi G., Smith D.C., Mottana A. (2001): Crystal chemistry of kimzeyite from Anguillara, Mts. Sabatini, Italy, European Journal of Mineralogy, 13, 749-759. |
| Dario Di Domenico collection |
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| Stoppani, F.S. & Curti, E. (1982): I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp. |
Collected & analyzed by Rossano Carlini | |
| Stoppani, F.S. & Curti, E. (1982): I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp. |
| I minerali del Museo Archeominerario "Kitsche de la Grange",Allumiere,Provincia di Roma. |
Della Ventura, G., Bellatreccia, F., Cámara, F., Oberti, R., Lorand, J.P., Parodi, G.C., Carlier, G., Di Domenico, D. (2006): Carbon-bearing cordierite from Allumiere (Tolfa volcanic center, Latium, Italy): occurrence, crystal-structure and FTIR microspectroscopy. Periodico di Mineralogia, 75, 113–126. | |
| Dario DiDomenico collection |
| - Signoretti, E. & Bosco, P. (2001): Le cave di Gradoli e Onano. Il Cercapietre, 1/2-2001, 10-25 |
Di Domenico Dario | |
https://www.mindat.org/locedit.php?loc=241132&m=1 | |
| Cresta, S., Duronio, F., Mancinella, D. (2002): Geositi e sistema delle arre protette del Lazio: idee per la geoconservazione. Il Cercapietre, 1-2/2002, 48-55 |
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Lapis 28(12), 19-28 (2003) | |
Stoppani F.S, Curti E. (1982): I minerali del Lazio. Editoriale Olimpia, Firenze, 291 pp. | |
No reference listed | |
| Canadian Mineralogist 35, 899-908 (1997) |
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| Paolo Capitanio Moioli Pacifico collectors 2011 |
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| Petrologia e Giacimentologia della serie Diorito-Kinzigitica tra la Val d'Ossola e la Val Grande (Novara). Tesi di Laurea 1977-78 Relatore Dott. Alfredo Ferrario, Correlatori Dott. Biagio Bigioggero Prof. Attilio Boriani, Laureando Salvatore Palumbo |
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| Bombicci, L. (1877) Contribuzioni di mineralogia italiana. Parte III. Minerali delle Miniere del Sarrabus, esercitate dalla Società anonima di Lanusei in Sardegna. Memorie della R. Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna, serie 3a, 8, 326-344; Traverso, G.B. (1881) Giacimenti a minerali d'argento del Sarrabus e di alcune specie di minerali provenienti dai filoni che lo costituiscono, facenti parte della collezione mineralogica del Museo Civico di Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 16, 493-522; Traverso, G.B. (1898) Sarrabus e suoi minerali. Note descrittive sui minerali del Sarrabus facenti parte della collezione di minerali italiani presso il Museo civico di Genova. Tipografia e Libreria Sansoldi, Alba, 73 pp.; Stara, P., Rizzo, R., Brizzi, G. (1993) Sarrabus. Miniere e Minerali. Associazione Mineralogica Sarda, Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, Associazione Piemontese Mineralogia Paleontologia e Mostra Torinese Minerali, Centro Mineralogico Varesino, Amici Mineralogisti Fiorentini, Gruppo Mineralogico Paleontologico Piacentino, et al., Stige Milano Srl, Milano, 208 pp. |
| Stara, P., Rizzo, R., and Tanca, G.A. [with contributions of Vinci, A., and Astolfi, M.] (1996): Iglesiente e Arburese. Miniere e Minerali. Associazione Mineralogica Sarda, Associazione Mineralogica Domusnovas, Gruppo Mineralogico Arburese, Gruppo Mineralogico Paleontologico Piacentino, Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo et al. Ed., Siena, Vol. 2, 192 pp. |
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| Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. |
| Am Min 90:1177-1185 |
| Antonio Borrelli collection |
| AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. |
Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. | |
De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol. | |
De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol. | |
De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol. | |
De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol. | |
| Demartin, F., Campostrini, I., Grisotto, M., & Grisotto, L. (2006). I Canzoccoli. Una località classica presso Predazzo, Val di Fiemme, Trento. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30(3), 166-177. |
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| Giere, R. & Williams, C.T. (1992); Reusser, E. et al. (2001) |
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| Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp. |
| · Betti, C., Bazzoni, C., Bernocchi, M., Pagani, G., Ciriotti, M.E., Bittarello, E., Batoni, M., Batacchi, C. (2017): Poggio del Cornocchio e dintorni (Firenze - Pisa - Siena): storia, miniere e minerali di una zona poco conosciuta. Micro, 15, 1, 2-43. |
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| Fabris, L., Guastoni, A. (2014): Provincia di Padova. In: Zorzi, F., Boscardin, M., (eds.), Minerali del Veneto. Alla scoperta dei tesori della nostra regione. Museo di Storia Naturale e Archeologia di Montebelluna - Treviso, Cierre Edizioni, Sommacampagna, pages 121-141. |
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Ivory Coast | |
| Gouedji, F., Picard, C., Coulibaly, Y., Audet, M. A., Auge, T., Goncalves, P., ... & Ouattara, N. (2014). The Samapleu mafic-ultramafic intrusion and its Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization: an Eburnean (2.09 Ga) feeder dyke to the Yacouba layered complex (Man Archean craton, western Ivory Coast). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 185(6), 393-411. |
Japan | |
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Amer.Min.(1984) 69, 465-471 | |
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| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
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E. Takazawa et al. , Journal of Petrology, V 40, N 12, December 1999, pp. 1827-1851. | |
E. Takazawa et al. , Journal of Petrology, V 40, N 12, December 1999, pp. 1827-1851. | |
E. Takazawa et al. , Journal of Petrology, V 40, N 12, December 1999, pp. 1827-1851. | |
| Dr Kazumi Yokoyama analyses, National Science Museum, Tokyo. |
| Nakamura, N. et al. (2000). The Kobe Meteorite: Preliminary Results of Bulk Chemical Composition, Petrography, Cosmic-Ray Induced Radioactivities, Oxygen Isotopes and Classification (abs. #1234). Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXXI, Houston, Texas. (March 2000) |
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| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Murata, M. (1982) Journal of the Japan Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 77, 267-277. |
| www.city.itoigawa.niigata.jp/fmm/detail-menu2/min109-corundum/corundum.html (in matrix of corundum-bearing river cobbles) |
| Masutomi Museum specimens |
| Toshio Nozaka and Tsugio Shibata (1994) Petrography of primary peridotitesfrom the Ohsa-yama area, Okayama Prefecture. Okayama University Earth Science Report, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1-8 |
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| Makoto Miura and Shoji Arai (2014) Platinum-group Element and Mineral Characteristics of Sub-arc Chromitite Xenoliths from the Takashima Alkali Basalt, Southwest Japan Arc. Can Mineral 52:899-916 |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
Nakamura, H. (2000) Suisyou, 13, #1, 58. | |
| Analyses by Dr Kazumi Yokoyama, National Science Museum, Tokyo |
| Analyses by Dr Hideki Masago, JAMSTEC. |
| Analyses by Dr Kazumi Yokoyama, National Science Museum, Tokyo |
| Bamba, Takeo (1978) The Alpine Chrome Ores from Japan. Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. lV, vol. 18, nos. 1-2, Feb., 1978, 167-179; Harada, Zyunpéi (1954) Chemical Analyses of Japanese Minerals (III) Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy = 北海道大學理學部紀要, 8(4):289-348 |
Arai et al (1999) Mineralogical Magazine, 63, 369-377. | |
Arai, S., & Yurimoto, H. (1994). Podiform chromitites of the Tari-Misaka ultramafic complex, southwestern Japan, as mantle-melt interaction products. Economic Geology, 89(6), 1279-1288. | |
| Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 80: 110-116 (1982) |
| Analyses by Dr Hideki Masago and Dr Chiaki Igarashi, JAMSTEC. |
| Analyses by Dr Hideki Masago and Dr Chiaki Igarashi, JAMSTEC. |
Kazakhstan | |
| Mikhno, A. O., Xiao-Ying Gao, Andrey V. Korsakov (2014) Sulfide associations in diamond-grade dolomitic marble from the Kokchetav massif (Northern Kazakhstan): Evidence for the sulfide melt presence at the UHPconditions. in Abstract Volume IAGR Conference Series No. 20, pp.96–98 |
| http://www.earth.edu.waseda.ac.jp/lab_ogasawara/products/abstracts/200312_AGU_V22D-0618.htm |
| http://www.portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.asp?mineid=mn1019 |
| Lobanov, K. V., & Gaskov, I. V. (2012). The Karchiga copper massive sulfide deposit in the high-grade metamorphosed rocks of the Kurchum block: geologic structure, formation, and metamorphism (Rudny Altai). Russian Geology and Geophysics, 53(1), 77-91. |
| Kovalev, K.R., Kalinin, Y.A., Naumov, E.A., Pirajno, F., and Borisenko, A.S. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 186-205. |
| Kogarko, L. N., Konova, V. A., Orlova, M. P., & Woolley, A. R. (1995). Kazakhstan. In Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World (pp. 71-88). Springer Netherlands. |
| Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI; Komatsu, M., Krot, A. N., Petaev, M. I., Ulyanov, A. A., Keil, K., & Miyamoto, M. (2001). Mineralogy and petrography of amoeboid olivine aggregates from the reduced CV3 chondrites Efremovka, Leoville and Vigarano: Products of nebular condensation, accretion and annealing. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 36(5), 629-641.; Casanova, I., & Grossman, L. (1993, March). Distribution of vanadium and melting of opaque assemblages in Efremovka CAI's. In Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts (Vol. 24, pp. 257-258). |
Kenya | |
Rob Lavinsky | |
| Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages. |
| Rout, S. S. & Bischoff, A. (2008) Ca,Al-rich Inclusions in Rumuruti Chondrites: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIX. LPI Contribution No. 1391: p.1255. (March 2008) |
| Ulianov, A., Kalt, A., Pettke, T. (2005) Hibonite, Ca (Al, Cr, Ti, Si, Mg, Fe2+)12 O19, in granulite xenoliths from the Chyulu Hills volcanic field, Kenya. European Journal of Mineralogy, 17:2, 343-356. |
| [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com] |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Soloviev, S. G. (2011). Geology, mineralization, and fluid Inclusion characteristics of the Kensu W-Mo skarn and Mo-W-Cu-Au alkalic porphyry deposit, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan. Economic Geology, 106(2), 193-222. |
Lesotho | |
| American Mineralogist (1968): 53: 1833-1840. |
Libya | |
| Grady, M. M., Pratesi, G. & Moggi Cecchi, V. (2015) Atlas of Meteorites. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, United Kingdom. 373 pages. |
| Meteoritical Bull. 84 (Aug.2000) |
Zhang, A.-C. & Yurimoto, H. (2013). Petrography and mineralogy of the ungrouped type 3 carbonaceous chondrite Dar al Gani 978. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 48 (9): 1651–1677. (Sept 2013) | |
Lithuania | |
| Prušinskienė, S., Šiliauskas, L., & Skridlaitė, G. (2017). Varieties and chemical composition of magnetite in the Varėna iron ore deposit. chemija, 28(1), 39-57. |
Madagascar | |
| Ungemach, M.H. (1916) Contribution á la Minéralogie de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Société française de minéralogie. 39: 5-38 |
Rakotondrazafy, A.F.M., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Rakotosamizanany, S., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Maluski, H., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., and Ratrimo, V. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 134-154. | |
| J.Behier (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Serv. Geol.Mad. A 1871 |
MinRec 33:219; John Sobolewski specimen and photo | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection (Micro-980) | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection | |
Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field august 1990 | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection | |
| Ackermand, D., Windley, B. F. & Razafiniparany, A. .H. (1991): Kornerupine breakdown reactions in paragneisses from southern Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine 55: 71-80 |
| Lautel, R. (1953): Etude géologique de la feuille Bekitro. Travaux du Bureau Géologique (Tananarive): 40: 1-34 + planches |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Gélogique Madagascar. A 1871 |
Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 | |
Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 | |
| Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p.354 |
| Knut Edvard Larsen Photo & Collection (# M-490) |
Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la Minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, p.71 | |
| Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34,p 397 |
Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 | |
Collection Musée National de la Geologie at Ampandrianomby in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Inventory # 24,951 | |
Behier, J. (1960) Contribution à la Minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, 78p. (p.40) | |
| Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, 92p |
Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 | |
Arliguie M collection & photo | |
Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p. 399. | |
Wolfgang Hampel, site visit 13 August 2005 | |
| Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p. 398. |
Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p 398 | |
Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34. | |
| Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p. 399. |
Handbook of Mineralogy; Curien H, Guillemin C, Orcel J, Sternberg M (1956) La hibonite, nouvelle espèce minérale. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences 242, 2845-2847 | |
von Knorring, 0., Sahama, T.G. and Lehtinen, M. (1969). A note on grandidierite from Fort Dauphin, Madagascar. Bull.Geol.Soc. Finl., 41: 71-74 | |
| Besaire,H.(1966): Gites mineraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXXIV,Tananarive |
Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p. 398. | |
Delbos, L. (1955): Note sur le gisement d'un mineral nouveau " la hibonite" de' l'Androy Mandrareen" in Rapport Annuel du Service Geologique pour 1955, Tananarivo.143-144 | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection # M-61 | |
Pavel M. Kartashov data of 2015 | |
Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p 397 | |
Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Rakotondrazafy, A.F.M., Fallick, A.E., Rakotosamizanany, S., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Razanatsehena, M., Dunaigre, C. and Schwartz, D. (2009) Les gisements de corindon gemmes de Madagascar. Revue de Gemmologie 159 (Mars 2009): 14-28 | |
Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p 397 | |
Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, p 72 | |
Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, p.72 | |
Seydoux-Guillaume, A-M.,Montel, J-M., Wirth, R. & Moine, B. (2009): Radiation damage in diopside and calcite crystals from uranothorianite inclusions. Chemical Geology, (2009),318-332 | |
Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p 331-332 | |
Delbos, L. (1955): Note sur le gisement d'un mineral nouveau " la hibonite" de' l'Androy Mandrareen" in Rapport Annuel du Service Geologique pour 1955, Tananarivo.143-144 | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection & photo | |
| Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive. 34, p. 312. |
Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive. 34, p. 312. | |
Rakotonandrasana, N. O. T., Arima, M., Miyawaki, R. & Rambeloson, R.A. (2010): Widespread Occurrences of Högbomite-2N2S in UHT Metapelites from the Betroka Belt, Southern Madagascar: Implications on Melt or Fluid Activity during Regional Metamorphism. Journal of Petrology: 51 (4):869–895 | |
| Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p 316 |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
Larson, B. (2005): What's New in Minerals. Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines Show 2004. Mineralogical Record. 36 (1),105-109 (p.109); Moore, T. (2005): What's New in Minerals. Munich Show 2004. Mineralogical Record. 36 (1),117-121 (p.120) | |
| Rakotondrazafy, A.F.M., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Rakotosamizanany, S., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Maluski, H., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., and Ratrimo, V. (2008): Gem corundum deposits of Madagascar: A review. Ore Geology Reviews 34, 134-154. |
Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Gélogique Madagascar. A 1871; Razakamanana, T., Ackermand, D. and Windley, B. F. (2006 ): Metamorphic evolution of sapphirine-bearing rocks from Vohidava area, Southern Madagascar: Structural and tectonic implication. Proceedings of the German-Malagasy Research Cooperation in Life and Earth Sciences edited by C Schwitzer, S Brandt et al. p 41-60 | |
| von Knorring, O., Sahama, Th.G., and Lehtinen, M. (1969) Kornerupine-bearing gneiss from Inanakafy near Betroka, Madagascar. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland: 41: 79-84. |
| Arima, M., Kimoto, K., Rakotondrazafy, R., Rakotoandrasana, N.O.T., & Ranaivoson, M.A. (2013): Igneous sapphirine in Ambatomena, southern Madagascar. Goldschmidt2013 Conference Abstracts. Mineralogical Magazine: 77 (5): 615 |
Collection Musée National de la Geologie at Ampandrianomby in Antananarivo, Madagascar # 15536 | |
| Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive. 34, p. 312. |
Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive. 34, p. 312. | |
Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive. 34, p. 311. | |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 | |
Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 | |
[Madagascar - extraLapis English Vol 1 p.30]; Pezzotta, F.(1999): Madagaskar- Das Paradies des Mineralien und Edelsteine. ExtraLapis no.17,30-31[german version] | |
Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270. | |
| Lacroix, A. (1922): Mineralogie de Madagascar, Tome I. Géologie-Minéralogie descriptive. A.Challamel (Éditeur), Paris. p 323 + 394 |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-1264 |
| Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p. 333. |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection (Micro-978); Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p. 333 | |
Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p. 333 | |
Van King | |
| Cecco, V. D. (2013). The Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Green Giant Vanadium-graphite Deposit, SW Madagascar (Masters dissertation). University of Toronto |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
Lacroix, A. (1922): Mineralogie de Madagascar, Tome I. Géologie-Minéralogie descriptive. A.Challamel (Éditeur), Paris. 624p (p.576) | |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
| McDonald, I., Ohnenstetter, D., Ohnenstetter, M., and Vaughan, D.J. (1999): Palladium oxides in ultramafic complexes near Lavatrafo, western Andriamena, Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine. 63: 345-352. |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
| Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871 |
Michel Arligue collection & photo (Photo ID: 883032) | |
| Fritsch, E., Rondeau,B., Peclet, T., Lefebvre, P. & Lulzac, Y. (2016) Red Cordierite from Madagascar. Gems & Gemology, 52 (1): p.? |
| Photo id 511160, old label |
| Rakotonandrasana, N. O. T., Arima, M., Miyawaki, R. & Rambeloson, R.A. (2010): Widespread Occurrences of Högbomite-2N2S in UHT Metapelites from the Betroka Belt, Southern Madagascar: Implications on Melt or Fluid Activity during Regional Metamorphism. Journal of Petrology: 51 (4):869–895 |
| Rakotonandrasana, N. O. T., Arima, M., Miyawaki, R. & Rambeloson, R.A. (2010): Widespread Occurrences of Högbomite-2N2S in UHT Metapelites from the Betroka Belt, Southern Madagascar: Implications on Melt or Fluid Activity during Regional Metamorphism. Journal of Petrology: 51 (4):869–895 |
| Nicollet, C. (1990) Occurrences of grandidierite, serendibite and tourmaline near Ihosy, southern Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 54, n° 374, 131-133. |
| Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270. |
| Rakotonandrasana, N. O. T., Arima, M., Miyawaki, R. & Rambeloson, R.A. (2010): Widespread Occurrences of Högbomite-2N2S in UHT Metapelites from the Betroka Belt, Southern Madagascar: Implications on Melt or Fluid Activity during Regional Metamorphism. Journal of Petrology: 51 (4):869–895 |
| B. Devouard et al. : "Occurrence of musgravite in anorthite-corundum-spinel-sapphirine rocks ("sakenites") from South Madagascar : Evidence for a high-grade metasomatic event". 18th General Meeting of the IMA, Sept. 2002, Edinburgh, Scotland. |
Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270. | |
| Goujou, J.C. (2005) : Etude géologique (pétro-structurale) et minéralogique des zones de Sahambano, Mosalahy, Befanova, Manivala, Zazafotsy, Ranotsara, Iakora–Madagascar. Rapport [http://fonjatany-mth.com/pdf/etudes/rapport_jcg_consult.pdf] |
Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270. | |
http://fonjatany-mth.com/pdf/etudes/annexes_rapport.pdf | |
Nicollet, C. (1990) Occurrences of grandidierite, serendibite and tourmaline near Ihosy, southern Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 54, n° 374, 131-133. | |
| Rakotonandrasana, N. O. T., Arima, M., Miyawaki, R. & Rambeloson, R.A. (2010): Widespread Occurrences of Högbomite-2N2S in UHT Metapelites from the Betroka Belt, Southern Madagascar: Implications on Melt or Fluid Activity during Regional Metamorphism. Journal of Petrology: 51 (4):869–895 |
Rakotonandrasana, N. O. T., Arima, M., Miyawaki, R. & Rambeloson, R.A. (2010): Widespread Occurrences of Högbomite-2N2S in UHT Metapelites from the Betroka Belt, Southern Madagascar: Implications on Melt or Fluid Activity during Regional Metamorphism. Journal of Petrology: 51 (4):869–895 | |
| Giuliani, G., Fallick, A., Rakotondrazafy, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Rakotosamizanany, S., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., Mercier, A., Ratrimo, V., and Ralison, B. (2007): Mineralium Deposita 42, 251-270. |
Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Toulouse 3, no. 86 TOU3 0210, Toulouse, 240 p. | |
| [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com] |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection ( # M-568) |
| Rakotondrazafy, A.F.M., Giuliani, G., Ohnenstetter, D., Fallick, A.E., Rakotosamizanany, S., Andriamamonjy, A., Ralantoarison, T., Razanatseheno, M., Offant, Y., Garnier, V., Maluski, H., Dunaigre, C., Schwarz, D., and Ratrimo, V. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 134-154. |
| Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Toulouse 3, no. 86 TOU3 0210, Toulouse, 240 p |
Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Toulouse 3, no. 86 TOU3 0210, Toulouse, 240 p. | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-1750 |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-2223 |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection | |
| Lacroix, A. (1922): Mineralogie de Madagascar, Tome I. Géologie-Minéralogie descriptive. A.Challamel (Éditeur), Paris. p 326 |
| Grundmann, G. (2001): Die Smaragde der Welt. ExtraLapis 21: 26-37 [german version] |
Malawi | |
| Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. |
| Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139 |
Mali | |
| El Goresy, A. (1965) Mineralbestand und Strukturen der Graphit- und Sulfideinschlüsse in Eisenmeteoriten Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 29 (10): 1131-1151. (Oct 1965) |
Mauritania | |
| Meteoritical Bulletin Database |
| Meteoritical Bulletin Database |
http:www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=57258; Irving, A. J., Kuehner, S. M., Chen, G., Conrey, R. M., Ziegler, K. & Pitt, D. (2013) Petrologic, Elemental and Oxygen Isotopic Characterization of Mg-Rich, Olivine-Phyric Quenched Angrite Northwest Africa 7812: 76th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society. Published in Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement 48, id.5249. (Sept 2013). | |
Mexico | |
| Panczner(1987):356. |
| Imai H. and Yurimoto H. (2000).; American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1483–1486, 2009; Stuart A. Sweeney Smith (2010) Characterization of two atypical refractory inclusions from separate CV3 chondritic meteorites: Petrogenesis in the early Solar System . Senior Comprehensive Exercise Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota.; Ma, C., Paque, J., & Tschauner, O. (2016, March). Discovery of Beckettite, Ca2V6Al6O20, a New Alteration Mineral in a V-Rich Ca-Al-Rich Inclusion from Allende. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Vol. 47, p. 1704). |
| Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam, London: New York. 245 pages. |
| Proenza, J.; Ortega-Gutierrez, F.; Camprubí, A.; Tritlla, J.; Elias-Herrera, M. and Reyes-Salas, M. (2004).- “"The Paleozoic serpentinite-enclosed chromitites from Tehuitzingo (Acatlan Complex, SW Mexico): a petrological, mineralogical, and PGE-distribution study". Journal of South American Earth Sciences , 16,. 649-666. |
Proenza, J.; Ortega-Gutierrez, F.; Camprubí, A.; Tritlla, J.; Elias-Herrera, M. and Reyes-Salas, M. (2004) "The Paleozoic serpentinite-enclosed chromitites from Tehuitzingo (Acatlan Complex, SW Mexico): a petrological, mineralogical, and PGE-distribution study". Journal of South American Earth Sciences , 16,. 649-666. | |
| Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam, London: New York. 245 pages. |
| Kessel, R., Beckett, J.R. & Stolper, E.M. (2007) The thermal history of equilibrated ordinary chondrites and the relationship between textural maturity and temperature: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71(7):18855-1881. (1 April 2007). |
Morocco | |
| Ivanova, M. A. et al (2002): Meteorit.Planet. Sci. 37, 1337-1444. |
| S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006) |
| Wittmann, A. et al. (2014): M & PS, 49, A437; Wittmann, A. et al. (2015): LPS XLVI, Abstract #1141. |
| Petruk, W. (1975). Mineralogy and geology of the Zgounder silver deposit in Morocco. The Canadian Mineralogist, 13(1), 43-54. |
Mozambique | |
| Hurai, V., Paquette, J. L., Huraiová, M., Slobodník, M., Hvožďara, P., Siegfried, P., ... & Milovská, S. (2017). New insights into the origin of the Evate apatite-iron oxide-carbonate deposit, Northeastern Mozambique, constrained by mineralogy, textures, thermochronometry, and fluid inclusions. Ore Geology Reviews, 80, 1072-1091.; Hurai, V., Huraiová, M., Gajdošová, M., Konečný, P., Slobodník, M., & Siegfried, P. R. (2018). Compositional variations of zirconolite from the Evate apatite deposit (Mozambique) as an indicator of magmatic-hydrothermal conditions during post-orogenic collapse of Gondwana. Mineralogy and Petrology, 112(3), 279-296.; Gajdošová, M., Huraiová, M., Hurai, V., & Konečný, P. (2017) In situ chemical dating of new accessory minerals from the Evate deposit in Mozambique. CAM–2017 (Conference on Accessory Minerals) |
Myanmar | |
| http://www.burmarubies.com/Spinel.html; Peretti, A. and Günther, D. (2003): Spinel from Namya. Contrib. to Gemol., 2, 15-18. [http://www.gemresearch.ch/journal/No2/page15.htm]; Pardieu, V. (2014): Hunting for “Jedi” Spinels in Mogok. Gems & Gemology 50, 46-57. [https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/spring-2014-pardieu-jedi-spinels-in-mogok] ; Aung, H. L., & Zin, T. T. (2017, November). Exploring Gemstones in Northern Part of Myanmar. In International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing (pp. 182-188). Springer, Singapore. |
| Re-entry of old Mindat data |
| Maung Thein & Soe Win (1970): The metamorphic petrology, structures and mineral resources of the Shantaung-U - Thandawmywet Range, Kyaukse District. Union of Burma Journ. Sci. Techn. 3(3): pp. 487-514. |
| |
http://www.ruby-sapphire.com/r-s-bk-burma4.htm | |
Ma Kyu Kyu Aung (2004): Petrology and mineralogy of the Yetkansin area, Madaya Township. M.S. thesis, Yangon University, Department of Geology. | |
Malsy, A.-K., Klemm, L. (2010): Distinction of gem spinels from the Himalayan Mountain Belt. Chimia 64, 741-746; Widmer, R., Malsy, A.-K., Armbruster, T. (2015): Effects of heat treatment on red gemstone spinel: single-crystal X-ray, Raman, and photoluminescence study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 42, 251-260. | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Harald Schillhammer collection | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Harlow G1, Thu K (2014) Hydrothermal recrystallization of dunitic olivine: peridot from Pyaung-Gaung, Myanmar and other examples. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 198 | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems and Mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok; Soonthorntantikul, W., Vertriest, W., Raynaud-Flattot, V.L., Sangsawong, S., Atikarnsakul, U., Khowpong, Ch., Weeramonkhonlert, V. and Pardieu, V. (2017) An in-depth gemological study of blue sapphires from the Baw Mar mine (Mogok, Myanmar). Gemmological Institute of America Report, 87 pp. [https://www.gia.edu/doc/Gemological-Study-Blue-Sapphires-Baw-Mar-Mine-Mogok-Myanmar-GIA.pdf] |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
; Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
; Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Kyaw Khaing Win, Harald Schillhammer and NHM Vienna collections | |
Harald Schillhammer collection; NHM Vienna collection | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, Sieghard Ellenberger specimens; Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, material of Sieghard Ellenberger; Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok; Kyaw Thu (2007) The Igneous Rocks of the Mogok Stone Tract: Their Distributions, Petrography, Petrochemistry, Sequence, Geochronology and Economic Geology. PhD Thesis University of Yangon, Myanmar | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
| Fabre Minerals.; Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Harald Schillhammer collection | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Themelis, Ted, 2008, Gems and Mines of Mogok.; Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Sieghard Ellenberger data; Ted Themelis (2008) Gems and Mines of Mogok | |
Themelis, Ted, 2008, Gems and Mines of Mogok.; Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
| Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok |
[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com] | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems and Mines of Mogok | |
| Mine owner, personal communication |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems and Mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems and Mines of Mogok | |
Harald Schillhammer collection | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems and Mines of Mogok; Pardieu, V. (2014): Hunting for “Jedi” Spinels in Mogok. Gems & Gemology 50, 46-57. [https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/spring-2014-pardieu-jedi-spinels-in-mogok] | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems and Mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems & mines of Mogok | |
Ted Themelis (2008) Gems and Mines of Mogok | |
| http://www.ruby-sapphire.com/r-s-bk-burma4.htm |
| Shigley, J. E., Laurs, B. M., Janse, A. J. A., Elen, S., & Dirlam, D. M. (2010). Gem Localities of the 2000s. Gems & Gemology, 46(3). |
| Kyaw Khaing Win (2004): A study on gemstones occurrences of Monghsu and its environs. Unpublishes M.Res. thesis, University of Yangon, Department of Geology. |
| Themelis, Ted, 2008, Gems and Mines of Mogok. |
Han Htun & George E. Harlow. Identifying Sources among Burmese Rubies. American Museum Natural History website accessed 7/3/2013 | |
Namibia | |
| Werner & Marianne Teich collection |
| Ettler, V., Johan, Z., Kříbek, B., Šebek, O. & Mihaljevič, M. (2009): Mineralogy and environmental stability of slags from the Tsumeb smelter, Namibia. Applied Geochemistry 24, 1-15. |
| A. Wohlschläger, U. Kolitsch and E. Libowitzky (2001): Large "gahnites" from near Okahua, Namibia: only Fe- and Zn-bearing spinels. Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 146, 323. |
Netherlands | |
| |
New Zealand | |
| Olivine nodules from Tokatoka, Northland. Black and Brothers, NZJGG, 8(1) 1965. |
| Brearley, A. J. & Jones, R. H. (1998). Chondritic Meteorites. In: Planetary Materials (Papike, J. J., Editor): Chapter 3, 398 pages. Mineralogical Society of America: Washington, DC, USA. (1998) |
| Leach, T.M., Rodgers, K.A. (1978) Metasomatism in the Wairere Serpentinite King Country New Zealand, Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 42, 45-62. |
| Railton, G. L. and Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bulletin #104 (1990). |
| Reay, A., Chappell, D., Garden, B. (2002) A new garnet‐bearing mineral breccia from North Otago, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 45:4, 461-466. |
| C. M. Ward (1984) Magnesium staurolite and green chromian staurolite from Fiordland, New Zealand . American Mineralogist, Volume 69, pages 531-540. |
| Gill, K.R., Johnston, M.R. (1970) The geology and nickel-copper sulphide mineralisation in the Graham Valley, North-West Nelson. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 13:2, 477-494. |
Nigeria | |
| Ramdohr, P. (1973). The Opaque Minerals in Stony Meteorites. Elsevier Publishing Company: Amsterdam; London: New York. 245 pages. |
| Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114), vol. 20, pt. 1, June 30, 1985, p. 229-243. |
| Rubin, A.E.; Kallemeyn, G.W.; Wasson, J.T.; Clayton, R.N.; Mayeda, T.K.; Grady, M.M. and Verchovsky, A.B. (2001). Gujba: A new Bencubbin-like meteorite fall from Nigeria. In: 32nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 12-16 March 2001, Houston, Texas, USA. |
North Africa | |
| Floss, C., Crozaz, G., McKay, G., Mikouchi, T. & Killgore, M. (2003) Petrogenesis of angrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67(24): 4775-4789. (Dec 2003) |
North Korea | |
| Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Jour. Min. Soc. Korea, 24, 12. |
| Kinosaki, Y. (1940) Jour. Min. Soc. Korea, 23, 11. |
| Handbook of Mineralogy, v5 |
| Kondo, C. (1969) Mica (in: Geology and Mineral resources of the Far East, vol. 2, pp 188-197 |
Kondo, C. (1969) Mica (in: Geology and Mineral resources of the Far East, vol. 2, pp 188-197 | |
North Macedonia | |
| Kolitsch, U., Đorđević, T., Tasev, G., Serafimovski, T., Boev, I., Boev, B. (2018): Supergene mineralogy of the Lojane Sb-As-Cr deposit, Republic of Macedonia: Tracing the mobilization of toxic metals. Geologica Macedonica 32, 95-117. |
| Spasovski, O, Doneva B. (2009) Metalogenetic Characteristics of the Groot Fe-Ni Deposit Republic of Macedonia. 3rd Balkan Mining Congress, BALKANMINE 2009. :23.: The Chamber of Mining Engineers of Turkey |
Northwest Africa Meteorites | |
Rubin, A.E., Breen, J.P., Isa, J. & Tutorow, S. (2016) New Kind of Chondrite: A Clast with Carbonaceous, Ordinary, and Unique Characteristics in the Northwest Africa 10214 LL3 Breccia: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XLVII. LPI Contribution No. 1903, pdf.1048. (March 2016).; Rubin, A.E., Breen, J.P., Isa, J. & Tutorow, S. (2017) NWA 10214 - An LL3 chondrite breccia with an assortment of metamorphosed, shocked, and unique chondrite clasts: Meteoritics & Planetary Science 52(2): 372-390. (Feb 2017). | |
http:www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=17405 -NWA1670@MetBullDatabase; Mikouchi, T., McKay G., Koizumi E., Monkawa, A. & Miyamoto, M. (2003) Northwest Africa 1670: A new quenched angrite. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 38(7,Suppl.): A115.; Jambon A., Boudouma, O., Fonteilles, M., Le Guillou, C., Badia D. & Barrat, J. A. (2008) Petrology and mineralogy of the angrite Northwest Africa 1670. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 43:1783–1795. (Nov 2008). | |
Stuart A. Sweeney Smith (2010) Characterization of two atypical refractory inclusions from separate CV3 chondritic meteorites: Petrogenesis in the early Solar System . Senior Comprehensive Exercise Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. | |
Fintor, K., Walter, H. & Nagy, Sz. (2013) Petrographic and Micro-Raman Analysis of Chondrules and (Ca, Al)-Rich Inclusions of NWA 2086 CV3 Type Carbonaceous Chondrite: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XLIV. LPI Contribution No. 1719, p.1152. (March 2013); Fintor, K., Park, C., Nagy, S., Pál-Molnár, E. & Krot, A. N (2014) Hydrothermal origin of hexagonal CaAl2Si2O8 (dmisteinbergite) in a type A CAI from the Northwest Africa 2086 CV3 Chondrite: Meteoritics & Planetary Science 49 (5): 812-823 (May 2014) | |
Moggi-Cecchi, V., Pratesi, G., Salvadori, A., Franchi, I.A., and Greenwood, R.C. (2007) Textural and minerochemical features of NWA 1807 and 2180, two new CV3 chondrites from Northwest Africa. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII pdf #2338. | |
Connolly Jr, H.C. & 11 others (2006). The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 90, 2006 September. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 41(9):1383-1418. (Sept 2006).; http:www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=53610; Kuehner, S. M., Irving, A. J., Bunch, T. E., Wittke, J. H., Hupé, G. M. & Hupé, A. C. (2006) Coronas and symplectites in plutonic angrite NWA 2999: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII. 1344.pdf. (Mar 2006).; Baghdadi, B., Godard, G. & Jambon, A. (2012) Metamorphic Reactional Coronas in the Peridotitic Angrite NWA 3164, Interpretations and Implications: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, XLIII: LPI Contribution No. 1659, id.2188. (Mar 2012). | |
Anorthite, Diopside, Olivine; Merrillite, Pleonaste, Spinel, Troilite | |
Ruzicka, A., Grossman, J. N. & Garvie, L. (2014) Meteoritical Bulletin, no. 100: Meteoritical & Planetary science 49: E1-E101. (Aug 2014) [Online supplement] | |
Ruzicka, A., Grossman, J. N. & Garvie, L. (2014) Meteoritical Bulletin, no. 100: Meteoritical & Planetary science 49: E1-E101. (Aug 2014) [Online supplement]; Mikouchi, T. & Bizzarro, M. (2012) Mineralogy and Petrology of NWA 7203: A New Quenched Angrite Similar to NWA 1296 and NWA 1670. Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, id.5120. (Sept 2012) | |
http:www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=60869; Agee, C. B., Miley, H. M., Ziegler, K. & Spilde, M. N. (2015) Northwest Africa 8535: Unique Dunitic Angrite. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XLVI, LPI Contribution No. 1832, pdf.2681. (Mar 2015). | |
Norway | |
| Scheerer, Th. (1845): Bidrag til Kundskab om norske Mineralier. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne.4:333-349 |
| Selbekk R.S. (2010): Norges mineraler. En revidert utgave av Norges mineraler (Neumann 1985). Tapir-NGU-NHM, 552 pp.(p.119) |
| Kihle, J., Harlov, D.E., Frigaard, Ø. & Jamtveit, B.(2010): A quartz-corundum-sapphirine-pyrope-bearing ultra high temperature (UHT) granulitepitaxial quartz inclusions in corundum from a sapphirine–garnet boudin, Bamble Sector, SE Norway: SiO2–Al2O3 miscibility at high P–T dry granulite facies conditions. Journal of Metamorphic Geology. 28: 769-784 |
| Weibye, P. C. (1848): Beiträge zur topograpischen Mineralogie Norwegens. Archiv für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Bergbau und Hüttenkunde. 22: 465-544 |
SCHEERER, Th. (1845): Geognostisk-mineralogiske Skizzer- samlede paa en Reise i sommeren 1842. Nyt Magasin for Naturvidenskaberne, 4, 126-164 | |
| Visser, D. et al. (1999) "The occurrence of preiswerkite in a tourmaline-biotite-scapolite rock from Blengsvatn, Norway", American Mineralogist, Volume 84, pages 977–982. |
| Breivik, H. (2001): Mineralene i Ravneberget pukkverk, Søndeled. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 18: 31- 36 |
| Visser, D., Thijssen, P.H.M. & Schumacher J.C.(1992) Högbomite in sapphirine-bearing rocks from the Bamble Sector, south Norway. Mineralogical Magazine 56: 343-351 |
| Touret, J. & De La Roche, H. (1971): Contribution to the mineralogy of Norway , No. 45. Saphirine à Snaresund, prés de Tvedestrand (Norvége Méridionale). Norsk Geolgisk Tidsskrift 51, 170-175 |
| Jøsang, Ottar (1966): Geologiske og petrologiske undersøkelser i Modumfeltet. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse nr 235, 91-97 |
| Cadow, R. (1993): Sm - Nd and Rb - Sr ages of hornblende clinopyroxenite and metagabbro from Lillebukt Alkaline Complex, Seiland Igneous Province. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 73, # 4, pp. 243 - 249. |
| Barth, T.F.W. (1953): The layered gabbro series at Seiland, Northern Norway. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse. 184, 191-200 |
| Sturt, B.A. & Ramsay, D.M. (1965): The alkaline complex of the Breivikbotn area, Sørøy, northern Norway. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse. 231, 1-164 |
P. Andresen collected summer 2003. | |
| Elvevold, S. & Reginiussen, H. (1996): Reaction textures in contact metamorphosed xenoliths; implications for the tectonothermal evolution of the Seiland Igneous Province, Norwegian Caledonides. European Journal of Mineralogy, 8, 777-789 |
| Vrijmoed, J.C., Smith, D. C. & van Roermund, M. (2008): Raman confirmation of microdiamond in the Svartberget Fe-Ti type garnet peridotite, Western Gneiss Region, Western Norway. Terra Nova, 20:295-301. |
| van Roermund, H.L.M., Carswell, D. A., Drury, M. R and Heijboer, T.C. (2002): Microdiamonds in a megacrystic garnet websterite pod from Bardane on the island of Fjørtoft, western Norway: Evidence for diamond formation in mantle rocks during deep continental subduction. Geology. 30: 959-962 |
| Vogt, J.H.L. (1910): Über das Spinell: Magnetit-Eutektikum. Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi Skrifter. 1. Mat.-Naturv. Klasse 1910, 5, 1-25. |
| Lapen, T. J., Medaris, L.G. Jr., Beard, B.L. & Johnson, C.M. (2009): The Sandvik peridotite, Gurskøy, Norway: Three billion years of mantle evolution in the Baltica lithosphere. Lithos. 109,145–154 |
| Moore, A.C. (1977): The petrography and possible regional significance of the Hjelmkona ultramafic body (Sagvandite), Nordmøre, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift. 57, 55-64. |
| Mysen, B.O. & Heier, K. S. (1971) A note on the field occurrence of a large eclogite on Hareid, Sunnmøre, Western Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift: 51: 93-96 |
| Mysen, B.O. & Heier, K.S. (1972): Petrogenesis of eclogites in high grade metamorphic gneisses, examplified by the Hareidland eclogite, Western Norway. Contr.Miner.Petrol. 36, 73-94. |
| Straume, A. K. & Austrheim, H. (1999): Importance of fracturing during retro-metamorphism of eclogites.Journal of Metamorphic Geology. 17, 637-652 |
| Garmo, T.T. & Selbekk, R. (2017): Norsk mineralbok. Fossheim Steinsenter, Lom. 351p. (p.163) |
| Nordrum, F.S. (2008): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2007-2008. STEIN 35 (2), 8-20 |
| Nordrum, F.S. (2004): Mineralene i Sulitjelma kobbergruver, Fauske. STEIN 31 (3): 3-25 |
Mason, R. (1967) Electron-probe microanalysis of coronas in a troctolite from Sulitjelma, Norway. Mineralogical Magazine: 36: 504-514. | |
| Bradshaw, R. & Leake, B. E. (1964) : A chondrodite-humite-spinel marble from Sørfinnset, near Glomfjord, northern Norway. Mineralogical Magazine, 33: 1066-1080 |
| Sverdrup, T.L.,Thorkildsen, C.D. & Bjørlykke, H. (1967): Uran og Thorium i Norge. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 250A, 3-31 |
| Østergaard, T.V. (1969): Sapphirine in a kyanite- and staurolite- bearing rock. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse nr 258. (Årbok 1968), 62-65 |
| Nordenskjöld, O. (1895): Om Bossmo grufvers geologi. Geologiska Föreningen Stockholm Förhandlingar. 17: 523-542 |
Luc Yen, Yenbai Province, Vietnam