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Spinel

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Cole Wendling
01088690014946258504791.jpg
Spinel

Lục Yên District, Yên Bái Province, Vietnam
01298780014946258504052.jpg
Spinel

San Vito Quarry, San Vito, Ercolano, Mount Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples, Campania, Italy
07437070014946247241961.jpg
Spinel, etc.

An Phú, Lục Yên District, Yên Bái Province, Vietnam
01088690014946258504791.jpg
Spinel

Lục Yên District, Yên Bái Province, Vietnam
01298780014946258504052.jpg
Spinel

San Vito Quarry, San Vito, Ercolano, Mount Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples, Campania, Italy
02471370014946258534038.jpg
Spinel, etc.

An Phú, Lục Yên District, Yên Bái Province, Vietnam
01088690014946258504791.jpg
Spinel

Lục Yên District, Yên Bái Province, Vietnam
01298780014946258504052.jpg
Spinel

San Vito Quarry, San Vito, Ercolano, Mount Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples, Campania, Italy
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About SpinelHide

Formula:
MgAl2O4
Colour:
Black, blue, red, violet , green, brown, pink
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7½ - 8
Specific Gravity:
3.6 - 4.1
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named in 1779 by Jean Demeste from Latin "spinella", little thorn, alluding to its sharp octahedral crystals. Confused with carbuncle = ruby in former times.
Spinel-Hercynite Series, Gahnite-Spinel Series, and the Magnesiochromite-Spinel Series.

Intensely coloured varieties due to the incorporation of various impurity elements. A few spinels from Sri Lanka can show an alexandrite colour change effect.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Spinel.



Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3729
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3729:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
45b8e899-368d-4230-98f2-408c51dd5cd4

IMA Classification of SpinelHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of SpinelHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
4.BB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th ed.:
7.2.1.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.4.9

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
4 : Oxides of Be, Mg and the alkaline earths

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
SplIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
SplKretz (1983)Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
SplSiivolam & Schmid (2007)Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
SplWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
SplThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download
SplWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of SpinelHide

Lustre:
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Splendent to dull
Colour:
Black, blue, red, violet , green, brown, pink
Comment:
Natural spinel usually contains some minor and trace elements (e.g., Cr, Co, Fe, V) that may cause various hues. The ratios of these chromophores directly affect the color composition. The red color in spinel is attributed to the combination of significant Cr and V. Magenta and purple to blue and green colors in spinels are affected by the significant Fe concentration, whereas orange color in spinel shows the contribution of significant V content compared to Cr and Fe. After the heating experiment, advanced gemological investigation reveals some noteworthy characteristic features. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicates a greater change in oxidation state, as well as disordering of Fe and V. Broadening of the dominant peak at around 406 cm−1 with occurrences of additional small peaks at around 715–719 cm−1 in Raman spectra, as well as broadening of the 685 nm (R-line) and poorly defined structure of additional peaks (N-lines) in photoluminescence spectra should be significant indicators of spinel undergone heat treatment. Pluthametwisute et. al. (2022) The trace element contents of the four areas are different. Burmese spinel is poor in Fe and Zn (Fe: 135.68–3925 ppm; Zn: 338.58–1312 ppm), while Burmese red spinel is rich in Cr (up to 7387 ppm). Vietnamese spinel is rich in Fe (3669.63–19,425 ppm) and poor in Ti content (<89 ppm), while Tanzanian spinel is rich in Zn (5129.96–7008 ppm). High content of Cr + V can lead to the red color in spinel, and the contents of Cr and V change obviously with color. Spinels appear red when Cr content is higher than V, while spinels appear orange when V content is higher than Cr. The red, pink, and orange spinels are colored by Cr3+ and V3+, showing a wide absorption band centered at 400 nm and 550 nm. Fe plays a dominant role in purple spinels. The purple spinel is colored by Fe3+ and Fe2+.[[1]]
Streak:
Greyish white
Hardness:
7½ - 8 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Parting:
Separation plane {111} indistinct and probably represents parting rather than cleavage.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Splintery, Conchoidal
Density:
3.6 - 4.1 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.578 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Increases with iron and zinc content.

Optical Data of SpinelHide

Type:
Isotropic
RI values:
n = 1.719
Birefringence:
Isotropic minerals have no birefringence
Surface Relief:
High
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Comments:
Anomalous in some blue Zn-bearing varieties.

Chemistry of SpinelHide

Mindat Formula:
MgAl2O4
Elements listed:
Al, Mg, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Ti,Fe,Zn,Mn,Ca

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:
 23456
SiO20.08 % %0.01 %0.03 %0.03 %
TiO20.10 %0.01 %0.41 %0.01 % %
Al2O359.42 %69.75 %63.77 %69.41 %55.61 %
Ga2O30.01 %0.01 %0.04 %0.02 %0.02 %
V2O30.06 %0.01 %0.23 %0.08 %0.01 %
Cr2O38.66 % %0.85 %0.11 %10.68 %
Fe2O3*0.60 % % %0.06 %0.70 %
FeO*9.70 %6.19 %20.16 %7.74 %15.64 %
MnO0.09 %0.23 %0.11 %0.13 %0.39 %
CoO0.02 % %0.05 % %0.11 %
NiO0.40 % %0.02 %0.01 %0.16 %
ZnO0.08 %0.01 %0.23 %0.38 %0.71 %
MgO20.40 %23.89 %14.40 %22.98 %15.48 %
Total:99.62 %100.1 %100.28 %100.96 %99.54 %
Empirical formulas:
Sample IDEmpirical Formula
1(Mg0.69Fe0.34)Al1.92Si0.04O4
2(Mg0.78Fe2+0.21Ni0.01)(Al1.80Cr0.18Fe3+0.01)O4
3(Mg0.87Fe2+0.13)(Al2.00)O4
4(Mg0.56Fe2+0.44)(Al1.96Cr0.02Ti0.01)O4
5(Mg0.83Fe2+0.16Zn0.01)Al1.99O4
6(Mg0.62Fe2+0.35Mn2+0.01Zn0.01)(Al1.76Cr0.23Fe3+0.01)O4
Sample references:
IDLocalityReferenceNotes
1Kjøde, Selje, Stad, Vestland, Norway
Wikstr
A coarse-grained spinel-plagioclase symplectite in a kyanite-eclogite. Sample has been taken from Eskola's (1921)original material.
2Kilbourne Hole, Doña Ana County, New Mexico, USA
Frank K. Mazdab collection; sample FKM-162; https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-151-to-fkm-175/#FKM-162
deep green (in thin section) spinel accompanying forsterite, enstatite and diopside, in lherzolite xenolith in basalt
3Andranokaolo thorianite deposit, Tranomaro, Amboasary Sud District, Anosy, Madagascar
Frank K. Mazdab collection; sample FKM-191; https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-176-to-fkm-200/#FKM-191
spinel with hibonite and abundant corundum and anorthite, in Ca-Al-rich granulite
4Pennycross sapphire occurrence, Loch Scridain, Isle of Mull, Argyll and Bute, Scotland, UK
Frank K. Mazdab collection; sample FKM-189; https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-176-to-fkm-200/#FKM-189
scattered spinel with corundum, cordierite, mullite, sanidine, plagioclase, glass, and additional oxides in clots of sanidinite-facies metapelite ("buchite")
5Edenville, Town of Warwick, Orange County, New York, USA
Frank K. Mazdab collection; sample FKM-184; https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-176-to-fkm-200/#FKM-184
spinel with warwickite, forsterite and clinohumite in high-grade magnesian marble
6Longido District, Arusha Region, Tanzania
Frank K. Mazdab collectionsample FKM-68; https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-51-to-fkm-75/#FKM-68
sparse partially-relict(?) Cr-bearing spinel as tiny inclusions within zoisite, in a zoisite+pargasite+corundum high-grade meta-gabbroid

Crystallography of SpinelHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.0898(9) Å
Unit Cell V:
529.44 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Usually octahedral; less often modified by a{010} or d{011}; dodecahedral or cubic rare. Massive, coarse-granular to compact.
Twinning:
Common on {111} (spinel law), with twinned aggregates often flattened parallel to {111}, the composite plane. Sixlings due to repeated twinning noted.
Comment:
On synthetic material

Crystallographic forms of SpinelHide

Crystal Atlas:
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Spinel no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Spinel no.9 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Spinel no.23 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0001398SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-145819910293
0001399SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-145819910293
0001400SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-145819910873
0001401SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-145819910923
0001402SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-145819910973
0001403SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-145819910973
0001404SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-1458199101023
0001405SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-1458199101073
0001406SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-1458199101073
0001407SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-1458199101123
0001408SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-1458199101173
0001409SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-1458199101173
0001410SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-1458199101273
0001411SpinelPeterson R C, Lager G A, Hitterman R L (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K American Mineralogist 76 1455-1458199101273
0001459SpinelRoss C R, Armbruster T, Canil D (1992) Crystal structure refinement of a spinelloid in the system Fe3O4-Fe2SiO4 American Mineralogist 77 507-51119920293
0002106SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990299
0002107SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990683
0002108SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990707
0002109SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990766
0002110SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990837
0002111SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990903
0002112SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990969
0002113SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901035
0002114SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901100
0002115SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901164
0002116SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901228
0002117SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901291
0002118SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901355
0002119SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901418
0002120SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901481
0002121SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901544
0002122SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901606
0002123SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901644
0002124SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901662
0002125SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901650
0002126SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901595
0002127SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901532
0002128SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901468
0002129SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901405
0002130SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901278
0002131SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901214
0002132SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901152
0002133SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901088
0002134SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901024
0002135SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990961
0002136SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990898
0002137SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990834
0002138SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990770
0002139SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990710
0002140SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990610
0002141SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990516
0002142SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990464
0002143SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990405
0002144SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990298
0002145SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990473
0002146SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990673
0002147SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990773
0002148SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990873
0002149SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990973
0002150SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901073
0002151SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901173
0002152SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901273
0002153SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901373
0002154SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901473
0002155SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901573
0002156SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901673
0002157SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901773
0002158SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K. American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901873
0002159SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990364
0002160SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990374
0002161SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990420
0002162SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990502
0002163SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990563
0002164SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990636
0002165SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990707
0002166SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990778
0002167SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990848
0002168SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990916
0002169SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-31019990984
0002170SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901080
0002171SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901116
0002172SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901182
0002173SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901232
0002174SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901311
0002175SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901376
0002176SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901441
0002177SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901506
0002178SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901573
0002179SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901639
0002180SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901676
0002181SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901671
0002182SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901622
0002183SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901557
0002184SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901492
0002185SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901427
0002186SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901362
0002187SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901299
0002188SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901235
0002189SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901171
0002190SpinelRedfern S A T, Harrison R J, O'Neill H St C, Wood D R R (1999) Thermodynamics and kinetics of cation ordering in MgAl2O4 spinel up to 1600 C from in situ neutron diffraction Data collected at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, American Mineralogist 84 299-310199901107
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

Epitaxial Relationships of SpinelHide

Epitaxial Minerals:
Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2SMg3Al8BeO16

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.66 Å(35)
2.858 Å(40)
2.437 Å(100)
2.020 Å(65)
1.5554 Å(45)
1.4289 Å(55)
1.0524 Å(12)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Pre-terrestrial "Ur-minerals">4.57
1 : Stellar atmosphere condensates
Stage 1: Primary nebular phases4.567-4.561
3 : Solar nebular condensates (CAIs, AOAs, URIs)>4.565
4 : Primary chondrule phases4.566–4.561
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration4.566-4.550
6 : Secondary asteroid phases4.566-4.560
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust>4.50
9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies)
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
38 : Ophiolites
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)
Geological Setting:
As an accessory mineral in igneous rocks, principally basalts, peridotites, kimberlites. In marbles, pegmatites.

Synonyms of SpinelHide

Other Language Names for SpinelHide

Varieties of SpinelHide

Alkali-spinelVariety of spinel containing Na2O 1.38%, K2O 1.31%.

Originally reported from Mansjöberg, Los, Ljusdal, Hälsingland, Sweden.
Almandine SpinelA misleading name for a natural purple spinel.
Aluminium SpinelOctahedral crystals from a slag said to give analyses corresponding to Al3O4.
Balas RubyAn old name for rose-red spinel.
CeyloniteA ferroan spinel with Mg:Fe from 3:1 and 1:1 and little or no ferric iron.
ChlorospinelA green, Fe-bearing variety of spinel containing Fe3+ next in abundance after Al.
FerropicotiteAn Fe2+-bearing (ferroan) variety of spinel.
GahnospinelA variety of spinel rich in zinc. May grade into gahnite.

Originally reported from Gem gravels, Ratnapura, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka.
Iron-magnesia SpinelA ferroan variety of spinel.
Jedi spinelThe spinel samples from Man Sin in Myanmar, with their bright neon pinkish red to reddish pink color being recognized as “Jedi” spinel by Myanmar and Thai jewelers.
Magnesium and Chromium-bearing SpinelFrom DeBeers mine (kimberlites), associated, i.a., with hawthorneite.
MagnochromiteA Cr-bearing variety of spinel.
PleonasteAn Fe2+-bearing (ferroan) variety of spinel, often exhibiting crystal forms more complex than the basic octahedron with crystallography exhibiting combinations of the octahedron with either the dodecahedron d{011} or more rarely the cube a{001} forms.
Rozircon
RubicelleYellow to orange-red variety.
Ruby SpinelName applied to gemmy red-colored spinel.
Titano-spinelA doubtful Ti-bearing spinel.

Originally reported from Mikro-Lakka Emery deposit, Kerketeas Mt (Kerkis Mt), Sámos Island, Sámos Prefecture, Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department, Greece.

Relationship of Spinel to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Spinel Subgroup > Oxyspinel Group > Spinel Supergroup
Other Members of this group:
ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
CochromiteCoCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
CoulsoniteFe2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
CuprospinelCu2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
DellagiustaiteV2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Deltalumite(Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
GahniteZnAl2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
GalaxiteMn2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
GuiteCo2+Co3+2O4Iso.
HausmanniteMn2+Mn3+2O4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
HercyniteFe2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
HetaeroliteZnMn2O4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
JacobsiteMn2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Jacobsite-QMn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
Maghemite(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4Iso. 4 3 2 : P41 3 2
MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
MagnesiocoulsoniteMgV2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
MagnesioferriteMgFe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
ManganochromiteMn2+Cr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Nichromite(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
ThermaerogeniteCuAl2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Titanomaghemite(Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4Iso. 4 3 2 : P43 3 2
TrevoriteNi2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
UM1994-06-O:AlCoCoAl2O4
VuorelaineniteMn2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
ZincochromiteZnCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
Forms a series with:
GahniteGahnite-Spinel Series
HercyniteHercynite-Spinel Series
MagnesiochromiteMagnesiochromite-Spinel Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
521 photos of Spinel associated with CalciteCaCO3
294 photos of Spinel associated with CorundumAl2O3
282 photos of Spinel associated with Magnesiohögbomite subgroup
146 photos of Spinel associated with ForsteriteMg2SiO4
141 photos of Spinel associated with ChondroditeMg5(SiO4)2F2
126 photos of Spinel associated with PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
80 photos of Spinel associated with ClinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4F2
54 photos of Spinel associated with DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
49 photos of Spinel associated with PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
37 photos of Spinel associated with GraphiteC

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.BB.Elgoresyite(Mg5Si2)O9Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.BB.ChenmingiteFeCr2O4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.DellagiustaiteV2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.ThermaerogeniteCuAl2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.ChukocheniteLiAl5O8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
4.BB.GarpenbergiteMn6◻AsSbO10(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.MagnéliiteTi3+2Ti4+2O7Tric. 1 : P1
4.BB.JianmuiteZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16Tet. 4 : I4
4.BB.05ChromiteFe2+Cr3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05CochromiteCoCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05CoulsoniteFe2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05CuprospinelCu2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.BB.05Filipstadite(Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2O4Iso.
4.BB.05FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05GahniteZnAl2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05GalaxiteMn2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05HercyniteFe2+Al2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05JacobsiteMn2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05ManganochromiteMn2+Cr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05MagnesiocoulsoniteMgV2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.BB.05MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05MagnesioferriteMgFe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05Nichromite(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05Qandilite(Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05TrevoriteNi2+Fe3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05UlvöspinelTiFe2+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05VuorelaineniteMn2+V3+2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05ZincochromiteZnCr2O4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.BB.05HarmuniteCaFe2O4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
4.BB.05WernerkrauseiteCa(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.05Deltalumite(Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
4.BB.05GuiteCo2+Co3+2O4Iso.
4.BB.10HausmanniteMn2+Mn3+2O4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
4.BB.10HetaeroliteZnMn2O4Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
4.BB.10Manganostibite(Mn,Fe)7SbAsO12Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.15Maghemite(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4Iso. 4 3 2 : P41 3 2
4.BB.15Titanomaghemite(Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4Iso. 4 3 2 : P43 3 2
4.BB.20Tegengrenite(Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4Trig. 3 : R3
4.BB.25XieiteFe2+Cr2O4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.BB.30CarmeltaziteZrAl2Ti4O11Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.35FeiiteFe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.BB.40MaohokiteMgFe2O4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.BB.45Tschaunerite (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Spinel in petrologyHide

Internet Links for SpinelHide

References for SpinelHide

Reference List:
Houde, V., Flemming, R.L., Bouvier, A., Terskikh, V. (2023): Cation ordering in spinel from calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites NWA 2364 and NWA 6991 to quantify temperature in the early Solar System. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 61, 749–766.
Klaproth, M. H. (1797) Untersuchung des Spinells. In Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper Vol. 2. Rottmann, Berlin. p.1-11.
Tilley (1923) Geol. Magazine: 40: 101.
Weigel (1923) Jb. Min., Beil.-Bd.: 48: 274.
Schlossmacher (1930) Zs. Kr.: 72: 468.
Anderson and Payne (1937) Mineralogical Magazine: 24: 547.
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Seventh edition, Volume I: 689-697.
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Danckwerth, P.A. and Newton, R.C. (1978) Experimental determination of the spinel peridotite to garnet peridotite reaction in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 in the range 900–1100°C and Al2O3 isopleths of enstatite in the spinel field. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 66: 189–201.
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Peterson R.C., Lager, G.A., and Hitterman, R.L. (1991) A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction study of MgAl2O4 at temperatures up to 1273 K. American Mineralogist: 76: 1455-1458.
Cynn, H., Sharma, S.K., Cooney, T.F., and Nicol, M. (1992) High-temperature Raman investigation of order-disorder behavior in the MgAl2O4 spinel. Physical Review B: 45: 500-502.
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Gillot, B. (1994) Infrared spectrometric investigation of submicron metastable cation-deficient spinels in relation to order-disorder phenomena and phase transition. Vibrational Spectroscopy: 6: 127-148.
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Suzuki, I., Ohno, I., and Anderson, O.L. (2000) Harmonic and anharmonic properties of spinel MgAl2O4. American Mineralogist: 85: 304-311.
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Giuliani, G., Fallick, A. E., Boyce, A. J., Pardieu, V., Pham, V. L. (2017): Pink and red spinels in marble: trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and sources. Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 743-761.
Pluthametwisute, Teerarat, Bhuwadol Wanthanachaisaeng, Chatree Saiyasombat, and Chakkaphan Sutthirat. (2022) "Minor Elements and Color Causing Role in Spinel: Multi-Analytical Approaches" Minerals 12, no. 8: 928. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12080928
Wu, J., Sun, X., Ma, H., Ning, P., Tang, Na, Ding, T., Li, H., Zhang, T., Ma, Y. (2023): Purple-Violet Gem Spinel from Tanzania and Myanmar: Inclusion, Spectroscopy, Chemistry, and Color. Minerals: 13: 226.
Du, Yang, and Ying Guo. (2023) "Study on the Chromogenic Mechanism of Violet-Red to Orange-Red Spinel" Crystals 13, no. 2: 339. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020339
(2023) Spinel. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Jollands, Michael, Ludlam, Abadie, Palke, Aaron C., Vertriest, Wim, Jin, Shiyun, Cevallos, Pamela, Arden, Sarah, Myagkaya, Elina, D’Haenens-Johannson, Ulrika, Weeramongkhonlert, Vararut, Sun, Ziyin (2023) Color Modification of Spinel by Nickel Diffusion: A New Treatment. Gems & Gemology, 59 (2) 164-181 doi:10.5741/gems.59.2.164
[1]Xu, Qian, Xu, Bo, Gao, Yujie, Li, Siying (2024) Characterization of Red, Pink, Orange, and Purple Gem-Quality Spinel from Four Important Areas. Crystals, 14 (1) doi:10.3390/cryst14010050

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