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Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit (Baijiajuzi Ni-Cu-PGE deposit), Jinchuan District, Jinchang, Gansu, China i
Regional Level Types
Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit (Baijiajuzi Ni-Cu-PGE deposit) Deposit
Jinchuan District District
Jinchang Prefecture-level City
Gansu Province
China Country

Regional Level Types
Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit (Baijiajuzi Ni-Cu-PGE deposit)	Deposit
Jinchuan District	District
Jinchang	Prefecture-level City
Gansu	Province
China	Country

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

38° 28' North , 102° 10' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

G#: wqbdufekx

Type:

Köppen climate type:

BWk : Cold desert climate

Mindat Locality ID:

52166

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:52166:7

GUID (UUID V4):

e0a4f2a6-eff9-458a-8ae0-8075291ff8f5

Name(s) in local language(s):

金川镍铜铂族元素矿 (白家咀子镍铜铂族元素矿), 金川区, 金昌市, 甘肃省, 中国

The Proterozoic Jinchuan intrusion is located at the margin of the Sino-Korean massif. It intruded into late Archean metasedimentary rocks consisting of gneisses, chlorite-quartz schists, banded marbles and migmatites. The intrusion occurs as a NW oriented lens, over 6000 m long, approximately 200–300 m wide and more than 1100 m thick. The primary magma was a high-MgO basalt.

The intrusion chiefly consists of five rock types. In order of decreasing abundance these are lherzolite, dunite, plagioclase lherzolite, olivine websterite and websterite. It is subdivided in an upper layer (consisting of ultramafic cumulate: dunite and olivine-rich lherzolite), a lower layer (consisting of olivine-poor lherzolite, plagioclase lherzolite and websterite) and a marginal layer (consisting of websterite and chlorite-tremolite schists).

The deposit is divided into four segments by E–W to NE–SW trending strike-slip faults. Each of these segments comprises a mine; these are referred to as mines III, I, II and IV, from west to east. Most of the intrusion (mines I and II) is exposed, except for two isolated parts (mines III and IV) that are covered by Quaternary alluvium.

The sulfide ore bodies are situated in the middle and lower regions of the intrusion, with the major orebodies of Mines I and II accounting for more than 90% of the known Ni–Cu reserves in the deposit. Sulfide minerals generally increase in abundance towards the base of the complex. Nickel sulfides are the dominant ores; they are disseminated to net-textured, with sulfide contents ranging from 1-40% by volume. Massive sulfide ore is rare.

World's third largest Ni deposit.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

ⓘ Copper

ⓘ Nickel

ⓘ Platinum-Group Metals

Mineral List

ⓘ Actinolite

ⓘ Altaite

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'

ⓘ Chromite

ⓘ var. Ferrian Chromite

ⓘ 'Chrysolite'

ⓘ Clinochlore

ⓘ var. Pennine

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

ⓘ var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite

ⓘ Geversite

ⓘ Gold

ⓘ var. Electrum

ⓘ var. Palladium-bearing Gold

ⓘ var. Platinum-bearing Gold

ⓘ Hematite

ⓘ Hessite

ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'

ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

ⓘ 'UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt'

ⓘ 'Unnamed (Ag-Pd Telluride Bismuthide)'

ⓘ 'Unnamed (Pd-Bi Chloride)'

ⓘ Valleriite

ⓘ Violarite

ⓘ Zircon

74 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Porter, T. M. (2016). Regional tectonics, geology, magma chamber processes and mineralisation of the Jinchuan nickel-copper-PGE deposit, Gansu Province, China: A review. Geoscience Frontiers, 7(3), 431-451.

ⓘ Altaite

Formula: PbTe

References:

Yang, Xuan-Zhu

Matsueda, Hiroharu

Yui, Shunzo

Vol.XXIII, No.2

Dong, Xian-Yang (1992) : Chemical Compositions and Paragenesis of the Platinum-group Element Minerals in the Jinchuan Sulfide Deposit, Gansu Province, China. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂

References:

ⓘ Andradite

Formula: Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

ⓘ Anorthite

Formula: Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)

References:

Zhongli Tang (1990): Geoscience 4(4), 55-65

ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]

References:

Zhongli Tang (1990): Geoscience 4(4), 55-65

ⓘ Antigorite

Formula: Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

References:

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.

ⓘ Arsenopyrite

Formula: FeAsS

References:

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

References:

Li, Chusi, Xu, Zhanghua, de Waal, Sybrand A., Ripley, Edward M., Maier, Wolfgang D. (2004) Compositional variations of olivine from the Jinchuan Ni–Cu sulfide deposit, western China: implications for ore genesis. Mineralium Deposita, 39 (2) 159-172 doi:10.1007/s00126-003-0389-5

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Minzhi Yang (2006): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 21(1), 1-9

ⓘ Bismuth

Formula: Bi

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Ripley, E.M., Sarkar, A., and Chusi Li (2005): Economic Geology 100(7), 1349-1361

ⓘ Chalcocite

Formula: Cu₂S

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Bilun Luo (1979): Geology and Prospecting 15(3), 11-15

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Xuanzhu Yang, Hiroharu Matsueda, Hiroharu, Shunzo Yui, and Xianyang Dong (1992): Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy, Vol. XXIII, No.2

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Zhenhua Zhao and Handong Qian (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(5), 613-621

Jinjin Jiang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Zhiqiang Fu, Liang Wang, Jianquan Lu, Qixing Ai, and Hui Li (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(5), 941-953

Jiao, J., Han, F., Zhao, L., Duan, J., & Wang, M. (2019). Magnetite Geochemistry of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, NW China: Implication for Its Ore-Forming Processes. Minerals, 9(10), 593.

Kang, J., Chen, L. M., Yu, S. Y., Zheng, W. Q., Dai, Z. H., Zhou, S. H., & Ai, Q. X. (2021). Chromite geochemistry of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu sulfide-bearing ultramafic intrusion (NW China) and its petrogenetic implications. Ore Geology Reviews, 104644.

Wang, Yuhua, Jianqing Lai, Yonghua Cao, Xiancheng Mao, Xianghua Liu, Lu Peng, and Qixing Ai. (2022) "Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis of the Major and Trace Elements and their Evolutionary Characteristics from the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-(PGE) Sulfide Deposit, NW China" Minerals 12, no. 10: 1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12101301

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Ripley, E.M., Sarkar, A., and Chusi Li (2005): Economic Geology 100(7), 1349-1361

Zhenhua Zhao and Handong Qian (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(5), 613-621

ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Barnes, S.J. and Zhong-Li, T. (1999): Economic Geology 94(3), 343-356

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄

References:

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

ⓘ Chromite var. Ferrian Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Cr,Fe³⁺)₂O₄

References:

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.

ⓘ 'Chrysolite'

References:

Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 pp 109-133

ⓘ Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈

References:

Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 pp 109-133

Jinjin Jiang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Zhiqiang Fu, Liang Wang, Jianquan Lu, Qixing Ai, and Hui Li (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(5), 941-953

ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine

Formula: Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈

References:

Jinjin Jiang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Zhiqiang Fu, Liang Wang, Jianquan Lu, Qixing Ai, and Hui Li (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(5), 941-953

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

References:

ⓘ Clinozoisite

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Ripley, E.M., Sarkar, A., and Chusi Li (2005): Economic Geology 100(7), 1349-1361.

ⓘ Cobaltite

Formula: CoAsS

References:

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.

ⓘ Cubanite

Formula: CuFe₂S₃

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Bilun Luo (1979): Geology and Prospecting 15(3), 11-15

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Xuanzhu Yang, Hiroharu Matsueda, Hiroharu, Shunzo Yui, and Xianyang Dong (1992): Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy, Vol. XXIII, No.2

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Zhenhua Zhao and Handong Qian (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(5), 613-621

ⓘ Cummingtonite

Formula: ◻{Mg₂}{Mg₅}(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

References:

Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 pp 109-133

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

ⓘ Djerfisherite

Formula: K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl

References:

Qijia Zang and Keqiao Chen (1985): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 5(1), 1-5

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

References:

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Jinjin Jiang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Zhiqiang Fu, Liang Wang, Jianquan Lu, Qixing Ai, and Hui Li (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(5), 941-953

ⓘ Enstatite

Formula: Mg₂Si₂O₆

References:

Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 pp 109-133

ⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite

Formula: (Mg,Fe²⁺)₂[SiO₃]₂

References:

Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 pp 109-133

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Ripley, E.M., Sarkar, A., and Chusi Li (2005): Economic Geology 100(7), 1349-1361.

ⓘ Fayalite

Formula: Fe²⁺₂SiO₄

References:

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Jinjin Jiang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Zhiqiang Fu, Liang Wang, Jianquan Lu, Qixing Ai, and Hui Li (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(5), 941-953

Jiao, J., Han, F., Zhao, L., Duan, J., & Wang, M. (2019). Magnetite Geochemistry of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, NW China: Implication for Its Ore-Forming Processes. Minerals, 9(10), 593.

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

References:

ⓘ Forsterite

Formula: Mg₂SiO₄

References:

ⓘ Froodite

Formula: α-PdBi₂

References:

Yang, Xuan-Zhu

Matsueda, Hiroharu

Yui, Shunzo

Vol.XXIII, No.2

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

ⓘ 'Garnierite'

References:

Shimpei Kano, Kuoxiong Sun, and Tsuyoshi Kitamura (1988): Bulletin of the Research Institute of Mineral Dressing and Metallurgy, Tohoku University 44(1), 15-30

ⓘ Gersdorffite

Formula: NiAsS

References:

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.

ⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite

Formula: (Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

ⓘ Geversite

Formula: PtSb₂

References:

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

ⓘ Gold

Formula: Au

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Qijia Zang and Keqiao Chen (1985): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 5(1), 1-5

ⓘ Gold var. Electrum

Formula: (Au,Ag)

References:

Qijia Zang and Keqiao Chen (1985): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 5(1), 1-5

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

ⓘ Gold var. Palladium-bearing Gold

Formula: (Au,Pd)

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

ⓘ Gold var. Platinum-bearing Gold

Formula: (Au,Pt)

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Economic Geology 87, 1475-1495 (1992)

ⓘ Hessite

Formula: Ag₂Te

References:

Yang, Xuan-Zhu

Matsueda, Hiroharu

Yui, Shunzo

Vol.XXIII, No.2

ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Z²⁺₄Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂

ⓘ 'Hypersthene'

Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO₃

References:

ⓘ 'Iddingsite'

Formula: MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O

References:

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

ⓘ Irarsite

Formula: (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS

References:

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

ⓘ Kotulskite

Formula: Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x (x ≈ 0.4)

References:

Yang, Xuan-Zhu

Matsueda, Hiroharu

Yui, Shunzo

Vol.XXIII, No.2

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.

ⓘ Laitakarite

Formula: Bi₄(Se,S)₃

References:

Minzhi Yang (2006): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 21(1), 1-9

ⓘ 'Limonite'

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

ⓘ Mackinawite

Formula: FeS

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Xuanzhu Yang, Hiroharu Matsueda, Hiroharu, Shunzo Yui, and Xianyang Dong (1992): Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy, Vol. XXIII, No.2

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Zhenhua Zhao and Handong Qian (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(5), 613-621

ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Magnesite

Formula: MgCO₃

References:

Econ Geol (1992) 87:1475-1495

Marakushev, A.A. (1999): Earth Science Frontiers 1999(1), 618.

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Xuanzhu Yang, Hiroharu Matsueda, Hiroharu, Shunzo Yui, and Xianyang Dong (1992): Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy, Vol. XXIII, No.2

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Ripley, E.M., Sarkar, A., and Chusi Li (2005): Economic Geology 100(7), 1349-1361

Jinjin Jiang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Zhiqiang Fu, Liang Wang, Jianquan Lu, Qixing Ai, and Hui Li (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(5), 941-953

Jiao, J., Han, F., Zhao, L., Duan, J., & Wang, M. (2019). Magnetite Geochemistry of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, NW China: Implication for Its Ore-Forming Processes. Minerals, 9(10), 593.

ⓘ Marcasite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Minzhi Yang (2006): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 21(1), 1-9

ⓘ Maslovite

Formula: PtBiTe

References:

Minzhi Yang (2006): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 21(1), 1-9

ⓘ Maucherite

Formula: Ni₁₁As₈

References:

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.

ⓘ Melonite

Formula: NiTe₂

References:

Econ Geol (1992) 87:1475-1495

Gang Chai, Naldrett, A.J., Rucklidge, J.C., and Kilius, L.R. (1993): Canadian Mineralogist 31, 19-30.

ⓘ Merenskyite

Formula: PdTe₂

References:

Yang, Xuan-Zhu

Matsueda, Hiroharu

Yui, Shunzo

Vol.XXIII, No.2

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128

ⓘ Michenerite

Formula: PdBiTe

References:

Yang, Xuan-Zhu

Matsueda, Hiroharu

Yui, Shunzo

Vol.XXIII, No.2

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128

ⓘ Millerite

Formula: NiS

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128

ⓘ Moncheite

Formula: Pt(Te,Bi)₂

References:

Yang, Xuan-Zhu

Matsueda, Hiroharu

Yui, Shunzo

Vol.XXIII, No.2

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128

ⓘ Nickeline

Formula: NiAs

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128

ⓘ 'Olivine Group'

Formula: M₂SiO₄

References:

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

References:

ⓘ Padmaite

Formula: PdBiSe

References:

ⓘ Pargasite

Formula: NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 pp 109-133

ⓘ Pentlandite

Formula: (Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Bilun Luo (1979): Geology and Prospecting 15(3), 11-15

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Xuanzhu Yang, Hiroharu Matsueda, Hiroharu, Shunzo Yui, and Xianyang Dong (1992): Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy, Vol. XXIII, No.2

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Zhenhua Zhao and Handong Qian (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(5), 613-621

Jinjin Jiang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Zhiqiang Fu, Liang Wang, Jianquan Lu, Qixing Ai, and Hui Li (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(5), 941-953

Jiao, J., Han, F., Zhao, L., Duan, J., & Wang, M. (2019). Magnetite Geochemistry of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, NW China: Implication for Its Ore-Forming Processes. Minerals, 9(10), 593.

ⓘ Phlogopite

Formula: KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 pp 109-133

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Li Xianhua, Su Li, Song Biao, and Liu Dunyi (2004): Chinese Science Bulletin 49(4), 420-422

Jiao, J., Han, F., Zhao, L., Duan, J., & Wang, M. (2019). Magnetite Geochemistry of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, NW China: Implication for Its Ore-Forming Processes. Minerals, 9(10), 593.

ⓘ Platinum

Formula: Pt

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Gang Chai, Naldrett, A.J., Rucklidge, J.C., and Kilius, L.R. (1993): Canadian Mineralogist 31, 19-30

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Zhenhua Zhao and Handong Qian (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(5), 613-621

Jinjin Jiang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Zhiqiang Fu, Liang Wang, Jianquan Lu, Qixing Ai, and Hui Li (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(5), 941-953

Jiao, J., Han, F., Zhao, L., Duan, J., & Wang, M. (2019). Magnetite Geochemistry of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, NW China: Implication for Its Ore-Forming Processes. Minerals, 9(10), 593.

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

References:

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Bilun Luo (1979): Geology and Prospecting 15(3), 11-15

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Xuanzhu Yang, Hiroharu Matsueda, Hiroharu, Shunzo Yui, and Xianyang Dong (1992): Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy, Vol. XXIII, No.2

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Zhenhua Zhao and Handong Qian (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(5), 613-621

Jinjin Jiang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Zhiqiang Fu, Liang Wang, Jianquan Lu, Qixing Ai, and Hui Li (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(5), 941-953

Jiao, J., Han, F., Zhao, L., Duan, J., & Wang, M. (2019). Magnetite Geochemistry of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, NW China: Implication for Its Ore-Forming Processes. Minerals, 9(10), 593.

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

Formula: D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄

References:

ⓘ Silver

Formula: Ag

Description: Platinum-rich

References:

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

ⓘ Silver var. Küstelite

Formula: Ag

Description: Platinum-rich

References:

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

ⓘ Smythite

Formula: (Fe,Ni)_3+xS₄ (x=0-0.3)

References:

Shimpei Kano, Kuoxiong Sun, and Tsuyoshi Kitamura (1988): Bulletin of the Research Institute of Mineral Dressing and Metallurgy, Tohoku University 44(1), 15-30

ⓘ Sperrylite

Formula: PtAs₂

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Bilun Luo (1979): Geology and Prospecting 15(3), 11-15

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Xuanzhu Yang, Hiroharu Matsueda, Hiroharu, Shunzo Yui, and Xianyang Dong (1992): Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy, Vol. XXIII, No.2

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128

ⓘ Spinel

Formula: MgAl₂O₄

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Barnes, S.J. and Zhong-Li, T. (1999): Economic Geology 94(3), 343-356

ⓘ Stibiopalladinite

Formula: Pd₅Sb₂

References:

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28

ⓘ Stibnite

Formula: Sb₂S₃

References:

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

ⓘ Sudburyite

Formula: PdSb

References:

Econ Geol (1992) 87:1475-1495

Gang Chai, Naldrett, A.J., Rucklidge, J.C., and Kilius, L.R. (1993): Canadian Mineralogist 31, 19-30.

ⓘ Talc

Formula: Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

References:

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Econ Geol (1992) 87:1475-1495

Marakushev, A.A. (1999): Earth Science Frontiers 1999(1), 618

Zhenhua Zhao and Handong Qian (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(5), 613-621

ⓘ Tellurium

Formula: Te

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

ⓘ Tellurobismuthite

Formula: Bi₂Te₃

References:

Minzhi Yang (2006): Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research 21(1), 1-9

ⓘ Tenorite

Formula: CuO

References:

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

References:

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

References:

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128

Zhenhua Zhao and Handong Qian (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(5), 613-621

Jinjin Jiang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Zhiqiang Fu, Liang Wang, Jianquan Lu, Qixing Ai, and Hui Li (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(5), 941-953

ⓘ Troilite

Formula: FeS

References:

Shimpei Kano, Kuoxiong Sun, and Tsuyoshi Kitamura (1988): Bulletin of the Research Institute of Mineral Dressing and Metallurgy, Tohoku University 44(1), 15-30

ⓘ Tschermakite

Formula: ◻(Ca₂)(Mg₃Al₂)(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ 'UM1989-25-S:FeNi'

Formula: Fe(Ni,Co)S₂

References:

Lu, J., Wang, N., Schmidt, S. (1989): Ore minerals: An experimental approach and new observations. IV. Nickel containing sulfides and related experimentation. Natural occurrences of Mss in the Fe-Ni-S ternarv svstem. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Abh.: 160: 46-50 (and 63-69 for references)

in: Jambor, J.L., Puziewicz, J. (1990): New mineral Names. American Mineralogist: 75: 434

ⓘ 'UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt'

Formula: Ag_0.40Pd_0.37Ni_0.11Cu_0.05Pt_0.04Fe_0.03(Te_0.87Bi_0.13)

References:

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Genesis of the Jinchuan PGE deposit, China: evidence from fluid inclusions, mineralogy and geochemistry of precious elements. Mineral. Petrol.: 86(1-2): 109-128

ⓘ 'Unnamed (Ag-Pd Telluride Bismuthide)'

Formula: (Ag,Pd)(Te,Bi)

References:

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.

ⓘ 'Unnamed (Pd-Bi Chloride)'

Formula: (Pd,Pt)_x(Bi,Te)_yCl

References:

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.

ⓘ Valleriite

Formula: (Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Kano Shimpei, Kitamura Tsuyoshi, Kitakaze Arashi, and Sun Kuoxiong (1990): Bulletin of the Research Institute of Mineral Dressing and Metallurgy, Tohoku University, 45(2), 99-104

Xuanzhu Yang, Hiroharu Matsueda, Hiroharu, Shunzo Yui, and Xianyang Dong (1992): Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and Mineralogy, Vol. XXIII, No.2

ⓘ Violarite

Formula: Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄

References:

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47

Enhuan Jia (1986): Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38

Nuxia Song (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 36-39

Economic Geology (1992) 87, 1475-1495

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38

Zhenhua Zhao and Handong Qian (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(5), 613-621

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

Gallery:

(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈ⓘ Pentlandite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Gold var. Electrum	1.AA.05	(Au,Ag)
ⓘ	var. Platinum-bearing Gold	1.AA.05	(Au,Pt)
ⓘ		1.AA.05	Au
ⓘ	Silver var. Küstelite	1.AA.05	Ag
ⓘ		1.AA.05	Ag
ⓘ	Gold var. Palladium-bearing Gold	1.AA.05	(Au,Pd)
ⓘ	Platinum	1.AF.10	Pt
ⓘ	Bismuth	1.CA.05	Bi
ⓘ	Tellurium	1.CC.10	Te
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Maucherite	2.AB.15	Ni₁₁As₈
ⓘ	Stibiopalladinite	2.AC.20a	Pd₅Sb₂
ⓘ	Froodite	2.AC.45a	α-PdBi₂
ⓘ	Chalcocite	2.BA.05	Cu₂S
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Hessite	2.BA.60	Ag₂Te
ⓘ	Pentlandite	2.BB.15	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Cubanite	2.CB.55a	CuFe₂S₃
ⓘ	Nickeline	2.CC.05	NiAs
ⓘ	Kotulskite	2.CC.05	Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x (x ≈ 0.4)
ⓘ	Sudburyite	2.CC.05	PdSb
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Smythite	2.CC.10	(Fe,Ni)_3+xS₄ (x=0-0.3)
ⓘ	Troilite	2.CC.10	FeS
ⓘ	Millerite	2.CC.20	NiS
ⓘ	Mackinawite	2.CC.25	FeS
ⓘ	Altaite	2.CD.10	PbTe
ⓘ	Violarite	2.DA.05	Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄
ⓘ	Stibnite	2.DB.05	Sb₂S₃
ⓘ	Laitakarite	2.DC.05	Bi₄(Se,S)₃
ⓘ	Tellurobismuthite	2.DC.05	Bi₂Te₃
ⓘ	Merenskyite	2.EA.20	PdTe₂
ⓘ	Melonite	2.EA.20	NiTe₂
ⓘ	Moncheite	2.EA.20	Pt(Te,Bi)₂
ⓘ	Geversite	2.EB.05a	PtSb₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Sperrylite	2.EB.05a	PtAs₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Arsenopyrite	2.EB.20	FeAsS
ⓘ	Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite	2.EB.25	(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
ⓘ	Padmaite	2.EB.25	PdBiSe
ⓘ	Irarsite	2.EB.25	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
ⓘ	Michenerite	2.EB.25	PdBiTe
ⓘ	Gersdorffite	2.EB.25	NiAsS
ⓘ	Cobaltite	2.EB.25	CoAsS
ⓘ	Maslovite	2.EB.25	PtBiTe
ⓘ	Djerfisherite	2.FC.05	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
ⓘ	Valleriite	2.FD.30	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Tenorite	4.AB.10	CuO
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Spinel	4.BB.05	MgAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Chromite var. Ferrian Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Cr,Fe³⁺)₂O₄
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Magnesite	5.AB.05	MgCO₃
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Fayalite	9.AC.05	Fe²⁺₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Forsterite	9.AC.05	Mg₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Andradite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Clinozoisite	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Enstatite var. Bronzite	9.DA.05	(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂[SiO₃]₂
ⓘ		9.DA.05	Mg₂Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Cummingtonite	9.DE.05	◻{Mg₂}{Mg₅}(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Tremolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Tschermakite	9.DE.10	◻(Ca₂)(Mg₃Al₂)(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Actinolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Magnesio-hornblende	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Pargasite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Talc	9.EC.05	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Phlogopite	9.EC.20	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	var. Pennine	9.EC.55	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	Antigorite	9.ED.15	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
ⓘ	Anorthite	9.FA.35	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
ⓘ	var. Labradorite	9.FA.35	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Serpentine Subgroup'	-	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
ⓘ	'Unnamed (Ag-Pd Telluride Bismuthide)'	-	(Ag,Pd)(Te,Bi)
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ	'Olivine Group'	-	M₂SiO₄
ⓘ	'Garnierite'	-
ⓘ	'Unnamed (Pd-Bi Chloride)'	-	(Pd,Pt)_x(Bi,Te)_yCl
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
ⓘ	'UM1989-25-S:FeNi'	-	Fe(Ni,Co)S₂
ⓘ	'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'	-
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'Chrysolite'	-
ⓘ	'Hornblende Root Name Group'	-	◻Ca₂(Z²⁺₄Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Iddingsite'	-	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Hypersthene'	-	(Mg,Fe)SiO₃
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt'	-	Ag_0.40Pd_0.37Ni_0.11Cu_0.05Pt_0.04Fe_0.03(Te_0.87Bi_0.13)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
H	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Cummingtonite	◻{Mg₂}{Mg₅}(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Tschermakite	◻(Ca₂)(Mg₃Al₂)(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
H	ⓘ Iddingsite	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
H	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
O	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
O	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Cummingtonite	◻{Mg₂}{Mg₅}(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺SiO₄
O	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Hypersthene	(Mg,Fe)SiO₃
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
O	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Tschermakite	◻(Ca₂)(Mg₃Al₂)(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂[SiO₃]₂
O	ⓘ Iddingsite	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
O	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Chromite var. Ferrian Chromite	Fe²⁺(Cr,Fe³⁺)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Cummingtonite	◻{Mg₂}{Mg₅}(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
Mg	ⓘ Hypersthene	(Mg,Fe)SiO₃
Mg	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
Mg	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Mg	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Tschermakite	◻(Ca₂)(Mg₃Al₂)(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Mg	ⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂[SiO₃]₂
Mg	ⓘ Iddingsite	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Al	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Tschermakite	◻(Ca₂)(Mg₃Al₂)(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Al	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Si	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Si	ⓘ Antigorite	Mg₃(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Cummingtonite	◻{Mg₂}{Mg₅}(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Forsterite	Mg₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Hypersthene	(Mg,Fe)SiO₃
Si	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Tschermakite	◻(Ca₂)(Mg₃Al₂)(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂[SiO₃]₂
Si	ⓘ Iddingsite	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
Si	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pennine	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Olivine Group	M₂SiO₄
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
S	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
S	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
S	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
S	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
S	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
S	ⓘ Laitakarite	Bi₄(Se,S)₃
S	ⓘ Mackinawite	FeS
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
S	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Smythite	(Fe,Ni)_3+xS₄ (x=0-0.3)
S	ⓘ Stibnite	Sb₂S₃
S	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
S	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
S	ⓘ Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
S	ⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite	(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
S	ⓘ UM1989-25-S:FeNi	Fe(Ni,Co)S₂
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Cl	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Cl	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Cl	ⓘ Unnamed (Pd-Bi Chloride)	(Pd,Pt)_x(Bi,Te)_yCl
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
K	ⓘ Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende	◻Ca₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Tschermakite	◻(Ca₂)(Mg₃Al₂)(Al₂Si₆O₂₂)(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group	◻Ca₂(Z₄²⁺Z³⁺)(AlSi₇O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl)₂
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Cr	ⓘ Chromite var. Ferrian Chromite	Fe²⁺(Cr,Fe³⁺)₂O₄
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Fe	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite	Fe₂²⁺SiO₄
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Hypersthene	(Mg,Fe)SiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Mackinawite	FeS
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Smythite	(Fe,Ni)_3+xS₄ (x=0-0.3)
Fe	ⓘ Troilite	FeS
Fe	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Fe	ⓘ Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
Fe	ⓘ Enstatite var. Bronzite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂[SiO₃]₂
Fe	ⓘ Iddingsite	MgO · Fe₂O₃ · 3SiO₂ · 4H₂O
Fe	ⓘ Chromite var. Ferrian Chromite	Fe²⁺(Cr,Fe³⁺)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ UM1989-25-S:FeNi	Fe(Ni,Co)S₂
Fe	ⓘ UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt	Ag_0.40Pd_0.37Ni_0.11Cu_0.05Pt_0.04Fe_0.03(Te_0.87Bi_0.13)
Co	Cobalt
Co	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
Co	ⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite	(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
Co	ⓘ UM1989-25-S:FeNi	Fe(Ni,Co)S₂
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Ni	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
Ni	ⓘ Maucherite	Ni₁₁As₈
Ni	ⓘ Melonite	NiTe₂
Ni	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
Ni	ⓘ Nickeline	NiAs
Ni	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Ni	ⓘ Smythite	(Fe,Ni)_3+xS₄ (x=0-0.3)
Ni	ⓘ Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
Ni	ⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite	(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
Ni	ⓘ UM1989-25-S:FeNi	Fe(Ni,Co)S₂
Ni	ⓘ UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt	Ag_0.40Pd_0.37Ni_0.11Cu_0.05Pt_0.04Fe_0.03(Te_0.87Bi_0.13)
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
Cu	ⓘ Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃
Cu	ⓘ Djerfisherite	K₆(Fe,Cu,Ni)₂₅S₂₆Cl
Cu	ⓘ Tenorite	CuO
Cu	ⓘ Valleriite	(Fe²⁺,Cu)₄(Mg,Al)₃S₄(OH,O)₆
Cu	ⓘ UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt	Ag_0.40Pd_0.37Ni_0.11Cu_0.05Pt_0.04Fe_0.03(Te_0.87Bi_0.13)
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
As	ⓘ Cobaltite	CoAsS
As	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
As	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
As	ⓘ Maucherite	Ni₁₁As₈
As	ⓘ Nickeline	NiAs
As	ⓘ Sperrylite	PtAs₂
As	ⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite	(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
Se	Selenium
Se	ⓘ Laitakarite	Bi₄(Se,S)₃
Se	ⓘ Padmaite	PdBiSe
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Ru	Ruthenium
Ru	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Ru	ⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite	(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
Rh	Rhodium
Rh	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Rh	ⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite	(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
Pd	Palladium
Pd	ⓘ Froodite	α-PdBi₂
Pd	ⓘ Kotulskite	Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x (x ≈ 0.4)
Pd	ⓘ Merenskyite	PdTe₂
Pd	ⓘ Michenerite	PdBiTe
Pd	ⓘ Padmaite	PdBiSe
Pd	ⓘ Stibiopalladinite	Pd₅Sb₂
Pd	ⓘ Sudburyite	PdSb
Pd	ⓘ Gold var. Palladium-bearing Gold	(Au,Pd)
Pd	ⓘ Unnamed (Ag-Pd Telluride Bismuthide)	(Ag,Pd)(Te,Bi)
Pd	ⓘ Unnamed (Pd-Bi Chloride)	(Pd,Pt)_x(Bi,Te)_yCl
Pd	ⓘ UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt	Ag_0.40Pd_0.37Ni_0.11Cu_0.05Pt_0.04Fe_0.03(Te_0.87Bi_0.13)
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Ag	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Ag	ⓘ Silver	Ag
Ag	ⓘ Silver var. Küstelite	Ag
Ag	ⓘ Unnamed (Ag-Pd Telluride Bismuthide)	(Ag,Pd)(Te,Bi)
Ag	ⓘ UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt	Ag_0.40Pd_0.37Ni_0.11Cu_0.05Pt_0.04Fe_0.03(Te_0.87Bi_0.13)
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Geversite	PtSb₂
Sb	ⓘ Stibiopalladinite	Pd₅Sb₂
Sb	ⓘ Stibnite	Sb₂S₃
Sb	ⓘ Sudburyite	PdSb
Te	Tellurium
Te	ⓘ Altaite	PbTe
Te	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Te	ⓘ Kotulskite	Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x (x ≈ 0.4)
Te	ⓘ Maslovite	PtBiTe
Te	ⓘ Melonite	NiTe₂
Te	ⓘ Merenskyite	PdTe₂
Te	ⓘ Michenerite	PdBiTe
Te	ⓘ Moncheite	Pt(Te,Bi)₂
Te	ⓘ Tellurium	Te
Te	ⓘ Tellurobismuthite	Bi₂Te₃
Te	ⓘ Unnamed (Ag-Pd Telluride Bismuthide)	(Ag,Pd)(Te,Bi)
Te	ⓘ Unnamed (Pd-Bi Chloride)	(Pd,Pt)_x(Bi,Te)_yCl
Te	ⓘ UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt	Ag_0.40Pd_0.37Ni_0.11Cu_0.05Pt_0.04Fe_0.03(Te_0.87Bi_0.13)
Os	Osmium
Os	ⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite	(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
Ir	Iridium
Ir	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Ir	ⓘ Gersdorffite var. Cobalt-bearing Gersdorffite	(Ni,Co)AsS with Os,Ir,Ru,Rh
Pt	Platinum
Pt	ⓘ Geversite	PtSb₂
Pt	ⓘ Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
Pt	ⓘ Maslovite	PtBiTe
Pt	ⓘ Moncheite	Pt(Te,Bi)₂
Pt	ⓘ Platinum	Pt
Pt	ⓘ Sperrylite	PtAs₂
Pt	ⓘ Unnamed (Pd-Bi Chloride)	(Pd,Pt)_x(Bi,Te)_yCl
Pt	ⓘ Gold var. Platinum-bearing Gold	(Au,Pt)
Pt	ⓘ UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt	Ag_0.40Pd_0.37Ni_0.11Cu_0.05Pt_0.04Fe_0.03(Te_0.87Bi_0.13)
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Au	ⓘ Gold	Au
Au	ⓘ Gold var. Palladium-bearing Gold	(Au,Pd)
Au	ⓘ Gold var. Platinum-bearing Gold	(Au,Pt)
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Altaite	PbTe
Bi	Bismuth
Bi	ⓘ Bismuth	Bi
Bi	ⓘ Froodite	α-PdBi₂
Bi	ⓘ Kotulskite	Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x (x ≈ 0.4)
Bi	ⓘ Laitakarite	Bi₄(Se,S)₃
Bi	ⓘ Maslovite	PtBiTe
Bi	ⓘ Michenerite	PdBiTe
Bi	ⓘ Moncheite	Pt(Te,Bi)₂
Bi	ⓘ Padmaite	PdBiSe
Bi	ⓘ Tellurobismuthite	Bi₂Te₃
Bi	ⓘ Unnamed (Ag-Pd Telluride Bismuthide)	(Ag,Pd)(Te,Bi)
Bi	ⓘ Unnamed (Pd-Bi Chloride)	(Pd,Pt)_x(Bi,Te)_yCl
Bi	ⓘ UM2006-33-Te:AgBiNiPdPt	Ag_0.40Pd_0.37Ni_0.11Cu_0.05Pt_0.04Fe_0.03(Te_0.87Bi_0.13)

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Neoproterozoic : 833.2 ± 1.8 Ma to 826.3 ± 2.1 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

ⓘ Zircon (youngest age)	826.3 ± 2.1 Ma
ⓘ Zircon (oldest age)	833.2 ± 1.8 Ma

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent

China

North China OrogenOrogen

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

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References

Ruiqi Wang (1977): Occurrence of mackinawite and valleriite in a Cu-Ni sulfide deposit. Geology and Prospecting 13(4), 45-47 (in Chinese).

Bilun Luo (1979): Classification of PGE deposit types and their prospecting directions. Geology and Prospecting 15(3), 11-15 (in Chinese).

Qijia Zang and Keqiao Chen (1985): Djerfisherite discovered for the first time in China. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 5(1), 1-5.

Enhuan Jia (1986): Geological characteristics of the Jinchuan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in Gansu Province. Mineral Deposits 5(1), 27-38 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Shimpei Kano, Kuoxiong Sun, and Tsuyoshi Kitamura (1988): Constituent Minerals and Textures of Nickel-Copper Sulfide Ores from the Jinchuan Deposit, China. Bulletin of the Research Institute of Mineral Dressing and Metallurgy, Tohoku University 44(1), 15-30 (in Japanese with English abstract).

Zhongli Tang (1990): Minerogenetic model of the Jinchuan copper and nickel sulfide deposit. Geoscience 4(4), 55-65 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Shimpei Kano, Tsuyoshi Kitamura, Arashi Kitakaze, and Kuoxiong Sun (1990): Valleriite, a Hybrid Layer Structure Mineral, from the Jinchuan Deposit, China. Bulletin of the Research Institute of Mineral Dressing and Metallurgy, Tohoku University, 45(2), 99-104.

Xuanzhu Yang, Hiroharu Matsueda, Shunzo Yui, and Xianyang Dong (1992): Chemical Compositions and Paragenesis of the Platinum-group Element Minerals in the Jinchuan Sulfide Deposit, Gansu Province, China. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy, Vol. XXIII, No.2.

Economic Geology 87, 1475-1495 (1992).

Gang Chai, Naldrett, A.J., Rucklidge, J.C., and Kilius, L.R. (1993): In situ quantitative analyses for PGE and Au in sulfide minerals of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu deposit by accelerator mass spectrometry. Canadian Mineralogist 31, 19-30.

Guo, W.W. and Dentith, M.C. (1997): Geophysical signature of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit, Gansu Province, China. Exploration and Mining Geology 6(3), 223-231.

Marakushev, A.A. (1999): Petrological models of chromite, platinum and sulfide ore formations. Earth Science Frontiers 1999(1), 618.

Barnes, S.J. and Zhong-Li, T. (1999): Chrome spinels from the Jinchuan Ni-Cu sulfide deposit, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China. Economic Geology 94(3), 343-356.

Wenfeng Zhu and Youbin Liang (2000): Occurrence state and distribution of platinum group elements in the Jinchuan Cu-Ni sulphide deposit. Geology and Prospecting 36(1), 26-28.

Minwu Liu and Ying He (2003): A study of deep segregation and ore-forming process of Jinchuan nickel-copper sulfide deposit. Mineral Deposits 22(3), 301-308 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Rongfu Jiang (2003): Discussion on exploration orientation in the depth of Jinchuan mining area. Geology and Prospecting 39(5), 35-38.

Li Xianhua, Su Li, Song Biao, and Liu Dunyi (2004): SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of the Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion and its geological significance. Chinese Science Bulletin 49(4), 420-422.

Naldrett, A.J. (2004): Magmatic Sulfide Deposits. Springer (Berlin, Heidelberg, New York), 740 pp.

Ripley, E.M., Sarkar, A., and Chusi Li (2005): Mineralogic and Stable Isotope Studies of Hydrothermal Alteration at the Jinchuan Ni-Cu Deposit, China. Economic Geology 100(7), 1349-1361.

Yang, X.-Z., Ishihara, S., and Zhao, D.-H. (2006): Genesis of the Jinchuan PGE deposit, China: evidence from fluid inclusions, mineralogy and geochemistry of precious elements. Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1/2), 109-128.

Linsu Lü, Jingwen Mao, Jun Liu, Gang Chen, Zuoheng Zhang, Guiqing Xie, and Ruiting Wang (2007): Geological characteristics, geochronology and tectonic settings of Neoproterozoic magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide deposits in China. Mineral Deposits 26(4), 397-416 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhenhua Zhao and Handong Qian (2008): Geochemical REE study of two kinds of ores in Jinchuan copper-nickel sulfide deposit. Mineral Deposits 27(5), 613-621 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Jinjin Jiang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Zhiqiang Fu, Liang Wang, Jianquan Lu, Qixing Ai, and Hui Li (2013): Siderophile and chalcophile element geochemistry of no. 58 orebody in Jinchuan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit and its geological significance. Mineral Deposits 32(5), 941-953 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Liang Wang, Liemeng Chen, Xieyan Song, Jinjin Jiang, Zhiqiang Fu, Yushan Wang, and Xiaoping Pan (2014): Geochemical characteristics of platinum group and chalcophile elements in No. 2 orebody of Jinchuan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit. Mineral Deposits 33(4), 727-741 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Mao, Xiancheng, Longjiao Li, Zhankun Liu, Renyu Zeng, Jeffrey M. Dick, Bin Yue, and Qixing Ai. (2019) "Multiple Magma Conduits Model of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-(PGE) Deposit, Northwestern China: Constraints from the Geochemistry of Platinum-Group Elements" Minerals 9, no. 3: 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9030187

Jiao, J., Han, F., Zhao, L., Duan, J., & Wang, M. (2019). Magnetite Geochemistry of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit, NW China: Implication for Its Ore-Forming Processes. Minerals, 9(10), 593.

Zhang, J.; Zeng, Z.; Zhao, X.; Li, J.; Zhou, Y.; Gong, M. (2020) Deep Mineral Exploration of the Jinchuan Cu–Ni Sulfide Deposit Based on Aeromagnetic, Gravity, and CSAMT Methods. Minerals 10, 168.

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