Mrima Hill Mine, Kwale County, Kenyai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Mrima Hill Mine | Mine |
| Kwale County | County |
| Kenya | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
4° 29' 9'' South , 39° 15' 10'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
KΓΆppen climate type:
Mindat Locality ID:
25928
Long-form identifier:
1:2:25928:3
GUID (UUID V4):
89c1e5c1-7b59-4468-bf70-839e4577fa14
Carbonatite studied and mined as a niobium-thorium deposit.
Reserves in the top 6 m of soil at Mrima are estimated to be 30 million tons containing 0.72% NbβOβ (Coetzee & Edwards 1960). Manganese deposits have been described by Baker (Caswell & Baker 1953). There are 6 million tons of residuals containing up to 0.5% REE (G. Hayward pers. comm. 1999).
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
36 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| β Aegirine-augite Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β 'Amphibole Supergroup' Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
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| β Anatase Formula: TiO2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
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| β 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
|
| β Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
|
| β Augite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
|
| β 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β Brookite Formula: TiO2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
|
| β Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β 'Chlorite Group' Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β 'Feldspar Group' Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β 'Florencite' Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
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| β Florencite-(Ce) Formula: CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 Reference: Liferovich, R.P., Subbotin, V.V., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Lyalina, M.F. (1998) A new type of scandium mineralization in phoscorites and carbonatites of the Kovdor Massif, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 971-980. |
| β Fluorite Formula: CaF2 Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β Galena Formula: PbS Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β 'Glass' Reference: Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β Goethite Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β Gorceixite Formula: BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β Goyazite Formula: SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
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| β Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β 'Hornblende' Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β Kolbeckite Formula: ScPO4 · 2H2O Reference: Liferovich, R.P., Subbotin, V.V., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Lyalina, M.F. (1998) A new type of scandium mineralization in phoscorites and carbonatites of the Kovdor Massif, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 971-980. |
| β 'Limonite' Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β Marcasite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β 'Melilite Group' Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7) Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
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| β Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β 'Monazite' Formula: REE(PO4) Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
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| β Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β Perovskite Formula: CaTiO3 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
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| β Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
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| β Pigeonite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
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| β 'Psilomelane' Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
|
| β Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β 'Pyrochlore Group' Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605
Harris, P. M. (1965) Pandaite [= bariopyrochlore] from the Mrima Hill niobium deposit (Kenya). Mineralogical Magazine 35:270, 277-290 |
| β 'Pyrochlore Group var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore Group' Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z Reference: Harris, P.M. (1965) Pandaite [= bariopyrochlore] from the Mrima Hill niobium deposit (Kenya). Mineralogical Magazine 35:270, 277-290.
|
| β Pyrolusite Formula: Mn4+O2 Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 Reference: Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
|
| β 'Rhombohedral Carbonate' Formula: (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 Reference: Coetzee, G. L., & Edwards, C. B. (1959). The Mrima Hill carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62(1), 373-397.
Dindi, E. W., & Swain, C. J. (1988). Joint three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic data from Jombo Hill alkaline complex, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 493-504. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0493
Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 138.
Caswell, P. V., & Baker, B. H. (1953). Geology of the Mombasa-Kwale Area Report No. 24. Nairobi, Geological Survey of Kenya.
Rock, N. M. S. (1976). The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56(2), 205-228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 |
| β Rutile Formula: TiO2 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
|
| β 'Scapolite' Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
|
| β Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β Spinel Formula: MgAl2O4 Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
|
| β Tremolite ? Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 Reference: Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397. |
| β Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
|
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| β | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| β | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
| β | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| β | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| β | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| β | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| β | Anatase | 4.DD.05 | TiO2 |
| β | Brookite | 4.DD.10 | TiO2 |
| β | Goethite | 4.00. | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| β | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| β | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| β | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| β | Perovskite | 4.CC.30 | CaTiO3 |
| β | 'Pyrochlore Group' | 4.00. | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| β | 'var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore Group' | 4.00. | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| β | Pyrolusite | 4.DB.05 | Mn4+O2 |
| β | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| β | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| β | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| β | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| β | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| β | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| β | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| β | Florencite-(Ce) | 8.BL.13 | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| β | Gorceixite | 8.BL.10 | BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| β | Goyazite | 8.BL.10 | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| β | Kolbeckite | 8.CD.05 | ScPO4 Β· 2H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| β | Aegirine-augite | 9.DA.20 | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
| β | Augite | 9.DA.15 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| β | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| β | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| β | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| β | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| β | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| β | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| β | Pigeonite | 9.DA.10 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| β | Tremolite ? | 9.DE.10 | β»Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| β | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| β | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| β | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| β | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| β | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| β | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| β | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| β | 'Florencite' | - | |
| β | 'Glass' | - | |
| β | 'Hornblende' | - | |
| β | 'Limonite' | - | |
| β | 'Melilite Group' | - | Ca2M(XSiO7) |
| β | 'Monazite' | - | REE(PO4) |
| β | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| β | 'Psilomelane' | - | |
| β | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
| β | 'Rhombohedral Carbonate' | - | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| β | 'Scapolite' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | β Gorceixite | BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| H | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | β Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| H | β Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| H | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| H | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | β Florencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | β Kolbeckite | ScPO4 · 2H2O |
| H | β Pyrochlore Group var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| H | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| H | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | β Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | β Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | β Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| O | β Gorceixite | BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| O | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | β Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | β Anatase | TiO2 |
| O | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | β Brookite | TiO2 |
| O | β Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| O | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | β Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| O | β Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| O | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| O | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | β Melilite Group | Ca2M(XSiO7) |
| O | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| O | β Florencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | β Kolbeckite | ScPO4 · 2H2O |
| O | β Pyrochlore Group var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| O | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| O | β Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | β Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| O | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | β Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | β Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | β Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| O | β Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| O | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| F | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| F | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| F | β Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | β Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Na | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Mg | β Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | β Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Mg | β Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | β Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| Mg | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | β Gorceixite | BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Al | β Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Al | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Al | β Florencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| Al | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Al | β Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Al | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Al | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | β Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | β Melilite Group | Ca2M(XSiO7) |
| Si | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | β Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Si | β Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | β Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Si | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | β Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| Si | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | β Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| P | β Gorceixite | BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| P | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| P | β Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| P | β Florencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| P | β Kolbeckite | ScPO4 · 2H2O |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | β Galena | PbS |
| S | β Marcasite | FeS2 |
| S | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | β Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Cl | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| K | β Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | β Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | β Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| Ca | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | β Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | β Melilite Group | Ca2M(XSiO7) |
| Ca | β Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | β Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | β Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Ca | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | β Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | β Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | β Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| Ca | β Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Sc | Scandium | |
| Sc | β Kolbeckite | ScPO4 · 2H2O |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | β Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | β Anatase | TiO2 |
| Ti | β Brookite | TiO2 |
| Ti | β Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| Ti | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Ti | β Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | β Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| Mn | β Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | β Marcasite | FeS2 |
| Fe | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | β Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | β Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | β Aegirine-augite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Fe | β Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | β Goethite | Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | β Rhombohedral Carbonate | (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | β Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | β Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | β Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| Nb | β Pyrochlore Group var. Zero valent dominant member of Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | β Gorceixite | BaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Ba | β Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | β Florencite-(Ce) | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | β Galena | PbS |
References
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Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Coetzee, G.L., Edwards, C.B. (1959) The Mrima Hill Carbonatite, Coast Province, Kenya. South African Journal of Geology, 62:1, 373-397.
Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., Orris, G.J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1139, 17 pages.
Harris, P.M. (1965) Pandaite [= bariopyrochlore] from the Mrima Hill niobium deposit (Kenya). Mineralogical Magazine: 35:270, 277-290.
Liferovich, R.P., Subbotin, V.V., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Lyalina, M.F. (1998) A new type of scandium mineralization in phoscorites and carbonatites of the Kovdor Massif, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 971-980.
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