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Perovskite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Douglas Merson
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About PerovskiteHide

09212390014946361253814.jpg
Count Lev Aleksevich von Perovski
Formula:
CaTiO3
Colour:
Dark brown, black, red-brown, yellow shades
Lustre:
Adamantine, Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
Specific Gravity:
3.98 - 4.26
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by Gustav Rose in 1839 in honor of Count Lev Alekseevich Perovski (1792-1856), then in the Ministry of Regions, of St. Petersburg, Russia. Perovskii rose to vice-president of the Appanage Department in 1852-1856. During his tenure in the Appanage Department, Perovski "contributed to the development of mining industry in Russia, inspected supplies and working of lapidary work; many new deposits started to be mined by his initiative." Perovski was also an influential mineral collector. (Schmidt, 2011).
Isostructural with:
The Ti analogue of lakargiite and megawite. The Ca analogue of barioperovskite and geikielite; not analogous to tausonite (different structure).

The crystal structure is parent to many important synthetic compounds. The general formula is ABX3, in which [12]A = larger atoms (cubooctahedral coordination), [6]B = smaller atoms (e.g., Wenk & Bulakh, 2004). The coordination may be disordered from ideal one. The orthorhombic nature of the structure was determined in the work of Kay & Bailey (1957).

Natural Ca-Al perovskite-like phase may be present within Ca-Al inclusions in moissanite (see Unnamed (Ca-Al-(Si) oxide I)).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3166
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3166:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
2f2a3f47-db26-4abc-8a62-cac0998b0627

IMA Classification of PerovskiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of PerovskiteHide

4.CC.30

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
4.3.3.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
7.9.6

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
PrvIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
PrvKretz (1983)Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
PrvSiivolam & Schmid (2007)Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
PrvWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
PrvThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of PerovskiteHide

Adamantine, Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Dark brown, black, red-brown, yellow shades
Streak:
Colourless, greyish white
Hardness:
5½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
On {001}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.98 - 4.26 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.02 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Calculated on synthetic material.

Optical Data of PerovskiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.300 nβ = 2.340 nγ = 2.380
2V:
Measured: 90° , Calculated: 88°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.080
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r > v
Optical Extinction:
Parallel. X = a; Y = c; Z = b.
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR
400nm19.2%
420nm18.8%
440nm18.4%
460nm18.0%
480nm17.6%
500nm17.3%
520nm17.0%
540nm16.8%
560nm16.6%
580nm16.4%
600nm16.2%
620nm16.1%
640nm16.0%
660nm16.0%
680nm15.9%
700nm15.9%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 19.2%.
Colour in reflected light:
Dark bluish grey
Internal Reflections:
Brown
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Z > X.

Chemistry of PerovskiteHide

Mindat Formula:
CaTiO3
Common Impurities:
Fe,Nb,Ce,La,TR

Age distributionHide

Recorded ages:
Phanerozoic : 300.4 ± 0.7 Ma to 13.0 Ma - based on 7 recorded ages.

Chemical AnalysisHide

Empirical formulas:
Sample IDEmpirical Formula
1Ca1.01(Ti0.98,Fe0.01,Al0.01,Zr0.01)1.01 O3
Sample references:
IDLocalityReferenceNotes
1Gabbro Quarry, Radau valley, Bad Harzburg, Goslar District, Lower Saxony, GermanyPolished grain mount. Fully calibrated quantitative analysis.

Crystallography of PerovskiteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.447(1) Å, b = 7.654(1) Å, c = 5.388(1) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.712 : 1 : 0.704
Unit Cell V:
224.63 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals usually cubic, highly modified at times, but the planes are often irregularly distributed. Cubic faces striated parallel to [001] and apparently penetrations twins (as if of pyritohedral individuals; also striated parallel to [110]. {001} less developed with {113} and {449} prominent. Also cubooctahedra or octahedra (esp. Ce and Nb varieties). Rarely reniform masses exhibiting small cubes on the surface, or massive granular.
Twinning:
On {111}: 1. penetration twins (esp. Ce or Nb varieties); 2. complex lamellar twinning. About [101] and rarely [121]

Crystallographic forms of PerovskiteHide

Crystal Atlas:
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Perovskite no.3 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Perovskite no.10 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0002890PerovskiteYamanaka T, Hirai M, Komatsu Y (2002) Structure change of Ca1-xSrxTiO3 perovskite with composition and pressure American Mineralogist 87 1183-118920020293
0002891PerovskiteYamanaka T, Hirai M, Komatsu Y (2002) Structure change of Ca1-xSrxTiO3 perovskite with composition and pressure American Mineralogist 87 1183-118920020293
0002892PerovskiteYamanaka T, Hirai M, Komatsu Y (2002) Structure change of Ca1-xSrxTiO3 perovskite with composition and pressure American Mineralogist 87 1183-118920020293
0005501PerovskiteBeran A, Libowitzky E (1996) A single-crystal infrared spectroscopic and X-ray-diffraction study of untwinned San Benito perovskite containing OH groups The Canadian Mineralogist 34 803-80919960293
0006288PerovskiteKnight K S (2009) Parameterization of the crystal structures of centerosymmetric zone-boundary-tilted perovskites: An analysis in terms of symmetry-adapted basis-vectors of the cubic aristotype phase The Canadian Mineralogist 47 381-40020090293
0007754PerovskiteLiu X, Liebermann R C (1993) X-ray powder diffraction study of CaTiO3 perovskite at high temperatures Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 171-17519930293
0007755PerovskiteLiu X, Liebermann R C (1993) X-ray powder diffraction study of CaTiO3 perovskite at high temperatures Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 171-17519930293
0007756PerovskiteLiu X, Liebermann R C (1993) X-ray powder diffraction study of CaTiO3 perovskite at high temperatures Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 171-17519930293
0007757PerovskiteLiu X, Liebermann R C (1993) X-ray powder diffraction study of CaTiO3 perovskite at high temperatures Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 171-17519930293
0007758PerovskiteLiu X, Liebermann R C (1993) X-ray powder diffraction study of CaTiO3 perovskite at high temperatures Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 171-17519930293
0016661PerovskiteDance J, Soubeyroux J, Kerkouri N, Tressaud A (1981) Chimie de solide - structure magnetique de la phase Rb0.5 Cs0.5 Co F3 de type perovskite hexagonale 6H _cod_database_code 1008789 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 293 279-29319810293
0014369PerovskitePalacin M, Bassas J, Rodriguez-Carvajal J, Fuertes A, Casan-Pastor N, Gomez-Romero P (1994) Studies of the formation and reduction of a mixed three-dimensional perovskite of copper and titanium _cod_database_code 1006117 Materials Research Bulletin 29 973-98019940293
0018079PerovskiteBarth T (1925) Die Kristallstruktur von Perowskit und verwandter Verbindungen _cod_database_code 1011210 Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 8 201-21619250293
0018080PerovskiteBarth T (1925) Die Kristallstruktur von Perowskit und verwandter Verbindungen _cod_database_code 1011211 Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 8 201-21619250293
0018081PerovskiteBarth T (1925) Die Kristallstruktur von Perowskit und verwandter Verbindungen _cod_database_code 1011212 Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 8 201-21619250293
0016660PerovskiteMeyer G, Gros Y, Bochu B, Collomb A, Chenavas J, Joubert J, Marezio M (1978) Synthesis, crystal structure, and Mossbauer study of a series of perovskite-like compounds (A Cu3) (M, Fe)4 O12 _cod_database_code 1008788 Physica Status Solidi A48 581-58619780293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.701 Å(100)
1.911 Å(50)
2.719 Å(40)
1.557 Å(25)
1.563 Å(16)
3.824 Å(14)
1.567 Å(14)
Comments:
Synthetic.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 1: Primary nebular phases4.567-4.561
3 : Solar nebular condensates (CAIs, AOAs, URIs)>4.565
4 : Primary chondrule phases4.566–4.561
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration4.566-4.550
5 : Primary asteroid phases4.566–4.560
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust>4.50
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
41 : Mantle metasomatism
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)
Geological Setting:
An accessory in alkaline mafic rocks.

Type Occurrence of PerovskiteHide

Synonyms of PerovskiteHide

Other Language Names for PerovskiteHide

Catalan:Perovskita
Czech:Perovskit
Italian:Perovskite
Polish:Perowskit
Portuguese:Perovskita
Romanian:Perovskit
Simplified Chinese:钙钛矿
Spanish:Perovskita

Varieties of PerovskiteHide

DysanalyteA Nb-bearing (usually 5-10 mas.% of Nb2O5, sometimes up to 26 mas.%) variety of Perovskite
Originally described from Badloch Quarry, Orberg Mt. - Badberg Mt. area, Schelingen, Kaiserstuhl, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
KnopiteA variety of perovskite rich in cerium.
Originally described from Långörsholmen, Alnö, Sundsvall, Medelpad, Sweden.

Relationship of Perovskite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
BarioperovskiteBaTiO3Orth. mm2 : Amm2
GoldschmidtiteKNbO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
Isolueshite(Na,La)NbO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
LakargiiteCa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
Loparite-(Ce)(Na,REE)2Ti2O6Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
LueshiteNaNbO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
MacedonitePbTiO3Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
MegawiteCaSnO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pban
TausoniteSrTiO3Iso. 4 3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
109 photos of Perovskite associated with MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4
53 photos of Perovskite associated with ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
47 photos of Perovskite associated with NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
46 photos of Perovskite associated with Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
38 photos of Perovskite associated with MelaniteCa3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3
38 photos of Perovskite associated with CalciteCaCO3
34 photos of Perovskite associated with FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
19 photos of Perovskite associated with DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
16 photos of Perovskite associated with ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
15 photos of Perovskite associated with AndraditeCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)3

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.CC.XuiteCa3Fe3+2[(AlO3(OH)]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.AllendeiteSc4Zr3O12Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.BitikleiteCa3(Sb5+Sn4+)[AlO4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.Yttriaite-(Y)Y2O3Iso. m3 (2/m 3)
4.CC.ChlorkyuygeniteCa12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2]Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.Anzaite-(Ce)Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.Heamanite-(Ce)(K0.5Ce0.5)TiO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.Priscillagrewite-(Y)(Ca2Y)Zr2(AlO4)3Iso.
4.CC.SaranovskiteSrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.BotuobinskiteSrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2]Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.MirnyiteSrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.Haitaite-(La)LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.ShagamiteKFe11O17Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.05ChrombismiteBi3+16Cr6+O27Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.10FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16Mon.
4.CC.10FluormayeniteCa12Al14O32F2Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.10FluorkyuygeniteCa12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2]Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.15GrossiteCaAl4O7Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CC.17GoldschmidtiteKNbO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.20ChlormayeniteCa12Al14O32[◻4Cl2]Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.20Unnamed (HBU UK-4)NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20PaseroitePbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20Mianningite(◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.22KahlenbergiteKAl11O17Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.22GoreriteCaAlFe3+11O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.25YafsoaniteCa3Te6+2(ZnO4)3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.25NixoniteNa2Ti6O13Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.30LatrappiteCa2NbFe3+O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30LueshiteNaNbO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.CC.30NatroniobiteNaNbO3Mon.
4.CC.30BarioperovskiteBaTiO3Orth. mm2 : Amm2
4.CC.30LakargiiteCa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30MegawiteCaSnO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pban
4.CC.32UsturiteCa3(Sb5+Zr)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32ElbrusiteCa3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32DzhuluiteCa3(Sb5+Sn4+)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32MonteneveiteCa3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.35Loparite-(Ce)(Na,REE)2Ti2O6Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.35MacedonitePbTiO3Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
4.CC.35TausoniteSrTiO3Iso. 4 3m
4.CC.35Isolueshite(Na,La)NbO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.35Panguite(Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
4.CC.37PauloabibiteNaNbO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(Ce)Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(Y)(La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical)Trig.
4.CC.40LandauiteNaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38Trig.
4.CC.40Loveringite(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40SenaitePb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40UhligiteCa3(Ti,Al,Zr)9O20 ?Iso.
4.CC.40Dessauite-(Y)(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Cleusonite(Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Gramaccioliite-(Y)(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.45DiaoyudaoiteNaAl11O17Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HawthorneiteBaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HiboniteCaAl12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45LindqvistitePb2Mn2+Fe16O27Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45Magnetoplumbite(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45PlumboferritePb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2
4.CC.45YimengiteK(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HaggertyiteBaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45NežilovitePbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45BatiferriteBaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45ChihuahuaiteFeAl12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45BarioferriteBaFe3+12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45Kangite(Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,◻)2O3 Iso. m3 (2/m 3)
4.CC.45Mizraite-(Ce)Ce(Al11Mg)O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.50Jeppeite(K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.55ZenzénitePb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm
4.CC.60Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.)(Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:
In forceps and on charcoal, infusible. Dissolves easily with salt of phosporous in oxidizing flame, giving a greenish bead while hot, becoming colorless on cooling.
Notes:
Decomposed entirely by boiling sulfuric acid.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Perovskite in petrologyHide

Internet Links for PerovskiteHide

References for PerovskiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for PerovskiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Africa
 
Odman +8 other references
Algeria
 
  • Bordj Badji Mokhtar Province
    • Bordj Badji Mokhtar District
      • Bordj Badji Mokhtar
Weber et al. (1992, March) +1 other reference
  • In Salah Province
    • In Salah District
      • Foggaret Ezzaouia
Anorthite +3 other references
Weber D (1994)
Ma et al. (2017)
Angola
 
  • Huambo Province
    • Londuimbali
Gonçalves +1 other reference
  • Huíla Province
    • Quilengues
Amores-Casals et al. (2019)
  • Lunda Norte Province
    • Lucapa
      • Camissombo
Correia (Angola)
  • Lunda Sul Province
www.venuewest.com (2003)
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • American Highland
      • Grove Mountains
YT Lin et al. (2011)
    • Buckley Island quadrangle
      • Lewis Cliff
Lee et al. (2019)
    • Mac Robertson Land
Walker et al. (1971)
S. F. Foley et al. (2002)
    • Queen Elizabeth Land
      • Pensacola Mountains
Leat et al. (2000)
    • Queen Maud Land
      • Queen Fabiola Mts
Kojima et al. (1995) +2 other references
Kojima et al. (1995) +1 other reference
    • Victoria Land
      • Allan Hills
Rosenshein et al. (2006)
Jeffrey N. Grossman (1988)
Han et al. (2011)
Argentina
 
  • Salta Province
    • Iruya Department
Woolley (1987)
  • San Luis Province
    • Sierra de Comechingones
Frank K. Mazdab collection
Australia
 
Cundari (1973) +3 other references
  • New South Wales
    • Evelyn Co.
      • Milparinka
        • Moorabie Bore
Srinivasan et al. (1996)
    • Yungnulgra Co.
Bottril et al. (1998)
  • South Australia
    • Flinders Ranges
      • North Flinders Ranges
        • Leigh Creek
Baker (1953)
      • South Flinders Ranges
Stracke +5 other references
    • Mt Lofty Ranges
      • South Mt Lofty Ranges (Adelaide Hills)
        • Adelaide
Hutcheon et al. (1982)
    • Olary Province
Reference: Keeling J. et al.MESA ...
    • Western Region
      • Maralinga
Lindstrom et al. (1993)
  • Tasmania
    • Launceston City municipality
      • The Sideling
Bottrill et al. (2020)
    • West Coast municipality
      • Zeehan mining district
Keays et al. (2013)
  • Victoria
    • City of Greater Shepparton
      • Murchison
Matzel +5 other references
    • Rural City of Benalla
Henry (1999)
  • Western Australia
Jaques et al. (1984)
      • Calwynyardah Station
        • Calwynyardah field
Hwang et al. (1994)
      • Ellendale
Jaques et al. (1986)
Jaques et al. (1986)
Jaques A.L. et al. (1986)
The Kimberlites and Lamproites of ...
Jaques et al. (1986)
      • Fitzroy Crossing
The Kimberlites and Lamproites of ...
      • Noonkanbah Station
Mineralogical Magazine 1939 25 : 373-387 +3 other references
Jaques et al. (1986)
Jaques et al. (1986)
    • Esperance Shire
      • Dundas Nature Reserve
Department of mines +1 other reference
    • Wiluna Shire
      • Carnegie Station
Hamilton et al. (1990)
    • Wyndham-East Kimberley Shire
      • Bow River Station
Jaques et al. (1986) +1 other reference
      • Kachana Station
The Kimberlites and Lamproites of ...
    • Yilgarn Shire
      • Parker Range Goldfield
Simpson (1948)
Austria
 
  • Burgenland
    • Oberpullendorf District
      • Markt Sankt Martin
        • Pauliberg
Postl et al. (2005) +1 other reference
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Micheldorf
        • Hirt
          • Griesserhof (Gulitzen; Gullitzen)
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
    • Spittal an der Drau District
      • Irschen
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
    • Villach-Land District
      • Stockenboi
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
  • Salzburg
    • St. Johann im Pongau District
      • Bad Gastein
Meixner (1952)
    • Zell am See District
      • Fusch an der Grossglocknerstrasse
Strasser (1989)
Hubert Fink collection
      • Uttendorf
Strasser (1989)
  • Styria
    • Südoststeiermark District
      • Bad Gleichenberg
        • Wilhelmsdorf
Exel (1993) +1 other reference
      • Klöch
Postl et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Bolivia
 
  • Cochabamba
    • Ayopaya Province
      • Independencia
Schultz (2004)
Schultz (2004)
  • Potosí
    • Tomás Frías Province
      • Yocalla Municipality
        • Cerro Huañaquina
Petrov (n.d.)
Botswana
 
  • Central District
    • Letlhakane
Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts (2011)
Anashkin et al. (2013, August)
  • Kgalagadi District
S.E. Haggerty et al. (1983)
Brazil
 
  • Bahia
    • Ibitiara
Cassedanne (1985)
  • Goiás
    • Amorinópolis
iavcei2004.free.cl (n.d.)
    • Catalão
Romanian Journal of Mineral Deposits +2 other references
Orris et al. (2002)
Berger et al. (2009) +2 other references
    • Ouvidor
database and grade and tonnage models: ... +3 other references
    • Santa Fé de Goiás
Machado et al. (2021)
    • Três Ranchos
Coldebella et al. (2020)
  • Mato Grosso
    • Juína
Cid et al. (2014)
Ragozin +4 other references
Hayman et al. (2005) +2 other references
Hayman et al. (Juina area, Mato Grosso, Brazil) +1 other reference
    • Juína kimberlite field
Bulanova et al. (2010)
Thomson et al. (2014)
  • Minas Gerais
    • Araxá
database and grade and tonnage models: ... +3 other references
    • Coromandel
      • Bagagem River valley
        • Romaria
Fernandes et al. (Mata da Corda Group)
      • Coromandel
        • Douradinho River valley
Andrade et al. (MG)
    • Douradoquara
Coldebella et al. (2020)
    • Patos de Minas
      • Pântano
Danni et al. (1990) +1 other reference
    • Patrocínio
      • São João da Serra Negra
database and grade and tonnage models: ... +1 other reference
    • Serra do Salitre
database and grade and tonnage models: ... +4 other references
    • Tapira
Orris et al. (2002) +1 other reference
  • Pará
    • Canaã dos Carajás
      • Sossego Mine
Monteiro et al. (2008)
Monteiro et al. (2008)
  • Santa Catarina
1995 +2 other references
  • São Paulo
    • Cajati
Oliveira et al. (2020)
Melcher (1965) +2 other references
Bulgaria
 
  • Yambol Province
    • Bolyarovo Municipality
V. Ivanova-Panayotova & M.Kanazirski (1995)
Cameroon
 
  • Southwest Region
    • Fako
      • Buea
doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800064128 +9 other references
Canada
 
  • Alberta
    • Birch Hills County
Eccles et al. (2004)
    • Mackenzie County
www.venuewest.com/8IKC/s1post.htm.
  • British Columbia
    • Golden Mining Division
Pell (1994)
[var: Knopite] Ellsworth et al. (1925)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Labrador
Tappe et al. (2005)
Am Min 85:1595–1605 (2000)
  • Northwest Territories
Masun (1999) +2 other references
      • Ekati Mine
Abersteiner et al. (2020) +1 other reference
Tappert et al. (2005)
Abersteiner et al. (2018)
      • Gahcho Kué Mine
Caro et al. (2004)
  • Nunavut
    • Kitikmeot Region
      • Darby kimberlite field
Anzolini et al. (2019)
    • Qikiqtaaluk Region
      • Baffin Island
Hogarth (1997)
      • Somerset Island
Wu et al. (2010)
Wu et al. (2010)
December 1994 +4 other references
Wu et al. (2010)
Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 18 (1980)
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (1976)
Roger H. Mitchell (1979)
      • Ungava bay
        • Abloviak fjord
Sebastian Tappe +1 other reference
  • Ontario
    • Algoma District
      • McMurray Township
Sage (1988)
162-165. +1 other reference
    • Hastings County
Anthony et al. (1990)
        • Dungannon Township
          • York River area
MSC Report 39
    • Kenora District
CURRIE (1976)
    • Prince Edward County
      • Sophiasburgh Township
Arma et al. (1985)
    • Sudbury District
      • Unorganized North Sudbury District
        • Keith Township
K. D. Watson et al. (1978)
        • Lackner Township
Sage (1988)
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Bomby Township
        • Hemlo gold deposit
Schandl et al. (2000)
      • Killala Lake Area
Mariano et al. (1989) +5 other references
    • Timiskaming District
K. D. Watson et al. (1978)
Mitchell (1978)
  • Québec
    • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
      • La Vallée-de-l'Or RCM
        • Réservoir-Dozois
Olivier Langelier Collection
    • Côte-Nord
      • Sept-Rivières RCM
Louise Corriveau (Date Modified: 2008-12-08)
    • Laurentides
      • Deux-Montagnes RCM
        • Oka
Zurevinski et al. (2004)
Gold (1969)
Richard Gunter Collection
Watkinson (1972)
Nickel et al. (1963) +3 other references
        • Saint-Joseph-du-Lac
Sabina (1968)
    • Montérégie
      • Vaudreuil-Soulanges RCM
        • Vaudreuil-Dorion
Williams et al. (1954) +1 other reference
    • Montréal
      • Mont Royal
Dolan (1923)
Lacroix (1890)
    • Nord-du-Québec
      • Baie-James
American Mineralogist (1955)
        • Certac mine
Van Rythoven et al. (2020)
        • Otish Mountains
C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data)
C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data)
    • Outaouais
      • Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais RCM
        • Chelsea
Sabina (1987)
        • La Pêche
          • Wakefield
Hull-Maniwaki +1 other reference
  • Yukon
    • Whitehorse mining district
      • Carcross
        • Tagish Lake
Zolensky et al. (2002)
Sabina (1972)
Cape Verde
 
  • Barlavento Islands
Shaw et al. (2006) +3 other references
  • Sotavento Islands
Weidendorfer et al. (2016)
Stillman et al. (1982) +5 other references
China
 
  • Gansu
    • Longnan
      • Li County
Yu et al. (2001) +5 other references
  • Guizhou
    • Guiyang
      • Qingzhen County
Lin et al. (2002)
  • Hubei
    • Jingmen
      • Jingshan Co.
Huilong Yu (1985)
    • Shiyan
      • Shennongjia Forest District
Shi (1991) +1 other reference
      • Zhushan Co.
Li (1982) +3 other references
    • Suizhou
      • Zengdu District (Cengdou District)
        • Xihe
Xie et al. (2015)
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Baotou City (Baotou Prefecture)
      • Bayan Obo mining district
        • Bayan Obo
          • Bayan Obo deposit
Zhang Peishan et al. (1996)
  • Liaoning
    • Dalian
      • Wafangdian City
        • Fuxian Kimberlite field
          • Toudaogou (incl. Pipes No. 51; 68 & 74)
Ma et al. (2024)
Ma et al. (2024)
  • Qinghai
    • Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
      • Mangnai City (Mangya Co.)
        • Lenghu Co.
Abudukeyumu et al. (2022)
  • Shaanxi
    • Hanzhong
      • Ningqiang County
Wang et al. (2009)
  • Shandong
    • Jining
      • Weishan County
Orris et al. (2002)
    • Linyi
      • Mengyin County
Jianhong Zhang et al. (1986)
          • Changma Kimberlite belt
            • Wangcun deposit
Lu Fengxiang et al. (1999)
  • Tianjin
    • Ji Co.
Huiwen Wang (2004)
  • Tibet
    • Ngari
      • Rutog Co. (Ritu Co.)
Hua Chen et al. (2010)
  • Xinjiang
    • Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)
      • Yizhou District
        • Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt
Jiaxin Zhang (2003) +1 other reference
  • Yunnan
    • Chuxiong
      • Wuding County
        • Luoci Cu ore field
Yongbei Zhang et al. (2003)
Czech Republic
 
  • Hradec Králové Region
    • Trutnov District
      • Bílá Třemešná
        • Nové Lesy
Ulrych et al. (1996)
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Cheb District
      • Ovesné Kladruby
Stelzner (1885)
  • Liberec Region
    • Liberec District
      • Osečná
Ulrych +17 other references
  • Ústí nad Labem Region
    • Chomutov District
Pivec et al. (1982) +3 other references
    • Teplice District
      • Zabrušany
Žáček V. +1 other reference
Denmark
 
Pedersen et al. (1975) +1 other reference
  • Zealand Region
    • Lolland
Henning Haack et al. (2012)
DR Congo
 
  • Haut-Katanga
    • Kundelungu Plateau
Batumike et al. (2007)
Batumike et al. (2007)
  • Ituri
    • Aru Territory
El Goresy et al. (1984)
  • North Kivu
    • Nyiragongo Territory
Combe et al. (1933) +4 other references
Richard +15 other references
Mineralogical Magazine 1957 31 : ... +1 other reference
Federated States of Micronesia
 
the evolution of a young hot spot trace across old Pacific Ocean crust. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (1) +2 other references
Finland
 
  • Kainuu
    • Kuhmo
O'Brien +1 other reference
  • Lapland
    • Savukoski
      • Tulppio
Vartiainen +22 other references
  • North Ostrobothnia
    • Kuusamo
Hayden Dalton et al. (2018)
Hayden Dalton et al. (2018)
Hayden Dalton et al. (2018)
  • North Savo
O´Brien Hugh
  • Uusimaa
    • Lohja
      • Palmottu Lake
Pérez del Villar et al. (386)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Loire
      • Montbrison
Brousse +4 other references
        • Marcoux
Brousse +3 other references
BRGM (1980)
    • Savoie
      • Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Boisson et al. (2012)
  • Centre-Val de Loire
    • Loir-et-Cher
      • Vendôme
        • Lancé
Brearley et al. (1998)
  • Corsica
    • Haute-Corse
      • Bastia
Sylvano IOB Collection
Sylvano IOB Collection
  • Grand Est
    • Vosges
Brousse +5 other references
  • Ile-de-France
    • Paris
Marrocchi et al. (2014) +2 other references
  • Occitanie
    • Aveyron
      • Rodez
        • Sévérac-d'Aveyron
Eytier J.R. & Ch. et al. (2004)
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Céret
        • Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste
Dubru. M (1986)
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
        • Feldberg
Walenta (1992)
Wimmenauer (1952) +5 other references
        • Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl
          • Oberbergen
Weiß (1990)
          • Oberrotweil
            • Niederrotweil
omnibus.uni-freiburg.de (n.d.)
          • Schelingen
            • Ohrberg - Badberg area
media.lgrb-bw.de (2022)
      • Konstanz
Alibert et al. (1983) +6 other references
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Walenta (1992) +1 other reference
      • Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis
        • Blumberg
          • Randen
Grubenmann (1886)
    • Stuttgart Region
      • Esslingen
        • Ostfildern
Walenta (1960)
    • Tübingen Region
      • Reutlingen
Cloos (1941) +8 other references
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Franconia
      • Haßberge District
        • Maroldsweisach
Wittern (2001)
    • Upper Franconia
      • Hof District
        • Rehau
          • Wurlitz
F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof)
  • Hesse
    • Kassel Region
Oehm et al. (1983) +6 other references
      • Schwalm-Eder
        • Fritzlar
          • Lohne
Walter Göttler
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Bad Harzburg
        • Radau valley
Dennis Harries Collection
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Ahrweiler
      • Brohltal
        • Burgbrohl
Brauns
        • Glees
Hentschel (1983)
        • Spessart
          • Hannebach
Brauns (1922)
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Mayen
Hentschel (1973)
        • Seekante
Skrzyńska et al. (2023)
      • Mendig
        • Mendig
          • Basalt quarries
Hentschel
      • Vordereifel
        • Ettringen
[Hentschel et al. (5)
Sharygin (2012)
Galuskin et al. (2016)
in the collection of Christof Schäfer
in the collection of Christof Schäfer
in the collection of Christof Schäfer
    • Vulkaneifel
      • Daun
        • Dockweiler
Personally collected by Günter Frenz +1 other reference
        • Hinterweiler
Christof Schäfer
        • Oberstadtfeld
Rastsvetaeva et al. (2014)
        • Schalkenmehren
Weiß (1990)
        • Üdersdorf
Brauns
Hentschel (1983) +1 other reference
      • Gerolstein
        • Birresborn
Hentschel (1987)
        • Gerolstein
          • Roth
Jürgen Greiner Collection +2 other references
        • Hillesheim
Hentschel (1987) +1 other reference
Hentschel (1987)
Hentschel (1987)
        • Hohenfels-Essingen
Hentschel (1983)
Aufschluss 82 (6)
        • Kalenborn-Scheuern
Hentschel (1987)
        • Oberbettingen
Hentschel (1987)
        • Oberehe-Stroheich
Weiß (1990)
        • Rockeskyll
          • Rockeskyll volcanic complex
Brauns
Hentschel (1987)
Hentschel (1987)
Haardt
Hentschel (1987)
Hentschel (1987)
        • Steffeln
Wittern (2001)
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Saalekreis
      • Landsberg
Wand et al. (1989) +3 other references
  • Saxony
    • Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
      • Sebnitz
Pfeiffer (1994) +2 other references
Greece
 
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Rhodope
      • Maroneia-Sapes
Mineral. Petrol. 95 (2009) +1 other reference
  • Western Macedonia
    • Grevena
      • Grevena
    • Kozani
      • Kozani
...
Greenland
 
  • Qeqqata
    • Isortoq Fjord (Søndre Isortoq)
      • Sarfartoq region
HUTCHINSON et al. (2008)
www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)
  • Sermersooq
www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)
    • Blosseville Coast
      • Cape Dalton
Woolley (1987)
    • Kangerlussuaq Fjord
Petersen et al. (1985) +1 other reference
    • Paamiut (Frederikshåb)
www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)
Steenfelt et al. (2007) +1 other reference
www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)
Guinea
 
  • Kankan Region
McCammon et al. (2004)
Hungary
 
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Edelény District
Zajzon et al. (2013)
  • Fejér County
    • Székesfehérvár District
      • Pátka
Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec.
  • Hajdú-Bihar County
    • Kaba
Brearley et al. (1998) +1 other reference
  • Veszprém County
    • Tapolca District
      • Uzsa
Kovács (2009)
India
 
  • Andhra Pradesh
    • Anantapur District
Gupta et al. (1986, September) +2 other references
Parthasarathy et al. (2002)
AJIT KUMAR REDDY (1987) +1 other reference
        • Chigicherla cluster
Rao et al. (2009)
Rao et al. (2009)
        • Timmasamudram cluster
Shaikh et al. (2017)
Shaikh et al. (2017)
        • Wajrakarur–Lattavaram cluster
Kaur et al. (2016)
Kaur et al. (2013)
Shaikh et al. (2018)
Shaikh et al. (2018)
Dongre et al. (2015)
Dongre et al. (2020)
    • Kadapa District (YSR District)
Chalapathi Rao et al. (2004)
    • Krishna District
Chalapathi Rao et al. (1996)
    • Kurnool District
      • Chelama railway station
Bergman (1987)
  • Assam
    • East Karbi Anglong District
Kumar et al. (1996)
S. Nag et al. (1999)
S. Nag et al. (1999)
Kumar et al. (1989) +1 other reference
S. Nag et al. (1999)
    • West Karbi Anglong District
Kumar et al. (1996) +4 other references
  • Gujarat
    • Chhota Udaipur District
Viladkar et al. (2016)
    • Kutch District
      • Nakhatrana Taluka
Krishnamurthy et al. (1988) +5 other references
  • Jharkhand
    • Dhanbad District
Rock et al. (1992) +3 other references
Rock et al. (1992)
  • Kerala
    • Kollam District
      • Pathanapuram
Sandiford et al. (1991) +3 other references
  • Madhya Pradesh
    • Jabalpur Division
      • Chhindwara District
Srinivasan et al. (1996) +2 other references
    • Panna District
      • Panna
        • Panna Mines
Rao (2006)
Scott Smith +3 other references
  • Maharashtra
    • Konkan Division
      • Raigad District
        • Murud
Dessai et al. (1990) +3 other references
A.G. Dessai et al.
A.G. Dessai
  • Meghalaya
    • East Khasi Hills District
Krishnamurthy (1985) +3 other references
  • Tamil Nadu
    • Krishnagiri District
Prinz et al. (1989)
  • Telangana
    • Jogulamba Gadwal District
      • Raichur kimberlite field
Xu et al. (2018)
Xu et al. (2018)
    • Nalgonda District
Sridhar et al. (2005)
    • Narayanpet District
      • Narayanpet kimberlite field
        • Kotakonda Cluster (KK–1 to KK–7)
Chalapathi Rao et al. (2009)
Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 513-516
Indonesia
 
  • West Java Province
Schirmeyer et al. (1996)
Iraq
 
  • Sulaymaniyah Governorate
    • Pshdar District
      • Qaladiza
        • Hero
Al-Hermezi (1985) +1 other reference
Israel
 
  • Southern District (HaDarom District)
    • Tamar Regional Council
Sharygin et al. (2008)
Arkadiusz Krzątała et al. (2018) +1 other reference
Galuskin et al. (2023)
Krzątała et al. (2018)
Krzątała et al. (2023)
Sharygin +7 other references
Sokol et al. (2015)
Galuskin +1 other reference
Italy
 
  • Abruzzo
    • Pescara Province
      • Pescosansonesco
Vichi et al. (2005)
  • Aosta Valley
    • Ayas
      • Champoluc
        • Gobba di Rollin-Rocca di Verra ridge - Blu Lake area
Fabbian (1971) +3 other references
Maletto et al. (1976) +1 other reference
Maletto et al. (1976) +2 other references
    • Champdepraz
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Millosevich (1901) +7 other references
Millosevich (1901)
    • Montjovet
Paolo Bosio collection
  • Basilicata
    • Potenza Province
      • Melfi
Stoppa et al. (1997)
      • Rionero in Vulture
Stoppa +14 other references
  • Campania
    • Naples
Panikorovskii et al. (2017) +1 other reference
[Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23 +1 other reference
          • Ercolano
            • San Vito
Russo et al. (2004)
  • Emilia-Romagna
    • Ferrara Province
      • Cento
        • Renazzo
Weisberg et al. (1989) +1 other reference
      • Vigarano Mainarda
        • Vigarano Pieve
Christophe-Michel-Levy et al. (1970) +4 other references
  • Lazio
    • Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
      • Albano Laziale
forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.)
      • Marino
AA. VV.
      • Rome
AA. VV.
    • Rieti Province
      • Rieti
        • Santa Rufina
F. Stoppa and Y. Liu +6 other references
    • Viterbo Province
      • Latera
No reference: just probed (Marco E. Ciriotti-2004)
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Genoa
        • Varenna Valley
Antofilli
    • Savona Province
      • Urbe
Pipino G. (1978) +1 other reference
  • Lombardy
    • Sondrio Province
      • Chiesa in Valmalenco
Boeris (1911) +1 other reference
Bedognè et al. (2006)
Bedognè et al. (2006)
Bedognè et al. (1993)
      • Lanzada
Bedognè et al. (1993)
        • Campo Moro Valley
Gramaccioli (1962)
          • Poschiavina Valley
Bedognè et al. (1993)
AA. VV.
AA. VV.
        • Franscia
Bedognè et al. (1993)
AA. VV.
Sigismund (1949) +1 other reference
Bedognè et al. (1993)
      • Torre di Santa Maria
        • Ciappanico
AA. VV. +2 other references
        • Torreggio Valley
          • Airale Valley
Bedognè et al. (1993)
Bedognè et al. (1993)
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Casteldelfino
Compagnoni et al. (1985)
      • Crissolo
        • Pian Melzé (Pian della Regina)
Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Ala di Stura
AA. VV.
Rossetti (2000)
      • Balangero
Prete (1995)
AA. VV.
Gramaccioli (1975)
Maletto et al. (1976) +2 other references
        • Mussa Alp (Pian della Mussa; Piano della Mussa; La Mussa; Lamussa)
Maletto G. et al. (1976)
      • Ceres
Maletto G. et al. (1976)
      • Condove
Piccoli et al. (2007)
AA. VV.
Repossi et al. (1926) +3 other references
      • Roure
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Rubiana
Piccoli et al. (2007)
AA. VV.
Boeris (1900) +3 other references
Boeris (1900) +5 other references
      • Usseglio
Piccoli et al. (2007)
AA. VV.
    • Vercelli Province
Piccoli et al. (2007)
  • Sicily
    • Agrigento Province
      • Pelagie Islands (Pelagian Islands)
Rossi et al. (1996) +4 other references
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • South Tyrol
      • Puster Valley District
        • Vintl (Vandoies)
          • Pfunders Valley (Fundres Valley)
Exel (1980)
      • Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco)
        • Pfitsch (Val di Vizze)
AA. VV.
          • Sankt Jakob (San Giacomo)
            • Unterbergtal
Hossfeld (1977)
  • Tuscany
    • Metropolitan City of Florence
      • Impruneta
Prosperi et al. (2013)
Batacchi et al. (2015)
  • Umbria
    • Perugia Province
      • Spoleto
Stoppa F. +8 other references
    • Terni Province
F. Stoppa and Y. Liu +8 other references
      • San Venanzo
Sabatini (1899) +20 other references
  • Veneto
    • Padova Province
      • Galzignano Terme
Fabris et al. (2014)
    • Vicenza Province
      • Schio
        • Tretto
          • Val Munari
            • Contrade Maglio-Pornaro
Boscardin et al. (1988) +4 other references
Japan
 
  • Ehime Prefecture
    • Inland Sea (Setonaikai)
      • Imabari City
Shimazaki et al. (1984)
Shimazaki et al. (1984)
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Shiribeshi Subprefecture
Nagata (1982)
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Kamaishi City
American Mineralogist +1 other reference
    • Oshu City
      • Esashi ward
Matsubara et al. (1999)
  • Kochi Prefecture
    • Kochi City
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
  • Okayama Prefecture
    • Takahashi City
      • Bitchū
        • Fuka
Mineralogical Record: 27: 304. +2 other references
Jordan
 
  • Amman Governorate
    • Transjordan Plateau
      • Daba-Siwaqa complex
Pitty et al. (2010)
        • Hashem region
          • Lisdan-Siwaga Fault
Fleurance et al. (2013)
            • Siwaga
              • Tulul al Hammam
Galuskina et al. (2021)
Kazakhstan
 
  • North Kazakhstan Region
    • Aiyrtau District
Kogarko et al. (1995)
  • Pavlodar Region
    • Pavlodar District
Casanova et al. (1993, March) +1 other reference
Kenya
 
  • Baringo County
Binge (1962)
  • Homa Bay County
Deines et al. (1973) +15 other references
Le Bas (1977)
Nyamai et al. (2000)
Pulfrey +4 other references
  • Kajiado County
Williams (1972)
Peterson +2 other references
  • Kwale County
Berger et al. (2009)
  • Laikipia County
Rout et al. (2008)
  • Nakuru County
Jennings (1971)
  • Nandi County
Binge (1962) +5 other references
Kiribati
 
Natland et al. (1976) +1 other reference
Lesotho
 
  • Butha-Buthe District
American Mineralogist (1968)
Libya
 
  • Jufra District
    • Dar al Gani
Masaaki Miyahara1 et al. (2011)
Zhang et al. (2013)
  • Kufra District
Conticelli +1 other reference
Madagascar
 
  • Alaotra-Mangoro
    • Amparafaravola District
      • Amparafaravola Commune
Prior (1901) +2 other references
Behier (1963)
James +8 other references
  • Anosy
    • Amboasary Sud District
Collection Musée National de la ...
  • Atsinanana
    • Vatomandry District
      • Ambalavolo
Lacroix (1923)
Malawi
 
  • Southern Region
    • Balaka
Garson +6 other references
Garson +1 other reference
    • Mangochi
Garson
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Pueblito de Allende
American Mineralogist +4 other references
  • Queretaro
    • Cadereyta de Montes Municipality
      • Maconi
Mandarino (2001)
Middle East
 
Gross (1977) +1 other reference
Mongolia
 
  • Dornogovi Province
    • Erdene District
Savina et al. (2020)
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Errachidia Province
      • Errachidia Cercle
        • M'daghra Lkeng Caïdat
Ivanova et al. (2002)
    • Midelt Province
      • Midelt Cercle
        • Aït Oufella Caïdat
          • Amersid
Woolley (2001)
Jeremine et al. (1947) +9 other references
    • Zagora Province
      • Agdz Cercle
        • Tansifte Caïdat
FAVREAU G. & DIETRICH J.E. (2006)
  • Fès-Meknès Region
    • Ifrane Province
      • Azrou Cercle
Cherotzky +4 other references
Berger et al. (2009)
  • Oriental Region
    • Taourirt Province
JÉRÉMINE (1955) +1 other reference
Cherotzky +6 other references
  • Rabat-Salé-Kénitra Region
    • Khémisset Province
      • Oulmès Cercle
Gentil +4 other references
  • Souss-Massa Region
    • Tata Province
      • Tata Cercle
Baziotis et al. (2013)
Mozambique
 
  • Sofala Province
    • Caia District
Instituto Nacional de Geologia. 1987. ... +3 other references
    • Muanza District
Teale et al. (1923)
Namibia
 
  • Otjozondjupa Region
    • Otjiwarongo Constituency
Prins +4 other references
  • ǁKaras Region
    • Berseba Constituency
      • Berseba Townlands Farm 426
Verwoerd (1967) +11 other references
Kurszlaukis et al. (1997)
    • Karasburg East
      • Bokiesbank Ost Farm 79
Verwoerd (1993)
    • ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency
Verwoerd (1967) +3 other references
Netherlands
 
  • Overijssel
    • Deventer
      • Diepenveen
www.lpi.usra.edu (2016)
New Zealand
 
  • Canterbury Region
    • Kaikoura District
Suggate et al. (1978) +2 other references
  • Southland Region
    • Invercargill City
Service (1937)
  • Taranaki Region
Brearley et al. (1998)
  • West Coast Region
    • Westland District
Woolley (2019)
Northwest Africa Meteorites
 
Stuart A. Sweeney Smith (2010)
Fintor et al. (2013) +1 other reference
Moggi-Cecchi et al. (2007)
Jacquet et al. (2016)
Norway
 
  • Møre og Romsdal
    • Kristiansund
Bugge et al. (1980) +1 other reference
  • Nordland
    • Bindal
Nordrum (2008)
Nordrum (2011)
    • Sortland
      • Godfjorden
Bøe (1997) +1 other reference
Heldal +30 other references
  • Østfold
    • Halden
      • Idd
Neumann et al. (1976)
  • Telemark
    • Nome
Brøgger (1921)
      • Søve Mines
Dahlgren (2005)
    • Skien
Jamtveit et al. (1997)
  • Vestfold
    • Larvik
      • Brunlanes
Dahlgren et al. (2012)
Brøgger (1890, January)
Brøgger (1884, p. 353) +1 other reference
  • Viken
    • Moss
- (n.d.)
Oman
 
  • Al Wusta Governorate
    • Sayh al Uhaymir
Zhang et al. (2009) +1 other reference
  • Dhofar Governorate
Ivanova et al. (2002, March)
Pacific Ocean
 
doi.org/10.1093/petrology/44.1.113 +5 other references
Pakistan
 
  • Balochistan
    • Pishin District
Ahmed et al. (1990) +1 other reference
  • Gilgit-Baltistan
Gordon Cressey (1986)
Palestine
 
  • West Bank
    • Jericho Governorate
Sokol et al. (2011)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Kłodzko County
      • Gmina Nowa Ruda
        • Przygórze
          • Bolesław Mine
Kruszewski et al. (2012)
    • Zgorzelec County
      • Gmina Bogatynia
Panasiuk +4 other references
Lis et al. (1986)
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Bytom
      • Bobrek
Ł. Kruszewski EPMA/PXRD data +1 other reference
    • Pszczyńa County
Szopa +4 other references
Szopa +4 other references
Portugal
 
  • Faro
    • Monchique
      • Monchique
Alves et al. (2010)
Romania
 
  • Bihor County
Marincea +4 other references
  • Brașov County
Szakáll
Szakáll et al. (2010)
  • Caraş-Severin County
    • Prigor
Marincea et al. (2014, September) +1 other reference
  • Covasna County
Szakáll et al. (2010)
  • Harghita County
Michel‐Lévy (1988)
  • Hunedoara County
    • Brad
The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 39 (2001)
Marincea +3 other references
Marincea et al. (2011)
Russia
 
  • Arkhangelsk Oblast
    • Zimny Bereg District
      • Zimny Bereg kimberlite field
        • Verkhotina occurrence
Kononova et al. (2007) +1 other reference
  • Bashkortostan
Krot et al. (2008)
  • Buryatia
    • Severo-Baykalsky District
      • Dovyren Highlands
Galuskin (2007)
Kislov +1 other reference
Kislov +1 other reference
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
Cesnokov et al. (1998)
    • Karabash
      • Karabash ophiolite massif
        • Soimon Valley
Murzin et al. (2013) +1 other reference
    • Zlatoust
      • Kusinsk Fe-Ti-V-deposit
Joseph Freillich specimen
      • Nazyamskie Mountains
Pekov (1998)
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Richard Dale Collection
  • Irkutsk Oblast
11 (4) +1 other reference
    • Lake Baikal area
[Sussex Mineral & Lapdiary Society +9 other references
    • Narin-Kunta
Armbruster et al. (2011) +1 other reference
L. Kogarko (1995)
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
  • Kabardino-Balkaria
    • Baksan Valley
Bailau +1 other reference
        • Lakargi Mountain
Galuskina et al. (2013)
Galuskin et al. (2011)
Galuskina et al. (2013)
Kaigorodova (2017)
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Milkovsky District
      • Tolbachik Volcanic field
        • Plosky Tolbachik Volcano
Sharygin et al. (2018)
  • Kemerovo Oblast
    • Gornaya Shoria Region
      • Tashelga River
Коноваленко et al. (2012)
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Ayan-Maya district
Lennikov et al. (2004) +1 other reference
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Boguchansky District
      • Chadobets alkaline complex
Doroshkevich et al. (2019)
Prokopyev +4 other references
    • Evenkiysky District
Sokol et al. (2019) +2 other references
    • Maimecha and Kotui Rivers Basin
Malitch K.N. et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Henderson et al. (1999) +7 other references
Kogarko et al. (1991)
Henderson et al. (1999)
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
    • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
      • Taimyr Peninsula
        • Putoran Plateau
          • Noril'sk
            • Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit
Mariya S. Alferova (2007)
Tolstykh et al. (2022)
    • Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District
Sazonov et al. (2024)
  • Murmansk Oblast
[var: Knopite] [World of Stones 95:5-6
[var: Knopite] Arzamastsev et al. (2006)
    • Khibiny Massif
Pekov et al. (2004)
Arzamastsev et al. (1990) +2 other references
      • The Carbonatite Stock in the vicinity of Tul'ilukht Bay
Konopleva et al. (2008)
    • Kolsky District
Sorokhtina et al. (2008)
    • Kovdorsky District
Verhulst et al. (2000) +2 other references
O.Bartenev
[World of Stones 95:5-6
Pekov (1998) +1 other reference
...
    • Northern Karelia
Pekov (1998)
...
A. N. Korobeinikov et al. (1998)
    • Turii Cape
... +2 other references
  • Perm Krai
    • Gornozavodskii District
      • Sarany
Jordi Fabre specimen
  • Primorsky Krai
    • Krasnoarmeysky District
      • Roshchino
chemistry and genesis et al. (in Russian) +1 other reference
  • Republic of Karelia
    • Loukhsky District
[var: Knopite] Bea et al. (2001)
www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.)
    • Prionezhsky District
      • Zaonezhskoe kimberlite field
Putintseva et al. (2017)
  • Sakha
Doroshkevich et al. (2022)
Pekov (1998)
    • Mirninsky District
      • Daldyn
Patchen et al. (1997)
Rezvukhin +10 other references
Am Min 90: 1688-1692 +1 other reference
    • Olenyoksky District
      • Kuoikskoe field
Kostrovitsky et al. (2023)
Kostrovitsky et al. (2023)
    • Polar Yakutia
Okrugin et al. (2023)
Yakovlev et al. (2008, October)
  • Tatarstan
    • Muslyumovsky District
B. B. Holmberg & A. Hashimoto (1992)
  • Tuva
Andreeva et al. (2006) +2 other references
Sierra Leone
 
  • Eastern Province
    • Kono District
Mitchell (Ed.)
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Banská Štiavnica District
      • Vysoká
Koděra P. et al. (štiavnický stratovulkán) +2 other references
  • Košice Region
    • Košice-okolie District
      • Jasov
Radvanec et al. (2016)
    • Rožňava District
      • Dobšiná
Štubňa et al. (2019)
Putiš M. et al. (the Meliata Unit)
Solomon Islands
 
  • Malaita Province
Allen et al. (1965) +3 other references
Mineralogical Magazine
Allen et al. (1965)
South Africa
 
  • Free State
    • Lejweleputswa District Municipality
      • Masilonyana Local Municipality
        • Theunissen
          • Theunissen kimberlite field
Roger H. Mitchell and Henry O. A. Meyer (1989)
    • Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality
      • Setsoto Local Municipality
        • Clocolan
Field et al. (2008) +1 other reference
    • Xhariep District Municipality
      • Kopanong Local Municipality
        • Jagersfontein
S.E. Haggerty et al. (1983)
      • Letsemeng Local Municipality
        • Koffiefontein
Meyer (2021)
  • Gauteng
    • City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
      • Cullinan
Fabrizio Nestola et al. (2018)
  • Limpopo
    • Waterberg District Municipality
      • Mogalakwena Local Municipality
        • Mogalakwena
          • Mokopane
Armitage et al. (2002) +1 other reference
      • Thabazimbi Local Municipality
        • Thabazimbi
Berger et al. (2009)
USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A
  • North West
    • Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
      • Kgetlengrivier Local Municipality
        • Swartruggens
Hammond et al. (2002)
      • Moses Kotane Local Municipality
VERWOERD (1986)
    • Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality
      • Ramotshere Moiloa Local Municipality
VERWOERD (1993)
  • Northern Cape
    • Frances Baard District Municipality
      • Dikgatlong Local Municipality
        • Windsorton
          • Mount Rupert
            • Bellsbank Mines
              • Main Fissure
Nabil Z. Boctor and F. R. Boyd (1982)
      • Sol Plaatje Local Municipality
        • Kimberley
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE +1 other reference
S.E. Haggerty et al. (1983) +1 other reference
          • KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine)
Haggerty et al. (1983) +2 other references
Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts (2011) +1 other reference
    • Namakwa District Municipality
      • Khâi-Ma Local Municipality
        • Pofadder
Wu et al. (2010)
  • Western Cape
    • Cape Winelands District Municipality
      • Witzenberg Local Municipality
        • Koue Bokkeveld Mountain
Richard C. Greenwood (1991)
South Sudan
 
  • Eastern Equatoria
    • Kapoeta
Zolensky et al. (1996)
Spain
 
  • Aragon
    • Teruel
      • Loscos
Calvo (2008)
  • Canary Islands
    • Las Palmas Province
Coello et al. (92) +10 other references
Barrera J.L. et al. (1981) +1 other reference
Casillas et al. (2024)
Crisp et al. (1987) +12 other references
    • Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province
      • Tenerife
Ferguson (1978)
  • Castile-La Mancha
    • Ciudad Real
      • Bolaños de Calatrava
Calvo et al. (2013)
  • Community of Madrid
Angel Ortiz Maellas / Joan Rosell ...
  • Galicia
    • Ourense
      • Lobios
Sri Lanka
 
  • Sabaragamuwa Province
    • Ratnapura District
Fehr (1983)
Sweden
 
  • Norrbotten County
    • Kalix
Kresten et al. (1977) +1 other reference
  • Västernorrland County
    • Sundsvall
Eckermann +19 other references
[var: Knopite] Holmquist (1894) +1 other reference
    • Timrå
      • Fagervik Tunnel
Eckermann (1961)
[var: Knopite]
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Bernina Region
      • Poschiavo
de Quervain (1963) +3 other references
de Quervain (1963) +3 other references
De Quervain (1938) +4 other references
    • Moesa Region
Schweizer Strahler 2/2009
  • Schaffhausen
    • Ramsen
Hofmann (1956) +3 other references
  • Valais
    • Visp
      • Saas-Almagell
Christian Bracke Collection
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Saas-Fee
        • Fee Glacier
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Zermatt
        • Findel glacier (Findeln glacier; Findelen glacier) area
R. L. Parker
        • Gorner glacier area
Stalder et al. (1998)
Stalder et al. (1998)
Tajikistan
 
  • Gorno-Badakhshan
Solovova et al. (2006, October)
Tanzania
 
  • Arusha Region
    • Monduli District
Guzmics et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Mitchell et al. (2021)
    • Ngorongoro District
... +3 other references
Zaitsev A.N. et al. (2010) +2 other references
  • Manyara Region
Lee et al. (2000)
Turkey
 
  • Afyon Province
Recommendations of the International ... +11 other references
  • Rize Province
Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497 +2 other references
Uganda
 
  • Eastern Region
    • Tororo
Berger et al. (2009)
  • Western Region
    • Kabarole
Barker et al. (1989)
    • Kasese
      • Katwe-Kikorongo volcanic field (Katwe volcanic field)
Stoppa et al. (2000)
UK
 
  • Northern Ireland
    • Co. Antrim
      • Larne
        • Glenoe
Nawaz (1977) +1 other reference
Tilley et al. (1948)
  • Scotland
    • Argyll and Bute
      • Isle of Mull
Cann (1965)
    • Highland
      • Caol and Mallaig
        • Isle of Muck
Tilley (1947)
      • Eilean á Chèo
        • Isle of Skye
Beard et al. (2007)
    • Orkney Islands
      • Orkney Island
Age relationships and their implications. Scottish Journal of Geology (3) +7 other references
Ukraine
 
  • Donetsk Oblast
    • Azov Sea Region
Yatsenko et al. (2020)
V.V. Sharygin (2011)
      • Kalinin coal mine
Шарыгин (2015)
  • Mykolayiv Oblast
Strebel et al. (2000) +1 other reference
MacPherson (1984)
  • Zhytomyr Oblast
    • Korosten Raion
Liventseva (n.d.)
United States Minor Outlying Islands
 
Natland et al. (1976) +1 other reference
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Pima County
      • Sierrita Mountains
        • Papago Mining District (Sierrita Mining District)
www.admmr.state.az.us/circ9titanium.htm. +2 other references
  • Arkansas
USGS National Geochemical Database : ...
    • Garland County
American Mineralogist
    • Hot Spring County
- (2005)
Erickson +2 other references
Smith (1988)
Flohr et al. (1989)
Berger et al. (2009)
R&M 67:6 p402-404
- (2005) +1 other reference
Smith
    • Pike County
      • Murfreesboro
Miser et al. (1923) +1 other reference
B. H (1984) +2 other references
Dummett (1987)
    • Scott County
Salpas et al. (94)
  • California
    • Fresno County
      • Coalinga
Wise et al. (1995)
    • Humboldt County
      • Coastal Range
...
    • Riverside County
      • Jurupa Valley
        • Crestmore
          • Crestmore quarries
            • Sky Blue Hill
Murdoch et al. (1966)
      • Riverside
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 174. +1 other reference
    • San Benito County
      • San Benito Peak (San Benito Mountain)
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 174 +5 other references
      • Santa Rita Peak
Am Min 51:381-387
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 170 +4 other references
  • Colorado
    • Fremont County
      • Gem Park complex
USGS Prof Paper 649 +1 other reference
    • Gunnison County
      • White Earth Mining District (Powderhorn Mining District)
Eckel et al. (1997)
- (2005)
    • Larimer County
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Kansas
    • Decatur County
- (n.d.)
Woolley (1987)
Am Min 44:1082-1086
  • Kentucky
    • Calloway County
Martin R. Lee & Richard C. Greenwood  (1994)
    • Crittenden County
Goldstein (2006)
    • Elliott County
Jeffrey J. Agee et al. (1982) +2 other references
    • Livingston County
      • Illinois - Kentucky Fluorspar Mining District
        • Salem
          • Hutson Zinc mine
Goldstein (2006)
  • Michigan
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
  • Missouri
    • Cass County
Woolley (1987)
    • Ste. Genevieve County
Sherwood et al. (1998)
  • Montana
    • Hill County
www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens
- (2005)
    • Prairie County
Hearn (2004)
  • Nevada
    • Elko County
      • Delano Mining District
- (2005) +1 other reference
  • New York
    • Essex County
      • Keene Township
        • Cascade Mountain
Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 74 (1980)
    • Herkimer County
Jensen (1978)
    • Onondaga County
Jensen (1978)
    • Tompkins County
Jensen (1978)
Martens et al. (35)
    • Mitchell County
Paris (2011)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Fayette County
      • Masontown
Gordon
  • Tennessee
    • Carter County
      • Cranberry Magnetite Mining District
Paris (2011)
  • Texas
    • Brewster County
      • Christmas Mountains
Rocks & Minerals (1991)
      • Study Butte
Wlotzka et al. (1988)
    • Culberson County
      • Sierra Diablo
Audétat (2010)
    • Hale County
Rubin et al. (2009)
    • McLennan County
Srinivasan et al. ( 2000)
  • Virginia
    • Henrico County
Bischoff et al. (1984)
    • Highland County
Dietrich (1990)
    • Warren County
Dietrich (1990)
  • Wyoming
    • Laramie County
Coopersmith et al. (2003, June) +1 other reference
    • Sweetwater County
Kuehner et al. (1981)
Mitchell et al. (1999)
GSA Bull (1903)
Uzbekistan
 
  • Navoiy
    • Bukantau Mountains
Golovko et al. (2010)
Vietnam
 
  • Kon Tum Province
Pham Van Long et al. (2004)
Yemen
 
  • Hadhramaut Governorate
Zolensky et al. (2003)
Zambia
 
  • North-Western Province
Fabre (n.d.)
Zimbabwe
 
  • Matabeleland South
    • Beitbridge District
Kopylova et al. (1997)
Mercury
 
Sprague et al. (2009)
Outer Space
 
Gornitz (2007)
The Moon
 
  • Mare Crisium
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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