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Crichtonite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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03604460017089628865627.jpg
Crichtonite, etc.

La Lauzière massif, Savoie, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
09652930014950572671026.jpg
Crichtonite

Monte Cervandone area, Devero Alp, Baceno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
09635450014977261965007.jpg
Crichtonite

Monte Cervandone area, Devero Alp, Baceno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
07523390017061928845247.jpg
Crichtonite, etc.

La Lauzière massif, Savoie, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
03446290014948590192491.jpg
Crichtonite

Monte Cervandone area, Devero Alp, Baceno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
09635450014977261965007.jpg
Crichtonite

Monte Cervandone area, Devero Alp, Baceno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
09933770017085440534328.jpg
Crichtonite, etc.

La Lauzière massif, Savoie, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
09652930014950572671026.jpg
Crichtonite

Monte Cervandone area, Devero Alp, Baceno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
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About CrichtoniteHide

07752130015080088128268.jpg
Sir Alexander A. Crichton
Formula:
Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
4.46
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Originally discovered by Count J. L. de Bournon in 1788. He published the name as craitonite 1813, in honor of Sir Alexander A. Crichton (2 December 1763, Newington, Edinburgh, Scotland - 4 June 1856), physician and mineral collector, who provided de Bournon with the specimens. The misspelling was an attempt to reproduce the pronunciation for French readers. In English text, the spelling crichtonite was used from the same time period. Full details of the name history and pronunciation are given by Hey, et al. 1969.
Sr analogue of senaite. Mn analogue of dessauite-(Y), davidite-(Ce), davidite-(La), mapiquiroite, UM2006-05-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr and UM2006-06-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr. SrFe-analogue of almeidaite and landauite.

Visually similar to ilmenite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1153
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1153:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
a9993080-4bc2-4803-87b9-b1fbd12b45ce

IMA Classification of CrichtoniteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of CrichtoniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
4.CC.40

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations
Dana 8th ed.:
8.5.1.3

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
5 : AB21O38
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.9.9

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
CicIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of CrichtoniteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Dark grey
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Density:
4.46(4) g/cm3 (Measured)    4.55 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Chemistry of CrichtoniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
Elements listed:
Cr, Fe, H, Mn, O, Sr, Ti, U, V, Y - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of CrichtoniteHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.37 Å, c = 20.74 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2
Unit Cell V:
1,931.51 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000535CrichtoniteGrey I E, Lloyd D J, White J S (1976) The structure of crichtonite and its relationship to senaite American Mineralogist 61 1203-121219760293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.387 Å(strong)
2.875 Å(strong)
2.131 Å(strong)
1.596 Å(strong)
1.440 Å(strong)
2.838 Å(medium strong)
2.243 Å(medium strong)
1.796 Å(medium strong)
0.90061 Å(medium strong)
Comments:
Bourg d’Oisans, France. Data from Hey et al. (1969).

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust>4.4-3.0
19 : Granitic intrusive rocks
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Type Occurrence of CrichtoniteHide

Other Language Names for CrichtoniteHide

German:Crichtonit
Simplified Chinese:锶铁钛矿
Spanish:Crichtonita
Traditional Chinese:鍶鐵鈦礦

Relationship of Crichtonite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Crichtonite Group
Other Members of this group:
AlmeidaitePbZn2(Mn,Y)(Ti,Fe3+)18O37(OH,O)Trig. 3 : R3
BotuobinskiteSrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2]Trig. 3 : R3
Cleusonite(Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
Davidite-(Ce)Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
Davidite-(Y)(La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical)Trig.
Dessauite-(Y)(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38Trig. 3 : R3
Gramaccioliite-(Y)(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
Haitaite-(La)LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38Trig. 3 : R3
LandauiteNaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38Trig.
Loveringite(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
Mapiquiroite(Sr,Pb)(U,Y)Fe2(Ti,Fe3+,Cr3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12Trig. 3 : R3
Mianningite(◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
MirnyiteSrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38Trig. 3 : R3
PaseroitePbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 Trig. 3 : R3
SaranovskiteSrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
SenaitePb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38Trig. 3 : R3
UM2003-08-O:AlCaFeREEScTiV(Ca,Ce)Sc(Ti,V,Fe,Al)20O38
UM2006-05-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr(Sr,Na,K,REE)(Ca,Zr,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
UM2006-06-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr(Sr,Na,K,REE)(Zr,Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
UM2006-07-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr(Na,Sr,K,REE)(Ca,Zr,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
UM2006-08-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr(Na,Sr,K,REE)(Zr,Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
UM2006-09-O:CaFeMnREESrTiZr(Ce,Sr,REE)(Ca,Mn,Zr)Fe2(Ti,Fe)18O38
Unnamed (HBU UK-4)NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
Forms a series with:
SenaiteCrichtonite-Senaite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Crichtonite associated with QuartzSiO2
3 photos of Crichtonite associated with RutileTiO2
3 photos of Crichtonite associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
2 photos of Crichtonite associated with MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4
2 photos of Crichtonite associated with Dessauite-(Y)(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38
2 photos of Crichtonite associated with SenaitePb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38
1 photo of Crichtonite associated with CafarsiteCa5.9Mn1.7Fe3Ti3(AsO3)12 · 4-5H2O
1 photo of Crichtonite associated with Smoky QuartzSiO2
1 photo of Crichtonite associated with IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
1 photo of Crichtonite associated with ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.CC.XuiteCa3Fe3+2[(AlO3(OH)]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.AllendeiteSc4Zr3O12Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.BitikleiteCa3(Sb5+Sn4+)[AlO4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.Yttriaite-(Y)Y2O3Iso. m3 (2/m 3)
4.CC.ChlorkyuygeniteCa12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2]Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.Anzaite-(Ce)Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.Heamanite-(Ce)(K0.5Ce0.5)TiO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.Priscillagrewite-(Y)(Ca2Y)Zr2(AlO4)3Iso.
4.CC.SaranovskiteSrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.BotuobinskiteSrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2]Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.MirnyiteSrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.Haitaite-(La)LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.ShagamiteKFe11O17Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.05ChrombismiteBi3+16Cr6+O27Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.10FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16Mon.
4.CC.10FluormayeniteCa12Al14O32F2Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.10FluorkyuygeniteCa12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2]Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.15GrossiteCaAl4O7Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CC.17GoldschmidtiteKNbO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.20ChlormayeniteCa12Al14O32[◻4Cl2]Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.20Unnamed (HBU UK-4)NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20PaseroitePbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20Mianningite(◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.22KahlenbergiteKAl11O17Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.22GoreriteCaAlFe3+11O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.25YafsoaniteCa3Te6+2(ZnO4)3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.25NixoniteNa2Ti6O13Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.30LatrappiteCa2NbFe3+O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30LueshiteNaNbO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.CC.30NatroniobiteNaNbO3Mon.
4.CC.30PerovskiteCaTiO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30BarioperovskiteBaTiO3Orth. mm2 : Amm2
4.CC.30LakargiiteCa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30MegawiteCaSnO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pban
4.CC.32UsturiteCa3(Sb5+Zr)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32ElbrusiteCa3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32DzhuluiteCa3(Sb5+Sn4+)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32MonteneveiteCa3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.35Loparite-(Ce)(Na,REE)2Ti2O6Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.35MacedonitePbTiO3Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
4.CC.35TausoniteSrTiO3Iso. 4 3m
4.CC.35Isolueshite(Na,La)NbO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.35Panguite(Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
4.CC.37PauloabibiteNaNbO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(Ce)Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(Y)(La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical)Trig.
4.CC.40LandauiteNaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38Trig.
4.CC.40Loveringite(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40SenaitePb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40UhligiteCa3(Ti,Al,Zr)9O20 ?Iso.
4.CC.40Dessauite-(Y)(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Cleusonite(Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Gramaccioliite-(Y)(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.45DiaoyudaoiteNaAl11O17Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HawthorneiteBaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HiboniteCaAl12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45LindqvistitePb2Mn2+Fe16O27Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45Magnetoplumbite(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45PlumboferritePb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2
4.CC.45YimengiteK(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HaggertyiteBaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45NežilovitePbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45BatiferriteBaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45ChihuahuaiteFeAl12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45BarioferriteBaFe3+12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45Kangite(Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,◻)2O3 Iso. m3 (2/m 3)
4.CC.45Mizraite-(Ce)Ce(Al11Mg)O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.50Jeppeite(K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.55ZenzénitePb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm
4.CC.60Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.)(Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CrichtoniteHide

References for CrichtoniteHide

Reference List:
de Bournon, J.L. (1813): 430.
de Bournon, J.L. (1814) Catalogue de la Collection Minéralogique du Comte de Bournon. The Monthly Review: 73: 17-32.
Claringbull, G.F. (1953) Mineralogical Society (London). American Mineralogist: 38: 734-737.
Hey, M.H., Embrey, P.G., Fejer, E.E. (1969) Crichtonite, a Distinct Species. Mineralogical Magazine: 37: 349-356.
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x
Fleischer, M. (1970) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 55: 533-535.
Grey, I.E., Lloyd, D.J., White, J.S. (1976) The structure of crichtonite and its relationship to senaite. American Mineralogist: 61: 1203-1212.
(1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (332) 1053-1055 doi:10.1180/minmag.1980.043.332.17
Foord, E.E., Chaves, M. L. da Sa C., Lichte, F.E. (1994): Plumboan crichtonite from the Fazenda Guariba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record 25, 133-135.
Wülser, P.-A., Brugger, J., Meisser, N. (2004) The crichtonite group of minerals: a review of the classification. Bulletin de liaison de la Société Francaise de Minéralogie et Cristallographie: 16: 76-77.
Mills, Stuart J., Bindi, Luca, Cadoni, Marcella, Kampf, Anthony R., Ciriotti, Marco E., Ferraris, Giovanni (2012) Paseroite, PbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe2+)2(V5+,Ti,Fe3+,☐)18O38, a new member of the crichtonite group. European Journal of Mineralogy, 24 (6) 1061-1067 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2012/0024-2243
(2023) Crichtonite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for CrichtoniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria
 
  • Tyrol
    • Schwaz District
      • Finkenberg
I. Campostrini - Department of ...
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
Foord et al. (1994)
Canada
 
  • Ontario
    • Thunder Bay District
Currie (1980)
      • Walsh Township
Potter et al. (2005)
  • Québec
    • Chaudière-Appalaches
      • Les Appalaches RCM
        • Saint-Pierre-de-Broughton (West Broughton)
HORVÁTH et al. (2006)
Finland
 
  • North Ostrobothnia
    • Kuusamo
Al-Ani et al. (2018)
Al-Ani et al. (2018)
France (TL)
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Isère
      • Grenoble
Catal.Collect.mineral.particul.Roi (1813) +1 other reference
Valverde J. (1999)
    • Savoie
      • Albertville
        • La Léchère
          • Celliers
DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R. (2003)
DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R. (2003)
De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002) +1 other reference
      • Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
        • Argentine
DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R. (2003)
        • Épierre
DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R. (2003)
        • Saint-Colomban-des-Villards
DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R. (2003)
        • Val-Cenis
          • Lanslebourg-Mont-Cenis
            • Mont-Cenis Plateau
De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2008) +1 other reference
  • Brittany
    • Morbihan
      • Lorient
        • Groix
          • Primiture
"Les minéraux et al. (1977)
Italy
 
  • Aosta Valley
    • Courmayeur
Piccoli et al. (2007)
  • Piedmont
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Baceno
        • Devero Alp
Lapis (7/8)
      • Formazza
Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference
      • Varzo
        • Veglia Alp (Alpe Veglia)
Cuchet et al. (2023) +1 other reference
Madagascar
 
  • Amoron'i Mania
    • Ambatofinandrahana District
      • Itremo
        • Imorona valley
Lacroix (1922)
Mexico
 
  • Yucatán
    • northwest coastline of the Yucatán peninsula
      • Puerto Chicxulub
Wittmann A (2022)
Russia
 
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Khibiny Massif
maurice.strahlen.org (2003) +3 other references
      • Lovchorr Mt
Kompanchenko et al. (2018)
    • Pechengsky District
      • Pechenga Ni-Cu ore field
Компанченко А.А. +1 other reference
  • Sakha
    • Mirninsky District
      • Daldyn
Rezvukhin +3 other references
South Africa
 
  • Northern Cape
    • Frances Baard District Municipality
      • Sol Plaatje Local Municipality
        • Kimberley
Konzett et al. (2013)
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Surselva Region
      • Tujetsch
        • Sedrun
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Ticino
    • Leventina
      • Airolo
        • Fontana
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2019
  • Valais
    • Brig
      • Naters
    • Entremont
      • Orsières
        • Ferret Valley
          • La Fouly
Cuchet et al. (2003) +1 other reference
    • Goms
      • Binn
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Ayer
Stalder et al. (1998)
USA
 
  • Montana
    • Hill County
      • Bearpaw Mountains
Can Min 38:145-152
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