Harmunite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Harmunite
Formula:
CaFe2O4
Colour:
Black
Specific Gravity:
4.404 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named after locality.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
43570
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:43570:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
9ac027ca-4317-492b-827a-643872379ace
IMA Classification of Harmunite
Approved
First published:
2014
Classification of Harmunite
4.BB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Hmu | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Harmunite
Colour:
Black
Hardness:
VHN50=655 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
4.404 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Chemistry of Harmunite
Mindat Formula:
CaFe2O4
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Harmunite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pbcm
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.2183(3) Å, b = 3.0175(1) Å, c = 10.6934(4) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.055 : 1 : 3.544
Unit Cell V:
297.45 ų
Z:
4
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0020333 | Harmunite | Galuskina I O, Vapnik Y, Lazic B, Armbruster T, Murashko M, Galuskin E V (2014) Harmunite CaFe2O4: A new mineral from the Jabel Harmun, West Bank, Palestinian Autonomy, Israel American Mineralogist 99 965-975 | 2014 | Hatrurim complex, West Bank, Palestinian Autonomy, Israel | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.670 Å | (52) |
2.663 Å | (100) |
2.524 Å | (60) |
2.523 Å | (35) |
2.232 Å | (34) |
1.834 Å | (40) |
1.831 Å | (27) |
1.510 Å | (19) |
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56) | <0.36 |
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Type Occurrence of Harmunite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Occurs in larnite pebbles of the pseudo-conglomerate, the cement of which consists of intensely altered larnite-bearing rocks. Srebrodolskite, magnesioferrite, and harmunite are intergrown forming black porous aggregates to the central part of the pebbles
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
St Petersburg University, Universytetskaya Naberezhnaya 7/9, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia, catalogue number 1/19518
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hatrurim Complex of pyrometamorphic larnite rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Galuskina, I.O., Vapnik Ye., Lazic B., Armbruster T., Murashko M. and Galuskin E. (2014) Harmunite CaFe2O4: A new mineral from the Jabel Harmun, West Bank, Palestinian Autonomy, Israel. American Mineralogist: 99: 965–975.
Synonyms of Harmunite
Relationship of Harmunite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Chenmingite | FeCr2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Ellinaite | CaCr2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Marokite | CaMn3+2O4 | Orth. |
Tschaunerite | (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
Wernerkrauseite | Ca(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Xieite | Fe2+Cr2O4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Harmunite associated with Srebrodolskite | Ca2Fe3+2O5 |
1 photo of Harmunite associated with Fluorellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5F |
1 photo of Harmunite associated with Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 |
1 photo of Harmunite associated with Aragonite | CaCO3 |
1 photo of Harmunite associated with Mica Group | |
1 photo of Harmunite associated with Schorlomite | Ca3Ti2(SiO4)(Fe3+O4)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
4.BB. | Elgoresyite | (Mg5Si2)O9 |
4.BB. | Chenmingite | FeCr2O4 |
4.BB. | Dellagiustaite | V2+Al2O4 |
4.BB. | Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 |
4.BB. | Chukochenite | LiAl5O8 |
4.BB. | Garpenbergite | Mn6◻AsSbO10(OH)2 |
4.BB. | Magnéliite | Ti3+2Ti4+2O7 |
4.BB. | Jianmuite | ZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16 |
4.BB.05 | Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Cochromite | CoCr2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Filipstadite | (Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Magnesioferrite | MgFe3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Nichromite | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 |
4.BB.05 | Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Trevorite | Ni2+Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Ulvöspinel | TiFe2+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Wernerkrauseite | Ca(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6 |
4.BB.05 | Deltalumite | (Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Guite | Co2+Co3+2O4 |
4.BB.10 | Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
4.BB.10 | Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
4.BB.10 | Manganostibite | (Mn,Fe)7SbAsO12 |
4.BB.15 | Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.15 | Titanomaghemite | (Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.20 | Tegengrenite | (Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4 |
4.BB.25 | Xieite | Fe2+Cr2O4 |
4.BB.30 | Carmeltazite | ZrAl2Ti4O11 |
4.BB.35 | Feiite | Fe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5 |
4.BB.40 | Maohokite | MgFe2O4 |
4.BB.45 | Tschaunerite | (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Harmunite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-43570.html
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External Links:
References for Harmunite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2013) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. CNMNC Newsletter No. 15. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (1) 1-12 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.1.01
Localities for Harmunite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany | |
| in the collection of Christof Schäfer |
| Blaß et al. (2014) |
| Collection Joachim Esche |
Israel | |
| Krzątała et al. (2018) |
Middle East | |
Vapnik et al. (2014) | |
Palestine (TL) | |
| Mineralogical Magazine +2 other references |
Poland | |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD and EPMA data |
Russia | |
| Sharygin (2015) |
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Feuerberg, Hohenfels-Essingen, Gerolstein, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany