	Polovina, J. S., Hudson, D. M., Jones, R. E. (2004) PETROGRAPHIC AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POSTMAGMATIC HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION AND MINERALIZATION IN THE J M REEF, STILLWATER COMPLEX, MONTANA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42 (2) 261-277 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.2.261	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ALTERATION AND MINERALIZATION IN THE J–M REEF, STILLWATER COMPLEX, MONTANA JOSEPH S. POLOVINA 1254 Wonder Court...Court, Gardnerville, Nevada 89460, U.S.A. DONALD M. HUDSON 1540 Van Petten Street, Reno, Nevada 89503...borehole samples from the J–M Reef and its footwall in the Stillwater Complex, Montana. We used optical microscopy...talc, white mica, and magnetite, with traces of tremolite, Cl-rich ferropargasite and quartz. The intensity...altered in the least-altered reef sample. In the weakly altered samples of the reef, BMS occur in aggregates
	Wall, Corey J., Scoates, James S. (2016) HIGH-PRECISION U-Pb ZIRCON-BADDELEYITE DATING OF THE J-M REEF PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT DEPOSIT IN THE STILLWATER COMPLEX, MONTANA (USA) Economic Geology, 111 (3) 771-782 doi:10.2113/econgeo.111.3.771	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	OF THE J-M REEF PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT DEPOSIT IN THE STILLWATER COMPLEX, MONTANA (USA) Corey J. Wall†... BC V6T-1Z4, Canada Abstract The Stillwater Complex, Montana (USA), is one of the world’s largest layered...layered intrusions and hosts the JohnsManville (J-M) Reef, a world-class platinum group element (PGE) deposit...extracted from three mineralized samples of the J-M Reef. The samples, which were collected over 15 km...high-precision crystallization ages for the reef and the Stillwater Complex. All samples are coarse grained
	Godel, Bélinda, Barnes, Sarah-Jane (2008) Platinum-group elements in sulfide minerals and the whole rocks of the J-M Reef (Stillwater Complex): Implication for the formation of the reef. Chemical Geology, 248 (3) 272-294 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.05.006	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	whole rocks of the J-M Reef (Stillwater Complex): Implication for the formation of the reef Bélinda Godel...and whole rocks of the J-M Reef (footwall, reef and hanging wall) of the Stillwater Complex (U.S.A.). The...the role of alteration in the formation of the J-M Reef. Only a minor quantity of PGE (∼ 10 to 140 ppb)...the J-M Reef, which contain only small amounts of sulfur (∼ 140 to 400 ppm). In contrast, the reef samples...indicate that Pd is more strongly enriched in the reef relative to surrounding rocks than the other PGE
	BOUDREAU, A. E., MATHEZ, E. A., MCCALLUM, I. S. (1986) Halogen Geochemistry of the Stillwater and Bushveld Complexes: Evidence for Transport of the Platinum-Group Elements by Cl-Rich Fluids. Journal of Petrology, 27 (4) 967-986 doi:10.1093/petrology/27.4.967	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Halogen Geochemistry of the Stillwater and Bushveld Complexes: Evidence for Transport of the Platinum-Group...exception of those from the PGE ore zones of the Stillwater and Bushveld Complexes, have C1/(C1 + OH + F)...phases and low temperaturefluids.However, both the Stillwater and Bushveld phlogopites are enriched in Cl compared...deposit of Oli vine-Bearing Subzone I of the Stillwater Complex are used to compute a fluid composition...platinum-group elements (PGE) in the Bushveld and Stillwater Complexes has focused on whether concentration
	*Godel, B., Barnes, S.-J. (2008) IMAGE ANALYSIS AND COMPOSITION OF PLATINUM-GROUP MINERALS IN THE J-M REEF, STILLWATER COMPLEX. Economic Geology, 103 (3) 637-651 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.103.3.637*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	COMPOSITION OF PLATINUM-GROUP MINERALS IN THE J-M REEF, STILLWATER COMPLEX BÉLINDA GODEL,† Centre for Exploration...platinum-group element (PGE)–bearing J-M reef, Stillwater Complex (Montana). The aims of the study were to...second fluid migration event. The Pd/Pt ratio of the reef (~3.3) is higher than most mafic magmas and the...of the Pd in the reef was leached from the underlying rocks and deposited in the reef as PGM associated...Bushveld Complex (South Africa) and the Stillwater Complex (Montana) contain stratiform layers, or “reefs
	*(1990) Petrology of the noritic and gabbronoritic rocks below the J-M Reef in the Mountain View area, Stillwater Complex, Montana. Bulletin* Vol. 1674. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1674c**	Report (volume)
	Gabbronoritic Rocks below the J-M Reef in the Mountain View Area, Stillwater Complex, Montana U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY...Rocks below the J-M Reef in the Mountain View Area, Stillwater Complex, Montana By NORMAN J PAGE and BARRY...Data Page, Norman, J Petrology of the noritic and gabbronoritic rocks below the J-M Reef in the Mountain...Mountain View area, Stillwater Complex, Montana / by Norman J Page and Barry C. Moring. p. cm. (U.S. Geological...Moring, Barry C. II. Title. III. Title: Stillwater Complex, Montana. IV. Series. V. Series: Contributions
	MATHEZ, E. A., DIETRICH, V. J., HOLLOWAY, J. R., BOUDREAU, A. E. (1989) Carbon Distribution in the Stiliwater Complex and Evolution of Vapor During Crystallization of Stillwater and Bushveld Magmas. Journal of Petrology, 30 (1) 153-173 doi:10.1093/petrology/30.1.153	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Distribution in the Stillwater Complex and Evolution of Vapor During Crystallization of Stillwater and Bushveld...Bushveld Magmas by E. A. MATHEZ 1 , V. J. DIETRICH 2 , J. R. HOLLOWAY 3 , AND A. E. BOUDREAU 4 1 (Received...occurrence and distribution of carbon in the Stillwater Complex have been investigated. In mineralized...system has been investigated for conditions of Stillwater and Bushveld crystallization. In alkali-poor...the first fluid to exsolve from Bushveld and Stillwater intercumulus melt was composed of a mixture of
	GODEL, BELINDA, BARNES, SARAH-JANE, MAIER, WOLFGANG D. (2006) 3-D Distribution of Sulphide Minerals in the Merensky Reef (Bushveld Complex, South Africa) and the J-M Reef (Stillwater Complex, USA) and their Relationship to Microstructures Using X-Ray Computed Tomography. Journal of Petrology, 47 (9) 1853-1872 doi:10.1093/petrology/egl029	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	tomography; microstructures; sulphides; Merensky Reef; J-M Reef Large mafic–ultramafic layered intrusions...in two oriented samples of the Merensky Reef and the J-M Reef. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis...and silicates or oxides. In the Merensky Reef and the J-M Reef, sulphides are connected in three dimensions...the cumulate. In the melanorite of the Merensky Reef, the sulphide content increases from top to bottom...Bushveld Complex (South Africa) or the Stillwater Complex (Montana, USA) contain layers enriched in platinum-group
	Keays, Reid R., Lightfoot, Peter C., Hamlyn, Paul R. (2012) Sulfide saturation history of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: chemostratigraphic variation in platinum group elements. Mineralium Deposita, 47 (1) 151-173 doi:10.1007/s00126-011-0346-7	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ARTICLE Sulfide saturation history of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: chemostratigraphic variation in platinum...km-thick stratigraphic section of the Stillwater Complex, Montana was undertaken to refine and test a geochemical...the western part of the Stillwater Complex where the J-M reef occurs ∼1,460 m above the floor of the intrusion...of the J-M reef were analyzed to detail compositional variations directly above and below the J-M reef...reef. Below the J-M reef, background concentrations of Pt (10 ppb) and Pd (7 ppb) are features of peridotites
	McCallum, I. S., Thurber, M. W., O'Brien, H. E., Nelson, B. K. (1999) Lead isotopes in sulfides from the Stillwater Complex, Montana: evidence for subsolidus remobilization. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 137 (3) 206-219 doi:10.1007/s004100050546	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Nelson Lead isotopes in sul®des from the Stillwater Complex, Montana: evidence for subsolidus remobilization...suite of samples from the platiniferous J-M Reef of the Stillwater Complex were measured to elucidate the...351310 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195, USA e-mail: mccallum@u.washington.edu Editorial responsibility:...enrichment and redistribution in the J-M Reef of the Stillwater Complex. Previous measurements of the...chemical disturbance since their formation. The Stillwater Complex has been described in a recent review
	Schisa, Paul, Boudreau, Alan, Djon, Lionnel, Tchalikian, Arnaud, Corkery, John (2015) The Lac Des Iles Palladium Deposit, Ontario, Canada. Part II. Halogen variations in apatite. Mineralium Deposita, 50 (3) 339-355 doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0541-4	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	90227, Durham, NC 27708, USA e-mail: boudreau@duke.edu L. Djon : A. Tchalikian : J. Corkery Metals Exploration...chromitite and the Merensky Reef) and the Stillwater Complex (the J-M reef) contains anomalously high...between the Clrich apatite of the Bushveld and Stillwater complexes and the typically Cl-poor (<10 mol%...sheared unit that is properly termed a chlorite + tremolite ± talc schist. CIPW normative composition implies...amphibolitization. The High-Grade Zone is a 15- to 30-m-wide Pd-rich zone (mean concentration of 7.89 ppm
	*Gobla, Michael J. (2012) Montana Mineral Locality Index. Rocks & Minerals, 87 (3) 208-240 doi:10.1080/00357529.2012.676825*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Montana Mineral Locality Index Downloaded by [University of Nebraska, Lincoln] at 20:00 09 April 2015...2015 K NOWN AS THE TREASURE STATE, Montana is rich in mineral and gemstone localities. The state motto...state is known as the Montana alkali province where the sediments have MICHAEL J. GOBLA 19055 East Bethany...Indian Queen mine ca. 1905 at Farlin, Beaverhead County. 208 ROCKS & MINERALS Downloaded by [University...mines at Butte in Silver Bow County and the Black Pine mine in Granite County have produced many fine crystal
	Kawohl, Alexander, Frimmel, Hartwig E. (2016) Isoferroplatinum-pyrrhotite-troilite intergrowth as evidence of desulfurization in the Merensky Reef at Rustenburg (western Bushveld Complex, South Africa) Mineralogical Magazine, 80 (6) 1041-1053 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.055	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	intergrowth as evidence of desulfurization in the Merensky Reef at Rustenburg (western Bushveld Complex, South Africa)...samples of the Normal (or undisturbed) Merensky Reef from Frank Shaft No.1 at Rustenburg Platinum Mine...petrographic results indicate that the normal thin reef has also undergone hydrothermal alteration. For...even in the undisturbed Merensky Reef. K E Y WO R D S : Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex, platinum-group...Pt-Fe-alloy, desulfurization. Introduction THE Merensky Reef, a thin and laterally extensive platinum-group element
	Boudreau, A. E., Hoatson, D. M. (2004) HALOGEN VARIATIONS IN THE PALEOPROTEROZOIC LAYERED MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC INTRUSIONS OF EAST KIMBERLEY, WESTERN AUSTRALIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT MINERALIZATION. Economic Geology, 99 (5) 1015-1026 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.99.5.1015	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 AND DEAN M. HOATSON Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra...show Cl enrichment as high as that seen in the Stillwater and Bushveld complexes beneath the major stratabound...gabbro, OGabn = olivine gabbronorite, Tr-An = tremolite-anthophyllite peridotite, Troc = troctolite 1...microprobe at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Typical analytical conditions were 15 Kev acceleration...Ce2O3 SiO2 Na2O Rock type Intrusion Group Height (m) SMD30/44 0.04 0.41 0.55 100.9 0.72 100.2 56.0
	Djon, Moïse Lionnel N., Barnes, Sarah-Jane (2012) Changes in sulfides and platinum-group minerals with the degree of alteration in the Roby, Twilight, and High Grade Zones of the Lac des Iles Complex, Ontario, Canada. Mineralium Deposita, 47 (8) 875-896 doi:10.1007/s00126-012-0401-z	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	material, which is available to authorized users. M. L. N. Djon () North American Palladium, 556 Tenth...ON P7B 2R2, Canada e-mail: lionnil2002@yahoo.fr S.-J. Barnes Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard...1999; Von Gruenewaldt et al. 1986, the JM reef* of the Stillwater Complex: Zientek et al. 2002 and the Main...zoned intrusion and the zones are quite wide (50–400 m: Fig. 1b; Lavigne and Michaud 2001). (2) The host...exception to this observation is the JM reef of the Stillwater Complex, which has higher Pd/Ir of 865
	Wang, Christina Yan, Zhou, Mei-Fu, Qi, Liang (2010) Origin of extremely PGE-rich mafic magma system: An example from the Jinbaoshan ultramafic sill, Emeishan large igneous province, SW China. Lithos, 119 (1) 147-161 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2010.07.022	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ScienceDirect Lithos j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / l i...horizons at different stratigraphic heights. A ~ 5 m-thick PGE-rich horizon at the base of the sill, which...layered intrusions, such as the Bushveld and Stillwater Complexes and the Great Dyke (Naldrett, 2004)...chromitite, such as the chromite layers of the Merensky Reef (Barnes and Maier, 2002; ⁎ Corresponding author... 2007) and chromite-poor J-M reef and A and B chromitites of the Stillwater Complex (Page et al., 1985;
	Li, Chusi, Xu, Zhanghua, de Waal, Sybrand A., Ripley, Edward M., Maier, Wolfgang D. (2004) Compositional variations of olivine from the Jinchuan Ni–Cu sulfide deposit, western China: implications for ore genesis. Mineralium Deposita, 39 (2) 159-172 doi:10.1007/s00126-003-0389-5	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Chusi Li Æ Zhanghua Xu Æ Sybrand A. de Waal Edward M. Ripley Æ Wolfgang D. Maier Compositional variations...Æ E. M. Ripley Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA E-mail:...meters long and tens of centimeters to more than 20 m thick that crosscut disseminated and nettextured sulﬁde...length were collected at regular intervals (10– 20 m) in each core. Petrographic examination of the samples...variant (Fig. 2b). With progress of alteration, tremolite appears in the place of Mghornblende, and the
	*Ishimaru, Satoko, Arai, Shoji (2008) Nickel enrichment in mantle olivine beneath a volcanic front. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 156 (1) 119-131 doi:10.1007/s00410-007-0277-6*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	km 70-90 mm/yr 52° Pacific 40 0k 10 18 0k m m PET l-K Avacha am ch a tka tre nc h 300...the existence of Al-poor hornblende including tremolite and Al-rich spinel in the latter (Ishimaru and...contains various secondary amphiboles (pargasite to tremolite) and sulfide globules in addition to secondary...(Arai et al. 2007). 48 50 40 38 40 42 (tremolite to pargasite) and sulfides. The grain size of...S 159 F-type C-type m 90 ato Fo 95 Fo 85 Fo Fe 50 % 5 900 °C S m 850 °C 70 ato % 10
	*Zingg, A.J. (1996) Recrystallization and the origin of layering in the Bushveld Complex. Lithos, 37 (1) 15-37 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(95)00013-5*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	distinguished in this study: (a) the layered rocks, (b) the Reef pegmatites which are parallel to the layering and...textures are observed in the layered rocks adjacent to Reef pegmatites and are compared with similar reaction...formed by the fluid responsible for the formation of Reef pegmatites. In the layered rocks the reaction textures...variable degrees during and after the emplacement of Reef pegmatites. These modifications include in leuconorites:...suggests their formation during the emplacement of Reef pegmatites. These hydrous minerals were then trapped
	Holwell, David A., Keays, Reid R., McDonald, Iain, Williams, Megan R. (2015) Extreme enrichment of Se, Te, PGE and Au in Cu sulfide microdroplets: evidence from LA-ICP-MS analysis of sulfides in the Skaergaard Intrusion, east Greenland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 170 (5) doi:10.1007/s00410-015-1203-y	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	access at Springerlink.com Abstract The Platinova Reef, in the Skaergaard Intrusion, east Greenland, is... However, even for such deposits, the Platinova Reef contains extremely low volumes of sulfide and the...analyses of sulfide microdroplets from the Platinova Reef, which show that they have the highest Se concentrations...Gold · Selenium · Sulfide saturation · Platinova Reef · S/Se ratios Electronic supplementary material...Intrusion in east Greenland is host to the Platinova Reef, which is an example of a rare subclass of magmatic
	Mogessie, A., Hauzenberger, Ch. A., Hoinkes, G., Felfernig, A., Stumpfl, E. F., Bjerg, E. A., Kostadinoff, J. (2000) Genesis of platinum-group minerals in the Las Aguilas mafic-ultramafic rocks, San Luis Province, Argentina: textural, chemical and mineralogical evidence. Mineralogy and Petrology, 68 (1) 85-114 doi:10.1007/s007100050005	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Felfernig1 , E. F. Stump¯2 , E. A. Bjerg3 , and J. Kostadinoff3 1 Institute of Mineralogy ± Crystallography...similar PGE fractionation trend as the Bushveld and Stillwater layered complexes. This contrasts with the ophiolite-...abgeschatzt werden. Man nimmt an, daû mehrere Meter machtige Platingruppenelement (PGE) ± f uhrende Zonen...wie die lagigen Intrusionen von Bushveld und Stillwater. Dies ist gegensatzlich zu den Ophiolitvorkommen...1986) where 59 holes with a combined length of 9000 m were drilled into the Las Aguilas body (Fig. 3). According
	*(1987) Composition of primary postcumulus amphibole and phlogopite within an olivine cumulate in the Stillwater Complex, Montana. Bulletin* Vol. 1674. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1674a**	Report (volume)
	Phlogopite Within an Olivine Cumulate in the Stillwater Complex, Montana U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1674-A...Olivine Cumulate in the Still water Complex, Montana By NORMAN J PAGE and MICHAEL L. ZIENTEK U.S. GEOLOGICAL...Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Page, Norman J Composition of primary postcumulus amphibole and phlogopite...phlogopite within an olivine cumulate in the Stillwater Complex, Montana. (Contributions on ore deposits in the...3:1674-A 1. Amphiboles Montana. 2. Phlogopite Montana. 3. Chrysolite Montana, I. Zientek, Michael L.
	*Cawthorn, Richard Grant - Ed.* (1996) Layered Intrusions - Developments in Petrology No. 15. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/s0167-2894(96)x8001-1**	Book
	Subsequent work by H.H. Hess and E.D. Jackson (Stillwater) and B.V. Lombaard (Bushveld) revealed problems...of the upper Crystal-free magma Liquidus ~ A X .j o') .=_ (/} c~) .{: (/} (1:1 (1) to Q) to ~ Suspension...dolerite ranging from 1 to 10 m in thickness. It is located 10 to 13 m above the basal contact of the...olivine-rich zone by flow segregation. Irregular cm- to m-scale layering within the olivine horizon appears...cycles. Similar cyclic units are present in the Stillwater, Great Dyke, Bushveld, Rum, Jimberlana, and other
	Karinen, Tuomo (2010) The Koillismaa Intrusion, northeastern Finland - evidence for PGE reef forming processes in the layered series. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande Vol. 404. Geological Survey of Finland	Journal (volume)
	sulphidemineralized layer referred to as the Rometölväs Reef of the 2440 Ma old Koillismaa Intrusion. The author...the origin of the mineralization of the Rometölväs Reef was triggered by emplacement of dykes of a new magma...the noncumulus-textured gabbronorite bodies of the reef. ISBN 978-952-217-092-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-217-093-4...Intrusion, northeastern Finland – evidence for PGE reef forming processes in the layered series Tuomo Karinen...INTRUSION, NORTHEASTERN FINLAND – EVIDENCE FOR PGE REEF FORMING PROCESSES IN THE LAYERED SERIES by TUOMO
	Mutanen, Tapani (1997) Geology and ore petrology of the Akanvaara and Koitelainen mafic layered intrusions and the Keivitsa-Satovaara layered complex, northern Finland. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande Vol. 395. Geological Survey of Finland	Journal (volume)
	Fiskenaesset, Sittampundi, Soutpansberg, Bushveld, Stillwater). In the Akanvaara and Koitelainen intrusions...Koitelainen area is 260 m a.s.l., and in the southern part of the Keivitsa-Satovaara area 220 m a.s.l. The highest...Koitelainen tunturi (fell), 408 m a.s.l. Keivitsa hill rises 80–90 m above the surrounding lakes and...some low hills and ridges with a base level 180–190 m a.s.l. The Akanvaara hill (actual- ly a row of hills)...the roof of the intrusion, reaches a height of 440 m. Dry moraines are covered with spruce forests; pine

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Tremolite from Minneapolis adit, J-M Reef (Howland Reef), Stillwater County, Montana, USA

Tremolite from
Minneapolis adit, J-M Reef (Howland Reef), Stillwater County, Montana, USA