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Styxosaurinae ✝

Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)343318https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=343318
Ranksubfamily (PBDB)
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Sauropterygia : Elasmosauridae : Styxosaurinae
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
orderSauropterygiaOwen 1861
-Pistosauria
-Plesiosauria
superfamilyPlesiosauroideaWelles 1943
-CryptoclidiaKetchum and Benson 2010
-XenopsariaBenson and Druckenmiller 2014
familyElasmosauridaeCope 1869
subfamilyStyxosaurinaeOtero 2016
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Styxosaurinaesubfamilybelongs to Elasmosauridaestated with evidenceOtero, 2016
Styxosaurinaesubfamilybelongs to Elasmosauridaestated without evidenceSerratos et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)13
First Recorded Appearance93.9 - 89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Last Recorded Appearance70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentmarine (based on Plesiosauria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Plesiosauria)
Dietcarnivore (based on Plesiosauria)
Reproductionviviparous (based on Plesiosauria)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite (based on Plesiosauria)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. A. Otero. 2016. Taxonomic reassessment of Hydralmosaurus as Styxosaurus: new insights on the elasmosaurid neck evolution throughout the Cretaceous. PeerJ 4:e1777:1-60

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Albertonectes
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
183.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
83.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Elasmosaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1093.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
83.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nakonanectes
genus
listed (PBDB)170.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
70.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Styxosaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
889.3 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
83.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Terminonatator
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
183.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
83.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
2016Styxosaurinae Otero
2017Styxosaurinae Serratos et al.

References

Otero R. A. (2016) Taxonomic reassessment of Hydralmosaurus as Styxosaurus: new insights on the elasmosaurid neck evolution throughout the Cretaceous, PeerJ 4, e1777:1-60 doi:10.7717/peerj.1777
Serratos D. J., Druckenmiller P., et al (2017) A new elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Bearpaw Shale (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) of Montana demonstrates multiple evolutionary reductions of neck length within Elasmosauridae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37 2, e1278608
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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