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Holostei

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	63784	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=63784

Rank

infraclass (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Holostei

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
superclass	Actinopterygii
class	Actinopteri
subclass	Neopterygii
superorder	Holostei

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Holostei	suborder	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated with evidence	Gadow, 1898
Holostei	order	belongs to Actinopteri	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Holostei	subclass	belongs to Teleostomata	stated without evidence	Jaekel, 1911
Holostei	order	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated without evidence	Gardiner, 1960
Holostei	order	belongs to Ganoidei	stated without evidence	Jordan, 1963
Holostei	superorder	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated without evidence	Thurmond and Jones, 1981
Holostei	superorder	belongs to Osteichthyes	implied	Bryant, 1989
Holostei	unranked clade	belongs to Neopterygii	stated with evidence	Normark et al., 1991
Holostei	infraclass	belongs to Neopterygii	stated without evidence	Nelson, 2006
Holostei	unranked clade	belongs to Actinopterygii	stated without evidence	Cavin et al., 2007
Holostei	unranked clade	belongs to Neopterygii	stated without evidence	Xu and Wu, 2012
Holostei	infraclass	belongs to Neopterygii	stated with evidence	Betancur-R et al., 2013

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

365

Extant Size (PBDB)

18 (4.9%)

First Recorded Appearance

290 - 272 Ma
Permian

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Actinopterygii)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

A. F. De Lapparent. 1955. Étude paléontologique des vertébrés du Jurassique d'El Mers (Moyen Atlas) [Paleontological study of the Jurassic veretebrates from El Mers (Middle Atlas)]. Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc 124:1-36

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Amiiformes order	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Bowfin	544	254 Ma Permian	0 Ma Extant
Aspidorhynchoidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Pholidophoroidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Pycnodontoidea ✝ superfamily	listed (PBDB)		2	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	130 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous
Semionotoidea superfamily	listed (PBDB)
Dapediidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)		76	216 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gigantodontidae ✝ family	listed (PBDB)		5	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	89.3 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Sangiorgioichthys ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		5	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Ticinolepis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		42	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	242 Ma Middle Triassic
Ginglymodi unranked clade	listed (PBDB)		1,149	272 Ma Permian	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1846	Holostei Müller
1898	Holostei Gadow p. 8
1902	Holostei Hay p. 374
1911	Holostea Jaekel p. 73
1946	Holostei Rapp p. 511
1960	Holostei Gardiner p. 241
1961	Chilingosaurus chingshankouensis Young p. 119 figs. Pl. 1:2
1963	Holostei Jordan p. 615
1981	Holostei Thurmond and Jones p. 82

Year	Name and Author
1986	Chilingosaurus chinghankouensis Su p. 32
1987	Holostei Kumar and Loyal p. 68
1988	Holostei Case and Schwimmer p. 297
1989	Holostei Bryant p. 22
1991	Holostei Normark et al. p. 829
2006	Holostei Nelson
2007	Holostei Cavin et al.
2012	Holostei Xu and Wu p. 112
2013	Holostei Betancur-R. et al.

References

De Lapparent A. F. (1955) Étude paléontologique des vertébrés du Jurassique d'El Mers (Moyen Atlas) [Paleontological study of the Jurassic veretebrates from El Mers (Middle Atlas)], Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc 124, 1-36

Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Jaekel O. (1911) , Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms], viii-252

Gardiner B. G. (1960) A revision of certain actinopterygian and coelacanth fishes, chiefly from the Lower Lias, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 4 7, 241-384

Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Kumar K., Loyal R. S. (1987) Eocene ichthyofauna from the Subathu Formation, Northwestern Himalaya, India., Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India 32, 60-84

Case G. R., Schwimmer D. R. (1988) Late Cretaceous Fish from the Blufftown Formation (Campanian) in Western Georgia, Journal of Paleontology 62 2, 290-301

Bryant L. J. (1989) Non-dinosaurian lower vertebrates across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Montana, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 134, 1-107

Nelson J. S. (2006) , Fishes of the world, 4th edition, 1-601

Cavin L., Suteethorn V., et al (2007) The first sinamiid fish (Holostei: Halecomorpha) from Southeast Asia (Early Cretaceous of Thailand), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 4, 827-837

Xu G. -H., Wu F. -X. (2012) A deep-bodied ginglymodian fish from the Middle Triassic of eastern Yunnan Province, China, and the phylogeny of lower neopterygians, Chinese Science Bulletin 57 1, 111-118

Betancur-R. R., Broughton R. E., et al (2013) The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes, PLOS Currents Tree of Life doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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